THE PERFORMANCE OF IRR SERIES RUBBER CLONES ON TRIAL SCALE AND IN COMMERCIAL PLANTATIONS. Indonesian Rubber Research Institute

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1 THE PERFORMANCE OF IRR SERIES RUBBER CLONES ON TRIAL SCALE AND IN COMMERCIAL PLANTATIONS Sekar Woelan 1, Sayurandi 2, Syarifah Aini Pasaribu 2, and Sigit Ismawanto 3 1 Indonesian Rubber Research Institute 2 Sungei Putih Research Centre 3 Sembawa Research Centre Abstract Increase of rubber productivity is the main factor for rubber commodities to remain competitive and profitable under fluctuating rubber prices. The use of Superior rubber clones is one of the most important technological components that contribute significantly to increase productivity. The superiority of a clone is determined by the genotype and environment of plant growth factors. The physical and biological environment conditions affect the growth and production of plants. The exposure to various agro-ecosystem conditions is required to select of superior clones with good stability or adaptation to specific environments, to ensure optimum productivity. Rubber breeding and selection activities in Indonesia had been covered four generations and produced several potential clones. The fourth-generation rubber clones have great genetic progress in terms of potential for rubber production and fast growth. The fourthgeneration rubber clones are of IRR series 100, 200, 300 and 400. The performance of superior rubber clones is evaluated based on data from Small Scale Clone Trials (SSCT), Promotion Plots Trials, and Large Scale Clone Trials (LSCT)/Adaptation Trials. Some clones of IRR series 100 and 200 such as IRR 112, IRR 118, IRR 220 and IRR 230 can be recommended for planting. The clones IRR 112 and IRR 220 have a good stabilized of growth and production on normal to high rainfall environments, while, IRR 118 and IRR 230 have good growth and production in low rainfall (dry) conditions. IRR 118 and IRR 230 are moderately susceptible to Corynespora leaf fall disease. Some of the IRR 300 and 400 series clones have vigourus growth and high production on SSCT, Promotion Plot Trials and LSCT. These are IRR 302, IRR 309, IRR 406, IRR 420, IRR 425, and IRR 429. The development of these clones on the commercial scale could be done gradually by considering the suitability for different plant growth environments. Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, breeding and selection, growth and productivity, IRR series clones INTRODUCTION The Rubber plant breeding is a continuous effort to produce superior clones with high yield, vigorous growth, resistance to diseases, tolerance to environmental stress and a good latex quality. The progress of rubber breeding is marked by development of advanced clones (Aidi- Daslin, 2004). The potential of superior rubber clones is determined by genetic and 251

2 Proceedings of International Rubber Conference 2017 environmental factors such as physical and biological environmental conditions. The constraints vary greatly according to the location and the environment and so practically the potential of a clone is related to its adaptability. The clones that have different characteristics require different environmental conditions, in order to realize the optimal productivity. Environmental conditions in Indonesia are quite diverse, hence it is necessary to plant superior clones with good adaptability for each specific environment. The national recommendations include several clones selected for each specific location. However only few clones selected for specific areas are utilized. GT 1 was earlier the most dominant clone commercially planted clone and now, more than 60% planting is with PB 260. Rubber breeding activities in Indonesia during four generations ( ) could be increase productivity by five times higher than the production of seedlings. Significant progress in latex yield, improvements in secondary characteristics such as shortening of immature periods, resistance to plant diseases and increase in potential of woody biomass could be achieved. The genetic improvement of plants in these properties, can help the rubber agribusiness to achieve higher production of not only latex but also timber. The fourth generation of breeding activities have produced some superior clones such as IRR 5, IRR 104, IRR 112, IRR 118, and IRR 220, which has been released by the Minister of Agriculture has been planted in the large plantations and smallholdings (Aidi-Daslin et al., 2009). Beside to the recommended clones there are a number promising clones that are still in the promotion trial and large scale clone trial/ adaptation trial such as IRR 200 series and IRR series 300 which are currently in the stage of evaluation for productivity, growth, disease resistance, and latex quality. The results of the evaluation showed that some of the clones had good potential and are gradually developed in some commercial plantations although currently still in a limited area (Woelan et al. 2005; Woelan et al. 2006; Aidi Daslin et al. 2009). The potential of IRR series clones should be utilized as much as possible by the rubber agribusiness in order to improve field productivity and business efficiency. This paper aims to review and evaluate the performance of the IRR series of superior rubber clones as both latex and latex-rubber wood producers and their impact on improving field productivity. 252

3 The performance of IRR series rubber clones on trial scale and in commercial MATERIALS AND METHODS Selection of IRR series clones was carried out gradually from the start of the Promotion Plot Trial, Small Scale Clone Trial, Large Scale Clone Trial and Adaptation Trial. The clones selected were then recommended to be a new superior and promising clone. Evaluation of the performance of promising clones at commercial planting is to be done continuously, integrated with other disciplines. The information from the results of evaluation is very important basis for formulating of recommendation of rubber clones (Aidi Daslin et al., 2000). Based on evaluations at different of trial locations and observations on plantations there are a number of clones that could be developed gradually for commercial planting such as IRR 112, IRR 118, IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211, IRR 220, IRR 307, IRR 309, IRR 318, IRR 425 and IRR 429. The performance and characteristics of the clones are described below so as to assist planters to select suitable clones developed in a particular area, so that the risk of damage due to environmental influences can be minimized. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Performance and Characteristic of Clone Superior Series IRR IRR 100 series clones IRR 112 and IRR 118 were selected from among the IRR 100 series clones. These clones have vigourus growth and the higher rubber yield among the IRR 100 series clones. Both clones have girth average > 45 cm in 4 years and latex yield average of IRR 112 was 52.3 g /t/t (½ S d/2) and 50.0 g/t/t (½ S d / 3 ET. 2.5%) at the age of 9 years. IRR 118 has a rubber production of 43.6 g / p / s (½ S d / 2) and 48.5 g/p/s (½ S d/3 ET. 2.5%). 253

4 Proceedings of International Rubber Conference 2017 Table 1. Growth of two IRR 100 series clones Clone Girth (cm), age/yr Girth increase at immature stage (cm/yr) Girth increase at mature stage (cm/yr) IRR ,4 40,5 50,3 13,2 6,1 IRR ,4 39,9 48,9 13,7 5,2 Table 2. Rubber yield of IRR 112 and IRR 118 with tapping system of ½ S d/2 and ½ S d/3 ET. 2.5 % on observation scale in plantation Clone IRR 112 IRR 118 Tapping Yield (g/t/t), age/yr system Average ½ S d/ ½ S d/3 ET. 2,5 % ½ S d/ ½ S d/3 ET. 2,5 % Description of the IRR series 100 clones IRR 112 IRR 112 is the result of crossing between the parent clones IAN 873 x RRIC 110. This clone had been recommended for commercial scale planting since in It shows vigourus growth in immature and mature stages and is resistant to Corynespora leaf fall disease, moderately resistant to Oidium, Corticium salmonicolor, and Colletotrichum. The IRR 112 clone show stablity of growth at different agroecosystems. The opening for tapping could be achieved in 4 years under optimal conditions, with the potential for wood biomass of 1.05 m3/tree at 20 years. The average dry rubber yield (kg/ha) achieved at adaptation trial was 22.5 tons during 9 years of tapping. The IRR 112 clone shows good adaptation to the wider agro-ecosystem conditions, both in areas with low and high rainfall. Latex from clone IRR 112 is suitable to be processed to concentrated latex, RSS, SIR 3L, SIR 3WF and SIR 5. Mature plants had straight growth and the surface of the stem was slightly grooved. The leaves are glossy with wavy leaf edges. IRR 118 IRR 118 was derived from the cross between LCB 1320 x FX 2784 parent clones. This clone had been recommended for commercial scale planting since This clone, has vigorous growth at immature and mature periods and is resistant to Oidium leaf fall disease, but moderately 254

5 The performance of IRR series rubber clones on trial scale and in commercial resistant to Corynespora, Colletotrichum and Corticium salmonicolor. The growth for tapping could be achieved in 4 years. The potential of wood production is 08 m3/tree at 20 years. Total dry rubber yield achieved at adaptation trial was average 18.3 tons/ha in 9 years of tapping. The IRR 118 clone had widely varied production at the adaptation trial locations and this clone was better adaptated to agroecosystem conditions with low rainfall. Latex of IRR 118 is suitable for processing of concentrated latex, RSS, SIR 3CV Medium, SIR 3L and SIR 5. The stem is straight with red spot colour, and the shape of leaf blade is oval. IRR 200 Series Clones Some IRR 200 series clones like IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211, and IRR 220 had vigourus growth in 4 years. The average dry rubber yield on 8 years of tapping is 60 g/t/t under ½ S d/3 ET. 2.5% tapping system. Table 3. The growth of various clones of IRR 200 series on trial scale Clones Girth (cm), age/yr Girth increase Immature stage (cm/yr) Girth increase mature stage (cm/yr) IRR IRR IRR IRR Table 4. The yield of some of IRR 200 series clones under (1/2 S d2) and½ S d/3 ET 2.5% tapping systems on plot promotion trial Clone IRR 207 IRR 208 IRR 211 IRR 220 Tapping Yield (g/t/t) system average ½ S d/ ½ S d/3 ET. 2,5 % ½ S d/ ½ S d/3 ET. 2,5 % ½ S d/ , ½ S d/3 ET. 2,5 % , ½ S d/ , ½ S d/3 72, , ET. 2,5 %

6 Proceedings of International Rubber Conference 2017 Description of IRR 200 Series IRR 207 IRR 207 was the result of crossing between BMP 24 x IAN 873. This clone has vigourus growth during immature and moderate growth in mature stages. It is classified as resistant to Oidium and Corynespora and moderately resistant to Colletotrichum leaf fall disease. Under optimal conditions trees could be opened for tapping at years. The potential of rubberwood predicated is 0.83 m3/tree at 20 years. Rubber yield achieved by tapping system ½ S d/3 ET. 2.5% on limited scale in plantations is 20.7 tons/ha during 8 years of tapping. The colour of latex was yellowish white and suitable for processing to produce RSS, SIR 3WF and SIR 5. This clone is well adapted to moderate to high rainfall. If planted on wind prone areas canopy management should be done. The density of crown is moderate with the gradual leaf fall pattern. This clone has a cylindrical stem with a smooth surface and the points of former branch growth are rather prominant. The main and secondary branches are small (conical type) and self prunning. IRR 208 IRR 208 clone was the result of crossing between BPM 24 x IAN 873. This clone has moderate growth during immature and mature periods It is resistant to Oidium and Corynespora and moderately resistant to Colletotrichum leaf fall disease. Under optimal conditions it could be opened for tapping at years The potential of wood yield is about 0.80 m3/tree at an age of 20 years. The yield of dry rubber recorded by adopting tapping system ½ S d/3. ET 2.5 on limited planting in plantations for 8 years was 21.1 tons/ha. Latex colour is white and suitable for processing concentrated latex products, RSS, SIR 3CV medium, SIR 3L and SIR 5. This clone is well adapted to moderate and high rainfall. The mature plants have moderate growth with cylindrical shaped, smooth, flat and straight stem. This clone has moderate tolerance to wind management of canopy is necessary in wind prone areas. The density of the crown is moderate with gradual leaf fall pattern. The main branching is column type with 1-3 and medium-sized branches. 256

7 The performance of IRR series rubber clones on trial scale and in commercial IRR 211 Clone IRR 211 is the result of crossing between PB 260 x IAN 873. This clone has vigourus growth at immature and moderate growth at mature stages. It shows resistance to Oidium, Colletotrichum, and Corynespora leaf fall diseases. It can be opened for tapping at the age of years in optimal conditions. The potential of rubberwood yield is about 0.76 m3/tree at 20 years. Dry rubber yield achieved is 22.0 tonnes/ha by tapping under ½ S d/3 ET. 2.5 % system on a small scale plantation for 8 years. Latex has yellowish colour and can be processed to RSS, SIR 3 WF, SIR 5. This clone is well adapted to moderate and high rainfall. Mature trees show medium growth with cylindrical shaped stem, and smooth skin surface. Stem grows slightly crooked and is coloumn shaped with 1-3 branches. IRR 220 The IRR 220 clone is the result of crossing between PB 260 x IAN 873. It is recommended for commercial planting from This clone, has vigourus growth at immature and moderate growth at mature stages. It shows moderate to resistant reaction to Oidium and Corynespora and moderate to Colletotrichum and Corticium salmonicolor. Under optimal conditions it could be opened for tapping at years. Potential for timber production is about 0.60 m3/tree at 20 years. Production of dry rubber achieved in adaptation trial is 23.7 tons/ha in 8 years with tapping system ½ S d/3 ET 2.5%. Latex can be processed to produce concentrated latex, RSS, SIR 3 WF and SIR 5. This clone is well adapted to moderate to high rainfall. Mature plants have very vigorous growth, so if planted in wind prone areas canopy management should be done. This clones has smooth stem surface with marked branch growth. The main and secondary branches are small and are self pruning. The density of the plant canopy is moderate. IRR 300 Series Clones The IRR 300 series clones IRR 307, IRR309 and IRR 319 have vigorous growth and their girth reached about 45 cm in 4 years. The average rubber yield was > 48 g/t/t when tapped for 7 years. 257

8 Proceedings of International Rubber Conference 2017 Table 5. Growth of various IRR 300 series on promotion plot trial Clone Girth (cm), age/yr Girth increase Girth increase immature (cm/yr) mature (cm/yr) IRR IRR IRR Table 6. Production of IRR 300 series clones with tapping system ½ S d/3. ET. 2.5% on promotion plot trial Clone Yield (g/t/t), age/yr Average IRR IRR IRR Description of IRR 300 Series IRR 307 IRR 307 is the result of crossing between PB 260 x RRIC 102. This clone shows very vigorous growth at immature period and moderate growth at mature period. It is resistant to Colletotrichum and Corynespora and moderately resistant to Oidium leaf fall diseases. Under optimal conditions it could be opened for tapping at years, The predicated timber yield potential is about 0.71 m3/tree at 20 years. Production of dry rubber is 15.7 tons/ha in ½ S d/3. ET 2.5% system of tapping during 7 years. The latex is yellowish white colour and can be processed to produce RSS, SIR 3 WF and SIR 5. This clone is well adapted to low to high rainfall. Mature plants have slightly sloping growth. The density of the crown leaf is moderate with gradual pattern of leaf fall. This clone has cylindrical stem and smooth surface with fork type branches. IRR 309 IRR 309 is the result of crossing between PB 260 x F This clone has vigourus growth at immature period and moderate growth at mature period. It is resistant to Colletotrichum and Corynespora and moderately resistant to Oidium leaf fall diseases. The trees could be opened for tapping at years. The potential of wood production is about 0.68 m3/tree at 20 years. The yield of dry rubber is about 18.7 tons/ha during 7 years on using the tapping system ½ S d/3. ET 2.5 %. 258

9 The performance of IRR series rubber clones on trial scale and in commercial The latex colour is white and could be processed to concentrated latex, RSS, SIR 3 CV medium and SIR 5. This clone is well adapted to moderate to high rainfall. Growth rate is high, so if planted in wind prone areas canopy management should be done. The density of the crown leaf is moderate with gradual leaf fall ly pattern. This clone has a cylindrical stem with a smooth surface and marked branch growth. The primary and secondary branches are small (conical) and self prunning. IRR 318 IRR 318 is the result of crossing between BPM 101 x RRIC 110. This clone has moderate growth during immature and mature periods and is classified as resistant to Colletotrichum and Corynespora and moderately resistant to Oidium leaf fall disease. Under optimal conditions trees could be opened for tapping at years. The potential of rubber wood yield is about 0.73 m3 /tree at 20 years The yield of dry rubber is about 17.7 ton/ha during 8 years on adopting ½S d/3 ET 2.5 % tapping system. The latex is yellowish white and could be processed to RSS, SIR 3WF and SIR 5. This clone is well adapted to moderate to high rainfall. In wind prone areas canopy management should be done. The density of the crown is moderate with gradual leaf fall. This clone has a cylindrical stem with a smooth surface and marked branch growth. The main and secondary branches are small (conical) and self prunning. IRR 400 Series Clone The IRR 400 series clones, IRR 425 and IRR 429 are vigorous in growth,. The girth of these clones is about 49.0 cm when 4-year old. The clones have good yield potential with an average rubber yield about > 55 g/t/t at 5 years of tapping. Table 7. Growth of IRR 400 series on Small Scale Clone Trial Girth (cm)/yr Girth Increase Girth increase Clone immature (cm/yr) mature (cm/yr) IRR IRR

10 Proceedings of International Rubber Conference 2017 Table 8. The yield of IRR 400 series clones tapped by ½ S d/3. ET 255% system on Small Scale Clone Trial Clone Yield (g/t/t)/ yr Average IRR IRR Description of IRR 400 Series IRR 425 IRR 425 clone is result of crossing between IAN 873 X ORTET 20. This clone is having moderate growth with increasing girth at immature and mature periods. This clone is susceptible to Colletotrichum, moderately susceptible to Oidium and Corynespora. At optimal conditions trees could be opened at of years. The of dry rubber yield is about 77.1 g/t/t by tapping on½ S d/3 ET. 2.5 % system during 5 years. Mature plants planted in wind prone areas should be done canopy management. The density of the crown leaf is moderate with the gradual leaf fall pattern. This clone has a cylindrical stem with a smooth surface and marked branch growth. The main and secondary branches are small (conical) and is self pruning. IRR 429 IRR 429 is the result of crossing between IRR 111 X PB 260. This clone has vigourus growth with increasing girth at the immature and mature stages.. This clone is classified as resistant to Colletotrichum and Oidium, and moderately resistant to Corynespora leaf fall diseases. At optimal conditions trees could be opened for tapping at 4 years. Production of dry rubber is about 55.3 g /t/t by ½ S d/3 ET. 2.5% tapping system at 5 years. Mature plants have rising growth, so if planted in wind prone areas, canopy managemen should be done. The density of the crown leaf is moderate with the gradual leaf fall pattern. CONCLUSION The performance of IRR 112 and IRR 220 clones were quite stable both in plant growth and rubber yield on normal to high rainfall environments. IRR 118 and IRR 230 have vigourus growth and high rubber yield on high rainfall conditions. IRR 118 and IRR 230 are 260

11 The performance of IRR series rubber clones on trial scale and in commercial classified into moderately resistant to susceptable to Corynespora leaf fall disease. IRR 300 and IRR 400 series clones( IRR 307, IRR 309, IRR 425, and IRR 429) had vigourus growth and high potential of rubber yield in Small Scale Clone Trial, Plot Promotion Trial and Large Scale Clone Trial. The development of clones on commercial planting is to be carried out gradually considering the suitability of environment. REFERENCE Aidi Daslin, I. Suhendry dan R. Azwar. (1997). Produktivitas perkebunan karet dalam hubungannya dengan jenis klon dan agroklimat. Kumpulan Makalah Apresiasi Teknologi Peningkatan Produktivitas Lahan Perkebunan Karet : Aidi Daslin. I. Suhendry and R. Azwar. (2000). Growth characteristics and yield performance of recommended clones in commercial planting. Proc. Indonesian Rubb. Conf. and IRRDB Symp. 2000, Aidi-Daslin, S.Woelan, M.Lasminingsih dan H. Hadi. (2009). Kemajuan pemuliaan dan seleksi tanaman karet di Indonesia. Pros. Lok. Nas. Pemuliaan Tanaman Karet 2005; Basuki, S.Pawirosoemardjo, U.Nasution, Sutardi, W.Sinulingga dan A. Situmorang. (1990). Penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum pada tanaman karet di Indonesia. Potensi, Penyebaran dan Penanggulangannya. Pros. Lok. Nas. Pemuliaan Tanaman Karet 1990, Darmandono. (1996). Pengaruh elevasi terhadap produktivitas karet. Jurnal Penelitian Karet. 1996, 14(1) : Soekirman P., H. Soepena dan A. Situmorang. (1992). Sebaran penyakit utama tanaman karet di Indonesia. Pros. Lok. Nas. Pemuliaan Tanaman Karet 1992, Sugiyanto, Y., H. Sihombing dan Darmandono. (1998). Pemetaan agroklimat dan tingkat kesesuaian lahan perkebunan karet. Pros. Lok. Pemuliaan 1998 & Diskusi Prospek Karet Alam Abad 21, Thomas. (1994). Aspek hidrologi pada perkebunan karet. Warta Pusat Penelitian Karet, 15(1) :

12 Proceedings of International Rubber Conference 2017 Woelan, S., Aidi-Daslin, I.Suhendry, dan M.Lasminingsih. (2005). Evaluasi keragaan klon karet IRR seri 100 dan 200. Pros. Lok. Nas. Pemuliaan Tanaman Karet 2005; Woelan, S., Aidi Daslin dan I.Suhendry. (2006). Potensi keunggulan klon karet generasi IV seri IRR. Pros. Lok. Nas. Budidaya Tanaman Karet 2006,

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