Activities carried out in 2014

Transcription

1 Activities carried out in 2014 Dr Renan Ernest TRAORE Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Science de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR/SVT) Laboratoire Biosciences de l Université de Ouagadougou Burkina Faso traoreernest@yahoo.fr ou renantraore@gmail.com Tél:

2 Plan I. Thesis presented II. Finalizing of the selection of the best varieties III. Sending of samples for the physicochemical characterization, drought tolerance studies IV. Difficulties and prospects

3 I. Thesis defended The thesis was presented at the University of Ouagadougou January 31 th, The title of the thesis is: Study of the diversity of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott: case of one collection of Burkina Faso and an international collection. The jury and the PhD candidate (TRAORE Renan Ernest) This study aims to know the local knowledge and extent of taro farming in Burkina Faso, as well as agro-morphological variability of farmer's accessions of taro Burkina Faso and the genetic diversity of an international collection of taro in the world

4 I. Thesis defended - The study of local knowledge and the extent of taro farming in Burkina Faso was done through a survey - collection and ethnobotanical study on the all national territory, with the support of decentralized services of the Ministry of agriculture Taro cultivation is practiced in 19 provinces, in areas north Sudanese and South Sudanese climate

5 I. Thesis defended Taro pluvial Taro pluvial et/ou irrigué - Système de culture pluvial - Système de culture irrigué Tarodière The two main cropping systems - irrigated and rainfed taro are described. Four varieties are recognized by farmers according to the color of the stem and the morphological characteristics of corms and cormels: Koudoubade pelga or Raogo, Koudoubade yalma, Koudoubade miougou or gnanga and Koudoubade sabblega.

6 I. Thesis defended - Twenty-one selected agromorphological characters (11 qualitative and quantitative 10) from the list of IPGRI descriptors were used to characterize 99 farmer s accessions of taro from 13 provinces of Burkina Faso The descriptive and multiple correspondence analysis allowed to describe four local varieties corresponding to three morphotypes according to petiole color : Taro vert Taro pourpre Taro à pétiole panaché Green taro Purple taro Purple taro petiole variegated.

7 I. Thesis defended - The study of genetic diversity concerned 379 accessions from five continents represented by 19 countries, including Burkina Faso, with 11 microsatellite markers selected from 64 markers tested at CIRAD Amériques 19 Europe 6 Asie Center of origin (Pluckne), 1976) Afrique n= 2x 2n= 3x 2n= 2x 52 Océanie

8 I. Thesis defended Groupes génétiques N P(0,95) A Rs Ho He F IS F ST Groupe 1 (BF) 13 63,64 1,72 1,7 0,64 0,34-0,98 Groupe 2 (GH) 72 63,64 2 1,68 0,64 0,33-0,98 Groupe 3 (IN) ,41 0,53 0,77 0,32 Groupe 4 (ID) ,36 5,33 0,57 0,64 0,12 Groupe 5 (MA) 10 81,82 2,72 2,69 0,63 0,48-0,34 Groupe 6 (PH) 12 81,82 4,64 4,21 0,57 0,54-0,07 Groupe 7 (PNG) 12 81,82 5,09 4,59 0,45 0,51 0,12 Groupe 8 (VU) 32 81,82 7,18 4,67 0,49 0,53 0,07 0,18* The observed diversity is dependent on the relative proportion of clonal and sexual reproduction involved in the management of cultivars. Sexual reproduction of taro is still active to varying degrees : important in Asia ( diversity He = 0.54 to 0.77, with a moderate to panmixis F IS = to 0.32 range) and Oceania ( He = 0.51 to 0.53 and F IS = 0.07 to 0.12 ), more limited in the America ( He = 0.48 and F IS = ) and very rare in West Africa ( He = 0, and F IS = )

9 I. Thesis defended A study of the ploidy level was conducted from the profile of the alleles of 354 individuals, and confirmed by the results of previous studies on 40 samples and the method of flow cytometry on 10 accessions of Burkina Faso at CIRAD Analysis of ploidy level by the profile of the alleles indicates that 60 % of the accessions were diploid (212) and 40% were triploid (142) Triploid taro have emerged in India from two distinct gene pools and disseminated to other parts of the world

10 I. Thesis defended The study shows that the supposed diploids accessions of Burkina Faso are genetically very close to those of Ghana (genetic differentiation F ST = ) and relatively close to those of Indonesia and Vanuatu (FST = 0.24) than other countries studied. The genetic basis of taro could be extended in areas of low diversity as Burkina Faso, Ghana and Martinique through the introduction of new varieties from Asia and Oceania Thank you to the following partners that helped achieve the thesis work.

11 II. Finalizing of the selection of the best varieties In 2014, an another agro-morphological characterization was made using descriptors selected by the INEA project to consolidate the results of 2013 Then 13 RAPDs primers were used for the molecular characterization of the introduced varieties

12 II. Finalizing of the selection of the best varieties Table 1: List of 13 RAPDs used Amorces Séquences (5-3 ) Température d hybridation ( C) OPH-01 GGTCGGAGAA 32 OPH-02 TCGGACGTGA 32 OPH-03 AGACGTCCAC 32 OPH-06 ACGCATCGCA 32 OPH-07 CTGCATCGTG 32 OPA-05 AGGGGTCTTG 32 OPA-06 GGTCCCTGAC 34 OPA-07 GAAACGGGTG 32 OPA-08 GTGACGTAGG 32 OPA-09 GGGTAACGCC 34 OPW-03 GTCCGGAGTG 34 OPW-04 CGAAGCGGA 32 OPW-15 ACACCGGAAC 32

13 II. Finalizing of the selection of the best varieties Markers were scored with 1 for presence and 0 for absence of alleles A neighbor joining tree was performed using Dice index with Darwin Software.

14 Legend : Each country is represented by one color Figure 1: Neighbour- joining representadon of the simple matching dissimilarides calculated among the 50 variedes of taro using 7 RAPDs (varieties). DARwin SoPware (2006). Figure 2: Neighbour- joining representadon of the simple matching dissimilarides calculated among the 50 variedes of taro using 7 RAPDs (origin of varieties) DARwin SoPware (2006). The NJ tree shows that RAPDs used were able to distinguish the introduced varieties. It also shows the common origin of certain varieties

15 II. Finalizing of the selection of the best varieties According to some criteria : good taste, high performance (yield), low number of stolons and flowering 20 introduced varieties were selected (Table 2)

16 Table 2: Caracteristics of the introduced varieties selected Vatieties Origin Code SPC COW (Kg) NUS NSU PCO SCO FLO FCO Taste tested at University of Ouagadougou Taste tested by SPC Khamin Thailand CE/THA/ Purple Green Absent White Good Good Klonglan Thailand CE/THA/ Purple Purple Uncommon White Good Acceptable Boklua Thailand CE/THA/ Yellow Yellow Absent White Good Good Srisamrong Thailand CE/THA/ Yellow Yellow Absent Yellow Good Good Maleala Samoa BL/SM/ Yellow Yellow Absent White Good Very good Apia Samoa BL/SM/ Green Purple Absent White Good Very good Alafua Samoa BL/SM/ Red Red Absent Purple Good Very good Matautu Samoa BL/SM/ Green Purple Absent Pink Good Very good Fanuatapu Samoa BL/SM/ Purple Purple Absent White Good Very good Asau Samoa BL/SM/ Green light Green light Prevalent White Acceptable Very good Manono Samoa BL/SM/12O Purple Purple Uncommon White No edible Very good C3-12 PNG BL/PNG/ Green light Green light Uncommon Yellow Acceptable Very good C3-22 PNG BL/PNG/ Green Green Absent Yellow Good Acceptable C2-E3 PNG BL/PNG/ Yellow Yellow Absent Purple Good Good IND218 Indonesia CE/IND/ Green light Green light Absent White Good Good IND 231 Indonesia CE/IND/ Vert-sombre Vert-sombre Uncommon White Acceptable No information Hawai BL/HW/ Green light Green light Absent White Good No edible PExPH15-6 Hawai BL/HW/ Green Purple Prevalent White Acceptable No edible Pa'akala Hawai BL/HW/ Green Green Absent White Good No information BC99-11 Hawai BL/HW/ Green Green Absent White Good Very good FCO SCO PCO NSU NUS COW FLO Flesh color Sheath color Petiole color Number of suckers Number of stolons Corm weight Flowering

17 III. Sending of samples for the physicochemical characterization, drought tolerance studies The samples are being prepared to be sent for physico-chemical characterization and drought tolerance studies

18 IV. Difficulties and prospects -We had some financial difficulties : Generally we receive the funds after the implementation of activities - This year, late transfer of funds did not allow to have enough time to prepare this workshop, especially at the administrative level -We had not been able to recpect our activities program

19 IV. Difficulties and prospects -In 2014, we have not been able to receive Prof. Antoni Ivancic for the hybridizations because we were not ready. - But in 2015, we will prepare ourselves for to receive him

20 I am sorry, I could not make the travel for the INEA workshop at Santo because I had some difficulties. I had a transit visa for Australia but I have not yet the visa of Vanuatu I wish you a good meeting Thank you for your attention