INVASIVE SPECIES MADE BY: RIYA, LAVANYA, ADAI, PRACHI, RUDRA

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1 INVASIVE SPECIES MADE BY: RIYA, LAVANYA, ADAI, PRACHI, RUDRA

2 WHAT ARE INVASIVE SPECIES? Any Kind Of Organism that is not native to an eco system and causes harm to that particular eco system It does not have to come from another country but is considered invasive if it harms the eco system The cutthroat trout is native to the Great Lakes, but is a threat in Yellowstone because it competes with the native Cutthroat for habitat.

3 HOW DO INVASIVE SPECIES SPREAD? Most invasive species are spread unintentionally by human activities. Ships carry aquatic animals in their ballast water. Insects can get into wood products are shipped around the world. Some ornamental plants that are left in the wild can become invasive species. Some invasive species are intentially or accidentally released pets.

4 WHY DO INVASIVE SPECIES POSE A THREAT? It might not have any natural Predators and hence will breed and spread quickly and take over an area. Due to this, it could out compete native species for food and other resources. It could carry or cause a disease that could wipe out or drastically decrease the Population of native wildlife

5 LONG TERM THREATS Changing Food Webs: By destroying or replacing that area s typical food sources, it could change the diet of the native wildlife, causing another species to spread, or it could compete with native wildlife for food. Decreasing Biodiversity: It could alter the diversity and habitat of the native wildlife. For example: The Kudzu plant can reproduce quickly and can replace the biodiversity of that particular area with a monoculture of just Kudzu. Changing the Ecosystem: In some cases, all this could lead to a change in soil chemistry, or increasing wildfires.

6 INVASION CURVE shows how an invasive species spreading becomes less and less easie

7 THE FOUR STAGES OF MANAGING INVASIVE SPECIES. Prevention: Of course, the easiest way to manage invasive species is to prevent them from spreading in the first place.. Eradication: If an Invasive Species is spotted early enough, EDRR (Early detection and rapid response) is effective, but more costly than prevention.. Containment: If, however, an invasive Species is not noticed by the public early on, it will continue to spread and reproduce. Eradication at this stage is highly unlikely, and the focus is then shifted to preventing the species from spreading to new areas.. Resource Protection and Long-Term Management: When a species becomes too widespread to eradicate, the attention is then turned to protecting highly valued resources that might be damaged by this species, and to lower it s population as much as possible.

8 SOME WAYS TO ERADICATE INVASIVE SPECIES anual Control: Destroying Nests, flooding, digging, pulling, removal of hosts. Works best on small populations. Prescribed Fire: Controlled burns to wipe out population in that area. Chemical Control: Use of pesticides, insecticides, Fungicides. Biological Control: Use of other animals or diseases. Usually, the animals come from the creatures native range, and must undergo a period of observation to deem that they are not invasive as well. Cultural Control: Changing the forest structure to control invasive species, or so that if invasion does occur, it will be limited.

9 THE BLACK RAT One Of The First Species To Be Completely Distributed By Man. Originated in Tropical Asia and reached Europe by THE BLACK RAT 1st Century AD. Soon spread all across the world through ships meant for trade Thrives in rural, urban and Suburban areas. Caused the bubonic plague (The Black Death) among many other diseases, and is the cause of the rapid decline and even extinction of many birds and small organisms.

10 THE ASIAN TIGER MOSQUITO It is native to Southeast Asia. It has become one of the most widely spread species, spreading to over 28 countries. It was spread by- believe it or notinternational tire trade. Tires stored outside collect rainwater, and in humid places, this is the ideal breeding spot for mosquitos. It carries diseases like Dengue and West Nile. It feeds 24 hours a day and closely associates with humans.

11 ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE Native to Japan and other neighboring countries First Detected in New York in 1996 The most destructive period is in it s Larval Stage, it tunnels through the parts of trees in between the bark and the wood, and, in large numbers, can destroy the whole tree. It has now spread to California, Ontario and Parts of Europe, and threaten 30-35% of trees on the Atlantic Coast.

12 THE CANE TOAD Native to South and Central America Introduced to Hawaii,the Caribbean, and the Philippines to get rid of pests in Sugarcane. It produced impressive results and was soon shipped around the world. Unfortunately, these frogs then began eating any terrestrial animals they could fit in their mouths, which is saying something, since they grow up to 30 cms long. They also secrete toxins strong enough to kill any animal they come in contact with. (Humans

13 THE NILE PERCH Native to freshwater rivers and lakes in Parts of Africa It was introduced to Lake Victoria in the 1950 s. The population was kept in check for quite a while through commercial fishing. However, in the 1980 s, the population exploded, causing the extinction of hundreds of native species. It caused a devastating impact due to having a voracious appetite of fish, crustaceans, insects, and zooplankton.

14 COTTON WHITEFLY Native to India Grow to be just a Millimeter long However, they feast on 900 different kinds of plants worldwide. They are capable of transmitting upwards of 100 different plant viruses They now thrive on every continent but Antarctica.

15 KUDZU Native to Japan Introduced to USA in 1876 as a fast growing plants that could help in preventing soil erosion. Since its introduction, Kudzu has been spreading across the U.S. at a rate as fast as 150,000 acres annually. This is due primarily to the fact that its individual vines can grow upwards of a foot per day

16 JAPANESE KNOTWEED Brought to the western countries from Asia during the Victorian Era to use as a decorative plant Today, it s the most invasive non-native plant species in the UK, costing the country over a billion pounds so far to eradicate. The Japanese Knotweed spreads very easily, and is immensely hard to eradicate. It also out-competes other native plants, and causes structural damage to roads, sidewalks, and buildings.

17 CHEATGRASS Also Called Bromus Tectorum Native to Europe and Asia Today it is a problem all over USA and Canada It is a major problem in the western USA, where it can completely drive out certain species and cause fires. This is because, with low precipitation, the grass can dry out. So, it adds an abundance of fuel to wildfires. Cheatgrass has smooth, multi-branched stem that can reach 3 to 30 inches in height. It also often produces dense monocultures with around plants per square yard.

18 WATER HYACINTH The plant is native to South America. It is now widespread in Asia, Africa, North America, Australia, and the UK. It was introduced to North America in 1884 If the plant isn t controlled, it can cover an entire lake or pond. This blocks sunlight, which is harmful to organisms underwater, and prevents much oxygen from entering. This is breeding group for mosquitos, which increases the rates of malaria.

19 ADVANTAGES OF INVASIVE SPECIES It might increase the fitness of the native wildlife through hybridization. They could also form positive relationships with the native species. t could also cause Positive Ecological change:- news/carlo2-2011

20 BIBLIOGRAPHY LINK.SPRINGER.COM SCRIBOL NWF.ORG IO9 ZEE NEWS INDIA WIRED.COM ENVIROMENTALSCIENCE.O RG EDIS DNR.WI.GOV

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