A PROFILE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN FORESTRY MARKET VALUE CHAIN

Transcription

1 A PROFILE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN FORESTRY MARKET VALUE CHAIN 2016 Directorate Marketing Tel: Private Bag X 15 Fax: Arcadia MogalaM@daff.gov.za

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY Production trends Employment status in WORLD CONSUMPTION TRENDS MARKET STRUCTURE Export volumes of forestry and wood products Share Analysis Import volumes of forestry and wood products MARKET VALUE CHAIN MARKET ACCESS MARKET INTELLIGENCE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS ROLE PLAYERS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

3 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY South Africa is lightly forested with 1.3 million hectares, in terms of land use or about 1% of the total South African land area of 122,4 million ha. In some arid regions, forests are found on the river banks or within protected kloofs of South African land scape. These forests are scattered eastwards from the Cape Peninsula through the Outeniqua and Tsitsikama Mountains of the Western Cape Province with 4.0% in terms of hectorage, the coast of the Eastern Cape at 11.6%, into KwaZulu-Natal at 39.9%. Northwards, forests are distributed along Drakensburg Mountains and KwaZulu-Natal. Mpumalanga Province is the biggest producer of forest and wood products at 40.5% and Limpopo Province at 3.9%. Forestry and wood products provides a range of wood and non-wood products, as well as social and environmental services, such as the conservation of soil, water and biological diversity. Wood and wood products as the main commercial products of forests include fuel wood and charcoal (particularly important in developing countries. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) region in general specializes in raw commodities, which are subject to international commodity prices. Of course these commodities need to be marketed as effectively as possible so that they can benefit SADC countries as foreign exchange earners. Forestry and wood based products are categorized according to the harmonized system (HS), an international method for classifying products for trade purposes. Categories are as follows: plantation forestry, wood chip, sawmilling, wood charcoal, timber board, mining timber, paper (Newsprint) paper (kraftliner) and poles and treated poles Production trends The total commercial timber plantation area in 2015 period was hectares as compared to hectares in 2007/2008 period. The private sector ownership timber plantations accounts for 83% of the total plantation area in Pine species cover approximately (50.6%), Eucalyptus cover about 41.8%, Wattle is at 7.0% and other is at 0.4%. The value of pulp sales from primary processing plants during the 2011 period was estimated at R11.5 billion, lumber at R5.0 billion, wood chips at 1.6 billion, panels at R2.0 billion, mining timber R400 million and other unspecified primary processing plants was estimated at R1.3 billion. The conversion from one specie to another specie was (8 230 ha) in 2015 as compared to hectares whilst the conversion from forestry to other agricultural uses was (823 ha) in 2015 as compared to 697 hectares. Total new afforestation amounted to ( ha) between 1980 and 2015 period. 3

4 Figure 1: Plantation area by Provinces in % 3.9% 4.0% 40.5% 39.9% Mpumalanga KwaZulu Natal Eastern Cape Limpopo Western Cape Source: DAFF, Forestry Branch Figure 1 depicts provincial plantation areas in South Africa during The graph further depicts that Mpumalanga was the most producing province in terms of forestry and wood production with 40.5% share, followed by KwaZulu-Natal with 39.9% share, Eastern Cape with 11.6% share, Western Cape with 4.0% and Limpopo with 3.9% share. Wattle 7% Figure 2: Plantantion by species in 2015 Other 0% Eucalyptus 42% Pine 51% Pine Eucalyptus Wattle Other Source: DAFF Forestry Branch Figure 2 shows plantation areas by species that were planted in South Africa during The graph further shows that South Africa planted about 51 percent of pine in 2015, followed by 42% of Eucalyptus, 7% was wattle and o.4% was other species. 4

5 Figure 3: Plantation by Ownership in 2015 Corporate SAFCOL Commercial farmer State/ Municipal Corporate (Ex Safcol) Small growers 12% 4% 7% 50% 17% 10% Source: DAFF Forestry Branch Figure 3 indicates plantation areas by ownership in South Africa during The graph further indicates that Corporate owned the largest percentage of forestry plantations at 50.0% followed by Commercial farmers at 17.2%, Corporates (ex-safcol) at 11.7%, Safcol at 10.4% and the state at 7.0%. The figure indicates that only 3.7% of forestry and wood products were owned by small growers in South Africa. Table 1: Comparison of different plantations by South African provinces between 2014 and Province Afforested Area Afforested Area Private (ha) % Public (ha) % Limpopo Mpumalanga KwaZulu-Natal Western Cape TOTAL Source: DAFF Forestry Branch Table 1 shows comparison between provinces with plantation areas and hectares of land under private and public land areas during 2014 / 2015 period. The table further shows that in both 2014 and 2015 years, KwaZulu-Natal Province dominated in terms of the size of afforested areas at about 58.4% respectively. Mpumalanga Province was the second largest with 36.2% in 2014 and 0.00 in 2015 in terms of the afforested areas. The third biggest was the Eastern Cape Province with 1.8% in 2014 and 0.00% in 2015 in terms of the areas planted. 5

6 1.2. Employment status in 2015 The forestry industry is of considerable importance to the national economy and to large numbers of poor people living in remote rural areas. The forestry and wood products industry has forward and backward linkages in the South African economy. The forest products industry in the country, contributing some 9% to the overall export of manufactured goods and earning net foreign exchange of approximately R25.76 billion in The net foreign exchange has increased by 23% as compared to 2014 trade year. Total forestry employment in South Africa equals people, of which is estimated as direct jobs, indirect employment is estimated at and are small growers and their helpers. Downstream value adding: It is estimated that people are dependent on plantation forestry for their livelihoods. 2. WORLD CONSUMPTION TRENDS Although suitable and cost-competitive substitutes for wood, made for example from fossil fuels, are increasingly becoming available, woods major advantage is the fact that it is environmentally friendly. On the other hand, significant forecast felling aids environmental degeneration by contributing to the increase in atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide. Between 1980 and 1995, forestlands decreased by almost 200 million hectares in developing countries and increased by only about 20 million hectares in developed countries, resulting in a net loss of 180 million hectares. Developed countries produce and consume almost 80% of the world s industrial wood. Approximately one quarter of all industrial wood enters international trade and about 80% of both exports and imports of forest products come from developed countries. However, developing countries, notably in Asia and Latin America, are becoming significant where trade in forest products is concerned. Since such trade is expected to increase in future, it will be necessary to offset projected wood deficits, as shown in the table below. Table 2: Forecast of the world timber supply between REGION Oceania (New Zealand & Australia) South America North & Central America Europe and the Baltics Asia Africa Russia Top supply 1,461 1,616 Forecast demand 1,801 2,100 Forecast shortfall Source: TIPS 6

7 Export quantity (tons) Table 2 indicates forecast of the world timber supply by regions between 2010 and 2020 period. The future demand for wood will be driven by global population growth, increasing living standards and wood s cost competitiveness relative to substitute products. Table 2 further indicates projections of wood supply and demand across the globe from 2010 to The main suppliers will clearly still be the Northern Hemisphere countries, followed by Asia and South America. Given the forecast demand for wood, SADC has an opportunity to increase its wood supply into world markets over this period. The forecast also gives an indication of countries and regions which might be future potential markets for SADC countries. 3. MARKET STRUCTURE Major export volumes of paper, wood and articles of wood from South Africa to the world mainly landed in Africa and fewer volumes landed in Asia, Americas, Europe and Oceania during the period between 2006 and Export volumes of forestry and wood products Figure 4 indicates volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) export from South Africa to various regions of the world between 2006 and Source: Quantec EasyData The figure indicates that between 2006 and 2015, the major export market for newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) from South Africa to the world was Africa, followed by very low or intermittent levels of exports to the Americas. The figure also indicates that in 2006, there was no export volume of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) from South Africa to the world except for Africa due to the short supply that was experienced by the country during that period. The figure further indicates that export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) from South Africa to Africa started to increase in Figure 4: Export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) to the world Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Period (Years)

8 Export quanity (tons) until a peak was attained in 2010 at an export quantity of about tons. The figure also indicates that between 2011 and 2014, there was a consistent decline in exports volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) from South Africa to Africa of about tons. The slight decline in export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) from South Africa to Africa represents 3.37% in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 5 shows export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) exports from South Africa to Africa between 2006 and Figure 5: Export volumes of newsprint paper i(n rolls or sheets) to Africa Eastern Africa Rest Middle Africa Rest Northern Africa Western Africa SADC (excluding SACU) SACU (Excluding RSA) Period (Years) Source: Quantec EasyData The graph shows that newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) exports from South Africa to Africa went to SADC, followed by Eastern Africa and Western Africa between 2006 and The graph also shows that export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) from South Africa to SADC attained a peak in 2011 at an export quantity of approximately tons, while export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) from South Africa to Eastern Africa attained a peak in 2008 and 2010 respectively at an export quantity of approximately and tons respectively. The graph further shows that export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) from South Africa to Western Africa attained a peak in 2010 at an export quantity of approximately tons. The graph also shows that in 2006, there were no export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa into SACU, Northern Africa and Middle Rest Africa due to the short supply that was experienced by the country during that period. The graph further shows that export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to SADC, Eastern and Western Africa experienced a decline in 2012 and The slight decline in export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to SADC represents 9.20% in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 6 depicts export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to the SADC region between 2006 and

9 Export quantity (tons) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 6: Export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) to SADC excluding SACU Angola Democratic Republic of the Congo Mauritius Malawi Mozambique United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Period (Years) The graph further depicts that newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) export volumes from South Africa to SADC went to Zimbabwe, followed by Zambia and United Republic of Tanzania between 2006 and The graph also depicts that export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to Zimbabwe attained a peak in 2011 at an export quantity of approximately tons, while those to Zambia attained a peak in 2012 at an export quantity of approximately tons. Export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to United Republic of Tanzania attained a peak in 2008 at an export quantity of approximately tons. The graph also depicts that in 2005, there were no export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to the Angola due to the short supply that was experienced by the country during that period. The graph further depicts that export volumes of newsprint paper from South Africa to Zimbabwe experienced a decline of 30.20% in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 7 illustrates volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) export from South Africa to Asia between 2006 and

10 Export quantity (tons) Figure 7: Export volumes of newaprint paper (in rolls or sheets) to Asia South-central Asia South-eastern Asia Western Asia Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The figure illustrates that between 2006 and 2015, South-eastern Asia commanded the greatest market share of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) exports from South Africa to Asia, followed by Southcentral Asia and Western Asia. The figure also illustrates that newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) export volumes from South Africa to South-eastern Asia started to increase substantially in 2009 with export volume of 446 tons, followed by decline in 2010 of 50 tons and a peak was attained in 2011 at an export volume of approximately tons. The figure also illustrates that newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) export volumes from South Africa to South-central Asia started to increase substantially in 2011 and at the same time attained a peak at an export quantity of approximately 743 tons. The figure further illustrates that, from 2006 to 2007, again in 2012 and 2014; there were no export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to South-eastern, South-central and Western Asia. The figure also illustrates that there was no growth (0.00%) in exports of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) from South Africa to South-eastern Asia in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 8 reflects export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) exports from South Africa to the Americas between 2006 and

11 Export quantity (tons) Figure 8: Export volumes of newsprint paper (rolls or sheet) to Americas South America NAFTA Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph reflects that the major market for newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) exports from South Africa to Americas was South America, followed by very low or intermittent levels of export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to NAFTA during the period under scrutiny. The graph also reflects that export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to South America started to increase in 2008 and at the same time attained a peak at approximately tons. In 2011, a peak was again attained at an export quantity of approximately tons. The graph further reflects that, from 2006 to and 2007, there were no export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to Americas (South America and NAFTA) during the period under scrutiny. The graph also reflects that South Africa managed to export newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) to NAFTA only in 2011 at approximately 589 tons. The graph also reflects that there was 100% increase in export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to NAFTA in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. The graph also reflects that there was 100% increase in exports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to South America in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 9 below shows export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) exports from South Africa to Europe between 2006 and

12 Export quantity (tons) Figure 9: Export volumes of newsprint (in rolls or sheets) to Europe European Union Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph shows that the major market for newsprint paper i(n rolls or sheets) exports from South Africa to Europe was European Union, with no competition from other European regions between 2006 and The graph also shows that export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to the European Union started to increase in 2007 to 20 tons, followed by a sharp increase in 2008 of 200 tons until a peak was attained in 2009 at an export quantity of approximately 425 tons. The graph also shows that between 2010 and 2011 period, there was a sharp and consistent decline in export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to European Union. The graph further shows that in 2006, there were no export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to Europe. The graph also shows that in 2012, South Africa s export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) to the European Union experienced a slight increase of 48 tons and again in 2013 and 2015 a decline occurred of approximately 33 tons. The graph further illustrates the increase in export volumes of 66 tons to European Union in The decline in export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to the European Union represents 50% in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 10 indicates volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) exports from South Africa to the European Union between 2006 and

13 Export quantity (tons) Figure 10: Export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) to the European Unioin Belgium France United Kingdom Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph shows that the major market for newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) exports from South Africa to Europe was United Kingdom followed by France between 2006 and The graph also indicates that export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to the United Kingdom started to increase in 2008 and 2009 to 200 tons. The peak was attained by United Kingdom at an export quantity of approximately 200 tons in 2008 and 2009 respectively. The graph also indicates that between 2011 and 2013, there was a sharp decline in exports volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to United Kingdom and Belgium to approximately 16 and 17 tons respectively. The graph further indicates that between 2005 and 2006, there were no exports of newsprint paper, in rolls and sheets from South Africa to the European Union countries. The graph further indicates that export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to United Kingdom experienced a decline in 2011 and a slight increase of about 17 tons in 2012 and again in 2013 a decline occurred. The figure indicates that export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to United Kingdom experienced a no growth of 0.00% in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 11 shows volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) exports in logs from South Africa to various regions between 2006 and

14 Export quantity (tons) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 11: Export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs to the world Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Period (Years) The figure indicates that between 2006 and 2015, the major markets for fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to the world landed mainly in Europe, followed by very low or intermittent exports to Africa, Asia and Americas. Export volumes of fuel wood, in logs from South Africa to Europe started with approximately tons, with a consistent decline between 2006 and 2007 to lower levels of about 792 tons. The figure also shows that in 2008, export volumes of fuel wood, in logs experienced surge and at the same time attained a peak at an export volume of approximately tons. In 2010 and 2011, export volumes of fuel wood, in logs from South Africa to Europe decrease dramatically to lower levels of approximately and tons respectively during the period under examination. The figure further shows that export volumes of fuel wood, in logs from South Africa to Europe experienced a second peak in 2011 at an export volume of approximately tons during the same period under observation. The figure further shows that in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, there were no export volumes of fuel wood (in logs) from South Africa to Europe. The figure also shows that there was no growth (0.00%) in export volumes of fuel wood (in logs) from South Africa to Europe in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 12 depicts export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Africa between 2006 and

15 Export quantity (tons) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 12: Export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs to Africa Eastern Africa Rest SADC (excluding SACU) SACU (Excluding RSA) Period (Years) The graph depicts that between 2006 and 2015, SADC commanded the greatest market share of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs export volumes from South Africa to Africa, followed by the Eastern Africa between 2004 and The figure also depicts that between 2006 and 2008; export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Eastern Africa experienced very low or intermittent levels of export volumes of fuel wood (in logs) of below 1 ton per annum. The graph further depicts that export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs started to increase in 2009 to approximately 21 tons and a peak was attained in 2010 at an export quantity of approximately tons. The graph also depicts that during the period under review, export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to SADC attained a peak in 2010 and 2011 at approximately 605 and 611 tons respectively. Between 2006 and 2008, export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to SADC experienced very low or intermittent export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs of below 130 tons per annum. The graph further depicts that from 2012 to 2015, there were no export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to the African regions. There was no growth (0.00%) in exports of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Eastern Africa in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 13 above indicates export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Asia between 2006 and

16 Export quantity (tons) Export quantity (tons) Western Asia Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 13: Export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs to Asia Period (Years) The figure indicates that between 2006 and 2015, the major export destination for fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Asia was Western Asia, followed by very low or intermittent levels of export volumes to South-eastern Asia. The figure also indicates that export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Western Asia attained a peak in 2009 at an export volume of approximately tons. The graph also indicates that export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Western Asia saw a sharp or a dramatic decline of up to 400 tons in 2010 and 2011 period respectively. The figure further indicates that between 2012 and 2015 of the period under examination, there were no export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to both Western Asia and South-eastern Asia. There was no growth (0.00%) in exports of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Western Asia in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 14 below illustrates export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Europe between 2006 and Source: Quantec EasyData 16 Figure 14: Export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs to Europe Southern Europe European Union Period (Years)

17 Export quantity (tons) The figure illustrates that between 2006 and 2015, the major export destination for fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Europe was the European Union, followed by very low or intermittent levels of exports to Southern Europe. The figure also illustrates that exports of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to the European Union started in 2006 with 5 100, followed by a consistent decline in 2007 of below 793 tons. The figure also illustrates that export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to European Union experienced a surge of export volumes in 2008 and at the same time attained a peak both in 2008 and 2011 at export volumes of approximately and tons respectively. The figure also illustrates that export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to European Union experienced a sharp decline in 2009 and 2010 of approximately and tons during the period under observation. In 2012 and 2013, the figure further illustrates that there were no export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to both European Union and Southern Europe. There was no growth (0.00%)in export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to European Union in 2015 as compared to marketing season. Figure 15 illustrates export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to European Union between 2006 and Source: Quantec EasyData The figure illustrates that the major export destination for fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to European Union were mostly commanded by Netherlands followed by the United Kingdom, Belgium and Germany. The figure also illustrates that the export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Netherlands started to increase in 2008 and at the same time attained a peak of approximately tons. The figure further illustrates that in 2007 and again between 2012 and 2015, there were no export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Netherlands. The figure also illustrates that export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to United Kingdom attained a peak in 2011 with approximately tons. The figure further illustrates that there was no growth (0.00%) in export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South Africa to Netherlands in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. 17 Figure 15: Export volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs to European Union Belgium Germany United Kingdom Netherlands Period (Years)

18 Export quantity (tons) Figure 16 shows volumes of hoopwood (split poles) exports from South Africa to various regions between 2006 and Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 16: Export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) to the world Africa Americas Asia Europe Period (Years) The graph shows that between 2006 and 2015, the major market for hoopwood (split poles) exports from South Africa to the world was Africa, followed by Asia and very low or intermittent levels of export volumes to Europe. The graph also shows that export volumes of hoopwood (split poles from South Africa to Africa started with 445 tons in 2006, followed by sharp decline in 2007 of approximately 143 tons. The graph also shows that export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Africa attained a peak in 2013 at an export quantity of about tons. The graph further shows that export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Asia experienced a dramatic decline between 2009 and 2013 to lower levels of below tons per annum in The graph also shows that export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Asia attained a peak also in 2009 at an export quantity of about tons. The slight increase in export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Africa represents 2.4% in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 17 below reflects export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Africa between 2006 and

19 Export quantity (tons) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 17: Export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) to Africa Eastern Africa Rest Middle Africa Rest Western Africa SADC (excluding SACU) SACU (Excluding RSA) Period (Years) The figure reflects from 2006 to 2015, the major market for hoopwood (split poles) exports from South Africa to Africa was SADC, followed by Western Africa and very low export volumes to Eastern Africa. The figure also reflects that export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to SADC started to increase substantially in 2013 and at the same time attained a peak at an export quantity of about tons. The figure further reflects that export volume of hoopwood from South Africa to Western Africa started in 2006 and at the same time attained a peak at an export quantity of about tons. Export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Eastern Africa attained a peak in 2011 at export quantities of about tons. The dramatic increase in export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to the SADC region in 2015 represents 9.86% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 18 below depicts export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) to SADC between 2006 and

20 Export quantity (tons) Angola Mauritius Mozambique Seychelles Zambia Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 18: Export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) to SADC excluding SACU Period (Years) The figure depicts that between 2006 and 2015, major export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to SADC went to Angola, followed by Mozambique and Mauritius. The figure also depicts that export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Angola started to increase in 2013 and at the same time attained a peak of about tons. The figure also depicts that in 2010, export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Mozambique started to increase in 2011 until a peak was attained in 2012 at an export quantity of about tons. The figure further depicts that export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Mauritius attained a peak in 2014 at an export volume of about tons. The figure further depicts that exports of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Seychelles were very low or intermittent between 2006 and The dramatic decline in export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Angola in 2015 represents 100% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 19 illustrates export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Americas between 2006 and

21 Export quantity (tons) NAFTA Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 19: Export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) to Americas Period (Years) The graph illustrates that between 2006 and 2015, NAFTA was the main export destination for hoopwood (split poles) export volumes from South Africa to Americas. The figure also illustrates that between 2006 and 2015; export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to NAFTA attained a peak in 2008 at an export quantity of about 130 tons. The figure further illustrates that during the period under review, there were no exports of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to NAFTA between 2006 and 2007 and again between 2011 and The decline in exports of hoopwood from South Africa to NAFTA in 2011, 2012 and 2013 represents 100% as compared to 2010 marketing season. However in 2015, the export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa started to rise to 54 tons. The increase in export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to NAFTA in 2015 represents 200% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 20 illustrates export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Asia between 2006 and

22 Export quantity (tons) Figure 20 : Export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) of Asia Eastern Asia South-central Asia South-eastern Asia Western Asia Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph illustrates that between 2006 and 2015, South- eastern Asia was the main export destination for hoopwood (split poles) export volumes from South Africa to Asia, followed by Western and Eastern Asia. The graph also illustrates that during the period under examination, export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to South-eastern Asia started to increase in 2008 until a peak was attained in 2009 at an export quantity of about 474 tons. The figure further illustrates that during the period under review, export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to South-eastern Asia started to increase also in 2009 and at the same time a peak was attained at an export quantity of about tons. Between 2006 and 2007, and again between 2011 and 2013, there were no export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to South-eastern Asia. The figure also illustrates that between 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014 and 2015, there were no export volumes of hoopwood from South Africa to Eastern Asia. The figure further illustrates that there was a decline of 60.% in export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Western Asia in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 21 shows export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to Europe between 2006 and

23 Export quantity (tons) Figure 21: Export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) to Europe Eastern Europe European Union Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The figure shows that, between 2005 and 2015, European Union was the major export destination for hoopwood (split poles) export volumes from South Africa to Europe. The figure also shows that export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to European Union started in 2006 with 445 tons, and a consistent decline of up to 101 tons in In 2008, export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to European Union slightly increased until a peak was attained in 2009 at approximately tons. The figure further shows that export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to European Union experienced a dramatic decline between 2010 and In 2012, export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to European Union slightly decreased to levels close to 22 tons and in 2013 a slight increase occurred to lower levels of about 25 tons. The figure further shows that there were no exports of hoopwood from South Africa to European Union in 2013 as compared to 2012 marketing season. The figure shows that an increase of 100% in export volumes of hoopwood (split poles) from South Africa to European Union during 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 22 depicts export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to various regions between 2006 and

24 Export quantity (tons) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 22: Export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to the world Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Period (Years) The graph depicts that between 2006 and 2015, the major export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to various regions mainly landed in Europe, with no competition from the other regions of the world. The graph clearly depicts that South Africa could not export its wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to the world between 2010 and 2013 of the period under observation due to the shortage of domestic production and supply. Export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Europe started to increase in 2006 and a peak was attained in 2006 of approximately tons during the period under examination. The graph further depicts that export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Europe saw a consistent decline of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from 2007 to lower levels of tons in 2009 and 0 tons between 2010 and The graph further depicts that there was no growth (0.00%) in export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Europe in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 23 indicates export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Africa between 2006 and

25 Export quantity (tons) Figure : Export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to Africa Eastern Africa Rest Western Africa SADC (excluding SACU) Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The figure indicates that between 2006 and 2015, SADC was the major export market for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Africa, followed by Western Africa region. The figure also indicates that, between 2006 and 2016, export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to SADC started to increase in 2006 and at the same time a peak was attained at an export quantity of about tons. It is important to note that South Africa did not export wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to Africa between 2010 and Export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Western Africa attained a peak in 2007 with approximately 5 tons, followed by decline in export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) between 2008 and 2009 of up to 2 tons. The figure further indicates that there was no growth (0.00%) in export volumes of wood charcoal (including shellor nut charcoal) from South Africa to Africa in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 24 depicts volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) exports from South Africa to Eastern Africa between 2006 and

26 Export quantity (tons) Angola Democratic Republic of the Congo Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 24: Export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to SADC excliding SACU Mauritius Zimbabwe Period (Years) The figure depicts that during the period under scrutiny, Mauritius was the major export market for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to SADC, followed by very minimal volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Angola, Zimbabwe and Democratic Republic of the Congo.. The figure also depicts that during the period under scrutiny, export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Mauritius started to increase in 2005, to approximately 55 tons and a peak was attained 2006 at an export quantity of about 71 tons. It is important to note that South Africa did not export wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to SADC between 2010 and The figure also depicts that export volumes of wood charcoal from South Africa to Mauritius saw a dramatic decline in export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) in 2008 of approximately 8 tons and from 2010 to 2014 followed by lower levels of about 0 tons. The figure also depicts that export volumes from South Africa to Zimbabwe attained a peak in 2005 with 28 tons. The figure also depicts that export volumes from South Africa to Angola attained a peak in 2006 of 40 tons. The figure also depicts that export volumes from South Africa to Democratic Republic of the Congo attained a peak in 2006 with 33 tons. Export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to SADC depicts that between 2010 and 2014, there were no exports volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to SADC regions. The figure further depicts that there was no growth (0.00%) in export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Reunion in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 25 below shows export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Asia between 2006 and

27 Export quantity (tons) Figure 25: Export volumes of wood chaarcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to Asia Eastern Asia Western Asia Period (Years) Source: Quantec EasyData The graph shows that between 2006 and 2015, the major export market for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Asia was mainly Western Asia, with no other competition during the period under examination. The graph also shows that export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Western Asia started in 2006 and attained a peak at an export volume of 746 tons in The graph further shows that during the period under review; export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Western Asia declined dramatically from 2007 to 2013 to lower export volumes of approximately 61 tons in The graph also shows that between 2010 and 2014, there were no export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Western Asia. The figure shows that there was no growth (0.00%) in export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Western Asia in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 26 depicts export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Europe between 2006 and

28 Export quantity (tons) Western Europe Rest European Union Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 26: Export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to Europe Period (Years) The graph depicts that between 2006 and 2015, the major export market for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Europe was European Union, followed by very low export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to Western Europe. The graph also depicts that export volumes of wood charcoal from South Africa to the European Union started to increase in 2006, and at the same time attained a peak at an export quantity of approximately tons. In 2007, export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to European Union saw a dramatic decline of nearly tons, as compared to a peak in 2006 which attained approximately tons. The graph also depicts that between 2010 and 2015, there were no export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to the European Union. The graph further depicts that South Africa exported a maximum of 242 tons of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to Western Europe Rest in 2006, with no export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Western Europe between 2007 and 2008, and again between 2010 and 2015 period. The graph also depicts that there was no growth (0.00%) in export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to the European Union in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 27 shows export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to European Union between 2006 and

29 Export quantity (tons) Figure 27: Export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to European Union Belgium Cyprus Germany United Kingdom Netherlands Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The figure shows that between 2006 and 2015, the major export market for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to the European Union was United Kingdom, followed by Germany and Belgium. The figure also shows that export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to United Kingdom attained a peak in 2006 at an export quantity of approximately tons, while export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Germany also attained a peak in 2006 at an export quantity of approximately 981 tons. The figure further shows that export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Belgium attained a peak in 2006 at an export quantity of approximately tons. The figure also shows that between 2010 and 2015, there were no export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to the European Union countries. The figure further shows that during the period under scrutiny, South Africa exported very low volumes of wood charcoal to European countries such as Netherlands and Cyprus of not more than tons per annum. The figure also shows that there was no growth (0.00%) in exports of wood charcoal from South Africa to United Kingdom in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 28 indicates export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Oceania between 2006 and

30 Export quantity (tons) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 28: Export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to Oceania Australia and New Zealand Period (Years) The graph indicates that between 2006 and 2015, the major export market for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Oceania was Australia and New Zealand with no competition from other Oceania regions. The graph further indicates that during the period under review, export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Australia and New Zealand started to increase dramatically in 2006 and 2008 and at the same time attained a peak at approximately 30 tons respectively. The graph also indicates that export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Australia and New Zealand saw a dramatic decline in 2009 of up to 1 ton. The graph also indicates that between 2010 and 2015 of the period under scrutiny, there were no export volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Australia and New Zealand. The graph further indicates that there was no growth (0.00%) in exports of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to Australia and New Zealand in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 29 illustrates export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to various regions between 2006 and

31 Export quantity (tons) Figure 29: Export volumes of rough in the wood (treated with paint) to the world Africa Americas Asia Europe Period (Years) Source: Quantec EasyData The figure illustrates that between 2006 and 2015, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to the world went to Africa, followed by Europe and Asia with very low volumes going to Americas. The figure also illustrates that during the period under scrutiny; export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Africa started to decrease in 2006 with approximately 584 tons. The figure further illustrates that between 2007 and 2009, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Africa increased as compared to 2006 to upper levels of about tons. The figure also illustrates that in 2011, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Africa saw an increase to approximately tons and a peak was attained in 2014 at an export quantity of about tons. Export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Europe attained a peak also in 2012 at an export quantity of about tons. The figure further illustrates that there was a significant decline of 67.8% in export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Africa 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 30 indicate export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint)) from South Africa to Africa between 2006 and

32 Export quantity (tons) Eastern Africa Rest Middle Africa Rest SADC (excluding SACU) SACU (Excluding RSA) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 30: Export volumes of rough in the wood (treated with paint) to Africa Period (Years) The figure indicates that between 2006 and 2015, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Africa landed mainly in SACU, followed by SADC and low export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Eastern and Western Africa. The figure also indicates that during the same period under review, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to SADC attained a peak in 2014 at an export volumes of approximately tons, while export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Eastern Africa attained a peak in 2014 at an export volumes of approximately tons. During the same period under examination, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to SACU attained a peak also in 2010 at export volumes of approximately tons. The figure further indicates that there was a slight increase of about 14.86% in export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to SACU in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 31 shows export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to SADC excluding SACU between 2006 and

33 Export quantity (tons) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 31: Export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) to SADC excluding SACU Angola Democratic Republic of the Congo Mauritius Mozambique United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Period (Years) The graph shows that during the period under observation, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to the SADC region landed mainly in United Republic of Tanzania, followed by Mozambique and other SADC countries. The graph also shows that during the same period under review, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to United Republic of Tanzania started to increase substantially in 2012 and 2013 with approximately 380 and 336 tons respectively. Export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to other SADC countries were very low and below 1000 tons per annum between 2006 and However in 2014, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to United Republic of Tanzania substantially increased and attained a boom of tons. The graph also shows that exports of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Mozambique saw a dramatic decline between 2006 and 2013 of below tons per annum. Export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Mozambique attained a peak in 2012 at quantities of approximately tons. The substantial decline in export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to United Republic of Tanzania in 2015 represents 99.1% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 32 depicts export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Americas between 2006 and

34 Export quantity (tons) Figure 32: Export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) to Americas NAFTA Period (Years) Source: Quantec EasyData The figure depicts that between 2006 and 2015, NAFTA commanded the greatest market share of wood in the rough (treated with paint) exports from South Africa with no competition to other Americas regions. The figure also depicts that export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to NAFTA experienced a dramatic decline between 2006 and 2009 of less than 1 ton per annum, until an increase of about 28 tons was experienced in 2010 and a peak was attained in 2011 at an export quantity of about 44 tons during the same period under scrutiny. The figure further depicts that in 2012, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to NAFTA saw a decline of about 36 tons. In 2013, export volumes of wood in rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to NAFTA declined to about 18 tons. In 2014, there were no export volumes from South Africa to NAFTA. There was no growth (0.00%) in export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to NAFTA in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 33 below shows export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Asia between 2006 and

35 Export quantity (tons) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure : Export volumes of rough wood (treated with paint) toasia Eastern Asia South-central Asia South-eastern Asia Western Asia Period (Years) The graph shows that between 2006 and 2015, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Asia went to South-central Asia, followed by Western Asia and very minimal export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) going to Eastern Asia. The graph also shows there were no export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Southcentral Asia with an increase of approximately 4 tons in 2006 and in 2012; there was a substantial increase in export volumes of about 442 tons. The graph further shows that export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Western Asia started with a decrease in 2006 of about 6 tons and a peak was reached in 2012 at an export volume of 338 tons. The graph also shows that between 2006 and 2012, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Eastern Asia were very low or minimal to levels below 23 tons per annum. The graph further shows that in 2007, and again in 2013, there were no export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Western Asia. The graph also shows that export volumes of wood in the rough from South Africa to South-central Asia saw a significant decline of 99.9% in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 34 illustrates export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Europe between 2006 and

36 Export quantity (tons) Figure 34: Export volumes wood in the rough (treated with paint) to Europe European Union Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The figure illustrates that between 2006 and 2015, export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to Europe landed mainly in European Union. The figure also illustrates that export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to European Union started to increase in 2006 at approximately 2 tons, followed by increase in 2007 of approximately 35 tons. The figure indicate that the export volumes attained a peak in 2012 of approximately tons. The figure also illustrates that between 2006 and 2011, there were very low or minimal volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) export volumes from South Africa to European Union of less than 36 tons per annum. The figure further illustrates that export volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from South Africa to European Union declined by 100% in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 35 below depicts value of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) exports by Provinces of South Africa to the world between 2006 and

37 Export Value (Rands) Figure 35: Value of newsprint paper (in sheets or rolls) exports by Provinces Source: Quantec EasyData Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo Period (Years) The figure depicts that KwaZulu-Natal Province commanded the greatest market share of newsprint paper exports from South Africa to the world. The figure also depicts that exports value of newsprint paper from South Africa to KwaZulu-Natal to the world were from a high base during the first half of the ten year period under review attaining a peak in 2009 at an export value of approximately R181 million. Between 2006 and 2007, exports value of newsprint paper from KwaZulu-Natal Province to the world experienced a dramatic decline to a lower export value of approximately R47 million in 2006 and R63 million in Gauteng Province came second in the group with very intermittent exports values of newsprint paper to the world and attained a peak in 2011 at an export value of about R192 million. Limpopo and Western Cape Provinces had very low export values between 2006 and The substantial increase in export value of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Kwazulu-Natal province to the world in 2015 represents 101% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 36 shows value of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs exports by provinces of South Africa to the world between 2006 and

38 Export Value ( Rands) 2.5E+09 2E E+09 1E Figure 36: Value of fuel wood (saw dust) exports in logs by Provinces Source: Quantec EasyData Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo Period (Years) The graph shows that between 2006 and 2015, KwaZulu-Natal province commanded the greatest market share of exports of fuel wood or saw dust in logs from South Africa to the world, followed by minimal export values from Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces. The graph also shows that exports values of fuel wood or saw dust from KwaZulu-Natal were very high and attained peak in 2014 at approximately R4.5 billion respectively during the period under scrutiny. In 2009, export values of fuel wood or saw dust from KwaZulu-Natal province to the world saw a dramatic decline of approximately R886 million, until there was a slight increase in export values in 2010 of about R1.2 billion. The graph further shows that between 2011 and 2013, export values of fuel wood in logs from KwaZulu-Natal consistently declined to lower levels of up to 413 million in The graph further shows that Gauteng Province attained peak at export value of R935 million in The substantial increase in export value of fuel wood from Kwazulu-Natal province to the world in 2015 represents 169% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 37 indicates value of hoopwood (split poles) exports by Provinces from South Africa to the world between 2006 and

39 ExportValue (Rands) Figure 37: Value of hoopwood (split poles) exports by Provinces Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo Period (Years) Source: Quantec EasyData The figure indicates that from 2006 to 2015, exports of hoopwood (split poles) from KwaZulu-Natal provinces commanded the greatest market share of exports from South Africa to the world, followed by Gauteng, Western Cape and North West provinces. The figure also indicates Limpopo, Mpumalanga and Eastern Cape provinces experienced very minimal or low levels of hoopwood exports from South Africa to the world to lower levels exports by Limpopo Province of about R9 071 in The figure further indicates that export values of hoopwood from KwaZulu-Natal to the world attained a peak during the second half of the ten year period at approximately R179 million in The figure also indicates that between 2011 and 2013 of the period under observation, export values of hoopwood (split poles) from KwaZulu-Natal Province to the world consistently declined to lower levels of about at R6.0 million in The decline in export value of hoopwood (split poles) from Kwazulu-Natal province to the world in 2015 represents 61% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 38 illustrates value of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) exports by Provinces of South Africa to the world between 2006 and

40 Export Value (Rands) Figure : Value of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) exports by Provinces Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo Period (Years) Source: Quantec EasyData The graph above illustrates that during the period under observation, KwaZulu-Natal province commanded the greatest market share in exports of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to the world, followed by minimal export values from Free State, Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces. The graph also illustrate that exports values of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from KwaZulu-Natal province to the world were from a high base during the second half of the period under scrutiny and attained a peak in 2010 at approximately R116 million. The graph further illustrates that export values of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from KwaZulu- Natal province to the world experienced a dramatic decline in 2006 of about R53.3 million. The graph also illustrates that 2011, export values of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from KwaZulu-Natal province to the world experienced another decline to lower levels of up to R68.2 million. In 2014, export value of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from KwaZulu-Natal province increased to R124 million. In 2015, export value of wood charcoal from KwaZulu-Natal province to the world experienced a notable decline of about 18.6% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 39 shows value of wood in the rough (whether or not stripped of bark) exports by Provinces of South Africa to the world between 2006 and

41 Export Value (Rands) Source: Quantec EasyData The figure further shows that over the past decade ( ), KwaZulu-Natal province commanded the greatest market share of wood in the rough exports from South Africa to the world, followed by Mpumalanga, Western Cape and Gauteng Provinces. The figure also shows that export values of wood in the rough from KwaZulu-Natal province to the world were from a high base during the second half of the ten year period and attained a peak in 2014 at approximately R445 million. The figure further shows that exports of wood in the rough from Mpumalanga Province to the world attained a peak in 2015 at an export value of R131 million, while export value of wood in the rough from Gauteng province to the world attained a peak in 2013 at an export value of approximately R230 million. The figure also shows that provinces such as Eastern Cape, North West and Limpopo had very low exports values of wood in the rough of not more than R76 million per annum. In 2015, exports of wood in the rough from Mpumalanga province to the world attained a peak at approximately R131 million. The figure further shows that there was a decline of about 27% in exports of wood in the rough from KwaZulu-Natal province to the world in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. 3.2 Share Analysis Figure : Value of wood in the rough (whether or not stripped) exports by Provinces Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo Period (Years) Table 3 below shows that between 2006 and 2015, KwaZulu-Natal Province commanded the greatest market share of newsprint paper exports from South Africa to the world. 41

42 Table 3: Share Analysis of provincial newsprint paper exports (in rolls and sheets) to the total RSA newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) exports (%) between 2006 and Years Provinces WC KZN FS GP Total Source: Quantec EasyData Table 4 below indicates that KwaZulu-Natal Province commanded the greatest market share of fuel wood (saw dust) exports from South Africa to the world between 2006 and Table 4: Share Analysis of provincial fuel wood (saw dust) in logs exports to the total RSA fuel wood exports (%) between 2006 and 2015 Years Provinces WC EC KZN NW GP MP Total Source: Quantec EasyData Table 5 below depicts that between 2006 and 2015, KwaZulu-Natal province commanded the greatest share of wood charcoal exports (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa to the world. Table 5: Share Analysis of provincial wood charcoal (including shell and nut charcoal) to the total RSA wood charcoal (including shell and nut charcoal) exports (%) between 2006 and 2015 Years Provinces WC NC FS KZN GP MP Total Source: Quantec EasyData 42

43 Table 6 illustrates that KwaZulu-Natal Province commanded the greatest market share of hoopwood, split poles exports from South Africa to the world over the ten year period. Table 6: Share Analysis of provincial hoopwood (split poles) exports to the total RSA hoop wood, (split poles) exports (%) between 2006 and 2015 Years Provinces Western Cape Eastern Cape Kwazulu- Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo Total Source: Quantec EasyData Table 7 indicates that between 2006 and 2015, KwaZulu-Natal province commanded the greatest market share of wood in the rough exports (whether or not stripped of bark) from South Africa to the world. Table 7: Share Analysis of provincial wood in the rough (whether or not stripped of bark) exports to the total RSA wood in the rough (whether or not stripped of bark) exports (%) between 2006 and 2015 Years Provinces Western Cape Eastern Cape Free State Kwazulu- Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo Total Source: Quantec EasyData 3.3 Import volumes of forestry and wood products 43

44 Import quantity (tons) Despite persistent economic slow-down in some Western European countries, forest product markets were generally strong in Europe, with greater demand from non-eu 25 countries, even though were smaller volumes. Figure 40 illustrates import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from various regions of the world into South Africa between 2006 and Figure 40: Import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from the world Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Period (Years) Source: Quantec EasyData The graph illustrates that, the major import markets for newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from various regions of the world into South Africa was Europe, followed by Americas between 2006 and The figure also illustrates that Asia and Africa experienced very low or minimal levels of supply of newsprint paper import volumes into South Africa between 2006 and The graph further illustrates that import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Europe into South Africa significantly in increase in 2008 with import volume of tons and a peak was attained in 2010 at an import quantity of about tons, while imports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from the Americas into South Africa started to increase in 2006 and at the same time attained a peak at an import quantity of about tons. The figure also illustrates that between 2011 and 2012, import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Europe into South Africa experienced a consistent decline of about tons. The figure further illustrates that in 2015, import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from the world into South Africa increased significantly to tons. The substantial increase in import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Europe into South Africa in 2015 represents % as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 41 depicts import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Africa into South Africa between 2006 and

45 Import quantity (tons) SADC (excluding SACU) SACU (Excluding RSA) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 41: Import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Africa Period (Years) The graph depicts that, the major import market for newsprint paper from Africa into South Africa was SACU followed by SADC, with no competition from any other African regions between 2006 and The figure shows that import volumes from SACU to South Africa started in 2010 and attained a peak in f 32 tons. The figure also depicts that there were no imports of newsprint paper from SADC into South Africa between 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014 and The figure also depicts that during the period under review, import volumes of newsprint paper from SADC into South Africa started to increase in 2006, and a peak was attained in 2006 at an import quantity of about 28 tons. The graph further indicates that in 2009, imports of newsprint paper from SADC into South Africa experienced a decline of approximately 1 ton. The decline in import volumes of newsprint paper from SADC into South Africa in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 represents 100% as compared to 2009 marketing season. The figure also depicts that there was a dramatic increase of 100% in import volumes of newsprint paper from SACU (excluding RSA) into South Africa in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 42 below reflects import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Asia into South Africa between 2006 and

46 Import quantity (tons) Figure 42: Import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Asia Eastern Asia South-central Asia South-eastern Asia Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The figure reflects that Eastern Asia commanded the greatest market share of newsprint paper from Asia into South Africa, followed by South-eastern Asia and South-Central Asia. The graph also reflects that there were no imports volumes of newsprint paper from South-central Asia into South Africa in Import volumes of newsprint paper from Eastern Asia started to increase in 2006 with import quantity of 112 tons, and then experienced a decline in 2007 and 2008 of 0 tons and a peak was attained in 2009 and 2014 at an import quantity of about 931 and 783 tons respectively. Import volumes of newsprint paper from South-eastern Asia into South Africa attained a peak in 2009 at an import quantity of about 416 tons. The figure indicates that import volumes of newsprint paper from Western Asia into South Africa attained a peak in 2014 of 797 tons. In 2010, import volumes of newsprint paper from Eastern Asia into South Africa saw a decline in imports of about 26 tons, as compared to 931 tons in In 2011, import volumes of newsprint paper from Eastern Asia into South Africa slightly increased until a second peak was attained in 2014 at approximately 783 tons. In 2014, import volumes of newsprint paper from Eastern Asia into South Africa increased significantly from to low levels to approximately 783 tons. The decline in imports of newsprint paper from Eastern Asia into South Africa in 2015 represents 972% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 43 reflects import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Americas into South Africa between 2006 and

47 Import quantity (tons) South America NAFTA Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 43: Import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheet) from Americas Period (Years) The figure reflects that NAFTA commanded the greatest market share of newsprint paper from Americas into South Africa, followed by very low or intermittent imports from South America between 2006 and The graph also reflects that there were no imports volumes of newsprint paper from South America into South Africa between 2006 and Import volumes of newsprint paper from NAFTA into South Africa started to increase in 2006, and at the same time attained a peak at an import quantity of about tons. Import volumes of newsprint paper from NAFTA into South Africa experienced a decline between 2007 and 2013 although there were slight increases between 2011 and 2012 of approximately 701 and 830 tons respectively. The graph further reflects that South Africa only managed to import volumes of newsprint paper from South America in 2012 and 2013 at quantities of about 95 and 74 tons respectively. The decline in imports of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) from NAFTA into South Africa in 2015 represents 64.9% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 44 indicates import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Europe into South Africa between 2006 and

48 Import quanity (tons) Figure 44: Import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Europe Eastern Europe Northern Europe European Union Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph indicates that between 2006 and 2015, the major import market for newsprint paper from Europe into South Africa was European Union, followed by very low import volumes of newsprint paper from Eastern Europe and Northern Europe. The graph also indicates that there were no imports volumes of newsprint paper from the Northern and Eastern Europe in 2006 of the period under review. The graph further indicates that imports volumes of newsprint paper from the European Union into South Africa started to increase substantially in 2009, until a peak was attained in 2010 at an import volume of approximately tons. Between 2011 and 2013, there was a consistent decline in import volumes of newsprint paper from European Union into South Africa to lower levels of about tons in 2012 as compared to a peak in 2015 of tons. The dramatic increase in import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) from European Union into South Africa in 2015 represents 216% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 45 indicates import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from European Union into South Africa between 2006 and

49 Import quantity (tons) Figure 45: Import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from European Union Germany Spain Finland France Netherlands Sweden Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph indicates that between 2006 and 2015, the major import market for newsprint paper from European Union into South Africa was France, followed by Germany and Sweden. The graph also indicates that there were no imports volumes of newsprint paper from the Germany, Spain, France, Netherlands and Sweden into South Africa in 2006 of the period under consideration. The graph further indicates that import volumes of newsprint paper from the Germany into South Africa started to increase in 2008 to1 542 tons, followed by a decline occurred in 2009 to lower levels of about 13 tons. The graph further indicates that import volumes of newsprint paper from Germany into South Africa attained a peak at an import volume of approximately tons. Between 2011 and 2014, there was a consistent decline in imports volumes of newsprint paper from Germany into South Africa to lower levels of about 138 tons. In 2015, there was a consistent increase in import volumes of newsprint paper from Germany into South Africa to significant levels of about tons. The figure illustrates that import volumes from South Africa to France attained a peak in 2015 of approximately tons. The figure further illustrates that import volumes from South Africa to Sweden attained a peak of approximately tons in The substantial increase in import volumes of newsprint paper from France into South Africa in 2015 represents 765% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 46 shows import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from various regions into South Africa between 2006 and

50 Import quantity (tons) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 46: Import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from the world Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Period (Years) The graph shows that between 2006 and 2015, the major import market for fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from the world was Africa, followed by Europe, Americas and very low or intermittent import volumes from Asia. The figure also shows that import volumes of fuel wood from Africa into South Africa started to increase in 2010 from 0 to tons, followed by peak of tons attained in The figure also shows that import volumes of fuel wood from Europe into South Africa started to decrease in 2006 to 8 tons, until there was a notable increase between 2007 and 2008 of about 155 tons. The figure further shows that import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Europe into South Africa attained a peak in 2009 at an import quantity of about 554 tons; import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Americas into South Africa attained a peak in 2010 at about 54 tons. The figure also shows that in 2010, import volumes of fuel wood from Europe into South Africa saw a dramatic decline to lower levels of about 128 tons. The figure indicates that there were no import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs in 2012 and 2014 from the world into South Africa. The figure also shows that there was no growth (0.00%) in fuel wood imports from Africa into South Africa in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 47 depicts import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Africa into South Africa between 2006 and

51 Import quantity (tons) Figure 47: Import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Africa SADC (excluding SACU) SACU (Excluding RSA) Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph depicts that the major import market for fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from the Africa was SACU, followed by SADC with no competition from other African regions between 2006 and The graph depicts that import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from SACU into South Africa started to increase in 2010 to 11 tons, followed by increase in In 2011, the import volumes from SACU into South Africa the attained a peak of tons The graph also depicts that import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from SADC into South Africa started to increase in 2006 and at the same time attained a peak at imports volumes of 16 tons. A dramatic decline in imports of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs was experienced between 2007 and 2009 at approximately 0 and 1 ton per annum. The figure further depicts that between 2007 and 2008 and also between 2011 and 2013, there were no import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from SADC into South Africa. The figure also depicts that import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from SADC into South Africa saw a slight increase in 2009 of about 1 ton, until another peak was attained in 2010 at an import quantity of about 14 tons. The figure also depicts that there was no growth (0.00%) in fuel wood import volumes from SACU into South Africa in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 48 illustrates import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from SACU into South Africa between 2006 and

52 Import quantity (tons) Import Quantity (tons) Figure 48: Import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from SACU Namibia Swaziland Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph depicts that the major import market for fuel wood from SACU was Swaziland, followed by very intermittent imports from Namibia between 2006 and The graph also depicts that import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from SACU (Swaziland in particular) into South Africa started to increase in 2010 to tons, followed by attaining a peak at import volumes of tons.. The figure further depicts that between 2005 and 2009; there were no import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from SACU into South Africa. There was no growth (0.00%) in fuel wood (saw dust) in logs imports from the SACU region into South Africa in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 49 illustrates import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Americas into South Africa between 2006 and Figure 49: Import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Americas NAFTA Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) 52

53 Import quantity (tons) The graph illustrates that the major import market for fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from the Americas was NAFTA, with no competition from other Americas regions during the period under examination. The graph also illustrates that imports of fuel wood from NAFTA into South Africa started in 2006 with approximately 1 ton, followed by a decline in import volumes occurred from 2006 to 2007 of approximately 2 tons. The graph further illustrates that import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from NAFTA into South Africa experienced an increase between 2008 and 2009 with approximately 10 and 17 tons respectively. The graph further shows a peak that was attained in 2010 at an import quantity of about 54 tons. In 2011 of the same period under review, import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from NAFTA into South Africa saw a slight decline to approximately 30 tons with no import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from 2012 to The figure also illustrates that there was no growth (0.00%) in imports of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from NAFTA into South Africa in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 50 shows import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Asia into South Africa between 2006 and Source: Quantec EasyData The figure illustrates that the major import market for fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Asia was Southcentral Asia, followed by Eastern Asia with very minimal imports from South-eastern Asia between 2006 and The figure further shows that import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South-central Asia into South Africa started to increase in 2008 with approximately 14 tons and a peak was attained in 2009 at import volume of about 31 tons. The figure further illustrates that import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Eastern Asia into South Africa started to increase in 2011 and at the same time a peak was attained at approximately 31 tons. The figure also illustrates that there were no import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South-central Asia into South Africa between 2006 and 2007 and again between 2010 and The figure further illustrates that there were very minimal imports from South-eastern Asia into South Africa throughout the ten year period under review. The figure also illustrates that there was no growth (0.00%) in import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from South-central Asia into South Africa in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. 53 Figure 50: Import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Asia Eastern Asia South-central Asia South-eastern Asia Period (Years)

54 Import quantity (tons) Figure 51 shows import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Europe into South Africa between 2006 and Figure 51: Import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Europe European Union Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph further shows that between 2006 and 2015, the major supplying market for fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Europe into South Africa was European Union. Import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from the European Union into South Africa started to increase in 2006 at about 8 tons, and then experienced a decline in 2007 to lower levels of about 7 tons. In 2008, import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from the European Union into South Africa saw a consistent increase of approximately 155 tons and a peak was attained in 2009 at an import quantity of approximately 554 tons. The graph further shows that in 2010 and 2011, import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from European Union into South Africa saw a slight decline of about 128 and 91 tons respectively. The graph also shows that there were no import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from European Union into South Africa in 2012, 2013, 2014 and There was no growth (0.00%) in import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from European Union into South Africa in 2015 as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 52 indicates import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from European Union into South Africa between 2006and

55 Import quantity (tons) Figure 52: Import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from the European Union Germany France Netherlands Period (Years) Source: Quantec EasyData The figure further indicates that between 2006 and 2015, the major supplying market for fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from European Union into South Africa was France, followed by Germany with very intermittent import volumes from Netherlands. The figure also indicates that imports of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from France into South Africa attained a peak in 2009 at an import quantity of approximately 333 tons, while import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Germany into South Africa attained a peak also in 2009 at import volumes of approximately 220 tons. The figure further indicates that imports of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from France into South Africa saw a decline between 2006 and 2007 and again between 2010 and 2014 at import volumes of not more than 15 tons per annum. The figure further indicates that import volumes of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Germany into South Africa saw a decline between 2006 and 2008 at about 1 and 4 tons respectively. The figure further indicates that over the past ten years, there were low imports of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from Netherlands into South Africa of not more than 41 tons. The decline in imports of fuel wood (saw dust) in logs from France into South Africa in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 represents 100% as compared to 2011 marketing season. Figure 53 depicts import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from various regions of the world into South Africa between 2006 and

56 Import quantity (tons) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 53: Import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from the world Africa Americas Asia Europe Period (Years) The figure further depicts that between 2006 and 2015, Africa was the main supplier of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) into South Africa, with very low or intermittent import volumes from Asia and Europe. The figure also depicts that import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Africa into South Africa started to increase and attained a peak in 2006 with an import quantity of about tons. The figure further depicts that between 2007 and 2013, import volumes of wood charcoal from Africa into South Africa experienced a consistent decline up to lower levels of tons in The figure also depicts that between 2010 and 2015 of the same period under scrutiny, there were no import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from various regions of the world into South Africa. The decline in imports of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Africa into South Africa between 2010 and 2015 represents 100% as compared to 2009 marketing season. Figure 54 indicates import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Africa into South Africa between 2006 and

57 Import quanty (tons) Eastern Africa Rest SADC (excluding SACU) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 54: Import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Africa Period (Years) The figure further indicates that between 2006 and 2015, SADC was the main supplier of wood charcoal into South Africa with no competition from other African regions. The figure also indicates that import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from SADC into South Africa started to increase and attaining a peak was attained in 2006 at an import quantity of about tons. The figure further indicates that between 2007 and 2013, import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from SADC into South Africa experienced a consistent decline to lower levels of about tons in The figure also indicates that between 2010 and 2015 of the same period under review, there were no import volumes of wood charcoal from the SADC region into South Africa. The decline in import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from SADC into South Africa between 2010 and 2015 represents 100% as compared to 2009 marketing season. Figure 55 depicts import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from the SADC region into South Africa between 2006 and

58 Import Quantity (tons) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 55: Import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from SADC Democratic Republic of the Congo Zambia Zimbabwe Period (Years) The graph depicts that between 2006 and 2015, Zimbabwe was the main supplier of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) into South Africa with no competition from other African countries. The graph also depicts that import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Zimbabwe into South Africa started to increase in 2006 and attained a peak in 2006 at an import quantity of about tons. The graph further depicts that between 2007 and 2014 imports of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Zimbabwe into South Africa experienced a consistent decline of lower levels of about tons in The figure also depicts that between 2010 and 2015 of the same period under examination, there were no import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Zimbabwe into South Africa. The decline in import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Zimbabwe into South Africa between 2010 and 2015 represents 100% as compared to 2009 marketing season. Figure 56 illustrates import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Asia into South Africa between 2006 and

59 Import quantity (tons) Eastern Asia South-central Asia South-eastern Asia Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 56: Import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Asia Period (Years) The figure illustrates that, between 2006 and 2015, South-eastern Asia commanded the greatest market share of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Asia into South Africa, followed by Eastern Asia. The figure also illustrates that import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South-eastern Asia into South Africa attained a peak in 2008 at an import quantity of about 127 tons, while import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Eastern Asia into South Africa attained a peak in 2006 at an import quantity of about 25 tons. The figure also illustrates that between 2010 and 2015 of the period under examination, there were no import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from south-eastern Asia into South Africa. Also important to note was that, there were no import volumes of wood charcoal from Eastern Asia into South Africa between 2008 and The decline in import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South-eastern Asia into South Africa between 2010 and 2015 represents 100% as compared to 2009 marketing season. Figure 57 depicts import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Europe into South Africa between 2006 and

60 Import quantity (tons) Figure 57: Import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Europe European Union Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph depicts that, between 2006 and 2015, the major supplying market for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from Europe into South Africa was the European Union, with no competition from other European regions. The graph also depicts that import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from European Union into South Africa started with 106 tons in 2006 The graph further depicts that import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from European Union into South Africa decreased in 2006 to approximately 11 tons and a peak was attained in 2006 at import volumes of approximately 106 tons. The graph also depicts that in 2008 of the period under review, import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from European Union into South Africa saw a dramatic decline of about 11 tons. The graph further depicts that there were no imports of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from European Union into South Africa between 2009 and The decline in import volumes of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from European Union into South Africa between 2009 and 2015 represents 100% as compared to 2008 marketing season. Figure 58 illustrates import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from various regions of the world into South Africa between 2006 and

61 Import quantity (tons) Figure 58: Import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from the world Africa Americas Europe Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The figure illustrates that between 2006 and 2015, the major import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from the world into South Africa came from Africa, followed by Americas and Europe. The figure also illustrates those import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Africa into South Africa started with approximately 26 ton. The figure further illustrates that import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Africa into South Africa decreased substantially in 2007 to approximately 2 tons. In 2008, import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Africa into South Africa saw a slight increase of approximately 32 tons, followed by peak of tons in 2010 The figure also reveals that import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Americas into South Africa attained a peak in 2011 at about 56 tons. The figure also illustrates that between 2009 and 2014, imports of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Africa into South Africa were very low and not more than tons per annum. The increase in import volumes of wood in the rough ((treated with paint) from Africa into South Africa in 2015 represents 937% as compared to 2014 marketing season. Figure 59 depicts import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Africa into South Africa between 2006 and

62 Import quantity (tons) SADC (excluding SACU) SACU (Excluding RSA) Source: Quantec EasyData Figure 59: Import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Africa Period (Years) The graph depicts that during the period under review, import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Africa into South Africa originated mainly from SACU with very minimal volumes from SADC. The graph also depicts that import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from SACU region into South Africa started in 2006 with approximately 0 ton. The figure shows that import volumes from SACU into South Africa attained a peak at an import quantity of about tons in The graph also depicts that import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from SADC region into South Africa started in 2006 with approximately 26 ton. The figure shows that import volumes from SADC into South Africa attained a peak at an import quantity of about 32 tons in The graph further depicts that between 2006 and 2008, import volumes of wood in the rough from SADC region into South Africa saw a slight increase in volume terms of approximately 26 and 32 tons respectively. The graph also depicts that between 2009 and 2015, imports of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from SADC into South Africa were very low and not more than 3 tons per annum. The decrease in import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from SADC into South Africa in 2015 represents 100% as compared to 2013 marketing season. Figure 60 shows import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from SACU region into South Africa between 2006 and

63 Import quantity (tons) 2500 Figure 60: Import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from SACU Botswana Namibia Swaziland Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph shows that between 2006 and 2015, the major supplying market for wood in the rough from SADC was Swaziland, followed by Botswana and very intermittent import volumes from Namibia. The graph further shows that import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Swaziland into South Africa started to increase in 2010 and at the same time attained a peak at approximately tons. The graph also shows that import volumes of wood in the rough(treated with paint) from Botswana into South Africa started to increase in 2011 and attained a peak at an import quantity of about 600 tons in The graph further shows that between 2006 and 2009, there were no import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Swaziland into South Africa. The graph also shows that between 2006 and 2011, there were no import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Botswana into South Africa. The graph further shows that import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Namibia into South Africa were very low at levels below 151 tons per annum between 2010 and The decline in import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Swaziland into South Africa between 2011 and 2014 Figure 61 depicts import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Europe into South Africa between 2006 and

64 Import quantity (tons) Figure 61: Import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Europe Southern Europe Source: Quantec EasyData Period (Years) The graph shows that between 2006 and 2015, the major supplying market for wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Europe into South Africa was Southern Europe over the same ten year period. The graph further shows that imports of wood in the rough from Southern Europe into South Africa started to increase in 2013 with import quantity of 17 tons The graph also shows that import volumes of wood in the rough from Southern Europe into South Africa s attained a peak at an import quantity of about 63 tons in The graph also shows that between 2006 and 2012 there were no import volumes of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Southern Europe into South Africa. The graph further shows that imports of wood in the rough from South Europe into South Africa were very low at levels below 64 tons per annum. The decline in imports of wood in the rough (treated with paint) from Southern Europe into South Africa between 2006 and 2012 represents 100% decline as compared to 2014 marketing season. 4. MARKET VALUE CHAIN Figure 62: Processing of timber FORESTR Y GROWERS SAW MILLIN G TIMBER DEALER S SECONDARY PROCESSOR S CONSUME RS Forestry growers, of which the most profitable have their plantations located strategically close to the primary processing facilities, Saw milling, which is done on site by private enterprises, Timber dealers, which are the main timber distributors in urban areas, and 64

65 Secondary processors (mainly furniture and construction), which to large extent also market the products to the consumers. 5. MARKET ACCESS Tariffs that different importing countries apply to wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) originating from South Africa are represented in the Table below. Table 8: Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) exports from South Africa (HS Code ) during No. Country Product Trade regime Applied Total ad valorem description description tariffs equivalent tariff 1 Angola Wood charcoal, incl. shell or nut charcoal 2 DRC Wood charcoal, incl. shell or nut charcoal 3 Mauritius Wood charcoal, incl. shell or nut charcoal 4 Zimbabwe Wood charcoal, incl. shell or nut charcoal 5 Belgium Wood charcoal, incl. shell or nut charcoal 6 Cyprus Wood charcoal, incl. shell or nut charcoal 7 Germany Wood charcoal, incl. shell or nut charcoal 8 United Kingdom Wood charcoal, incl. shell or nut charcoal 9 Netherlands Wood charcoal, incl. shell or nut charcoal 10 Malawi Wood charcoal, incl. shell or nut charcoal Source: MacMap 65 MFN (Applied) MFN (Applied) MFN (Applied MFN (Applied) MFN (Applied) MFN (Applied) MFN (Applied) duties duties duties duties duties duties duties (estimated) 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% 0.00% 0.00% 5.00% 5.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% MFN duties 0.00% 0.00% MFN (Applied) duties MFN duties (Applied) Preferential tariff for South Africa 0.00% 0.00% 10.00% 10.00% 0.00% 0.00%

66 Table 8 indicates tariffs that are applied by importing countries to exports of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) exported by South Africa in The table further indicates that Malawi applies high tariffs of 10% to exports of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from South Africa, followed by Zimbabwe at 5% during the same period under examination. Tariffs that South Africa applies to imports of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) originating from various countries of the world are represented in the Table below. Table 9: Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) imports from the world into South Africa during No. Country Product description Trade regime Applied Total ad description tariffs valorem equivalent tariff (estimated) 1 Wood charcoal, incl. MFN duties 0.00% 0.00% Zimbabwe shell or nut charcoal (Applied) 2 Wood charcoal, incl. MFN duties 0.00% 0.00% Zambia shell or nut charcoal (Applied) 3 Wood charcoal, incl. MFN duties 0.00% 0.00% DRC shell or nut charcoal (Applied 4 Wood charcoal, incl. MFN duties 0.00% 0.00% China shell or nut charcoal (Applied) 5 Wood charcoal, incl. MFN duties 0.00% 0.00% Hong Kong shell or nut charcoal (Applied) 6 Wood charcoal, incl. MFN duties 0.00% 0.00% Lesotho shell or nut charcoal (Applied) 7 Wood charcoal, incl. MFN duties 0.00% 0.00% 8 Source: MacMap Swaziland Netherlands shell or nut charcoal Wood charcoal, incl. shell or nut charcoal (Applied) MFN (Applied) duties 0.00% 0.00% Table 9 depicts tariffs that South Africa applies to imports of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) originating from various countries in The table further depicts that South Africa does not apply any tariff to imports of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) originating from the above mentioned countries during the period under review. 66

67 6. MARKET INTELLIGENCE Table 10: List of importing markets for newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) exported by South Africa in 2015 Importers Trade Indicators Exported value 2015 (USD thousand) Share in South Africa's exports (%) Exported quantity 2015 (tons) Unit value (USD/unit) Exported growth in value between (%, p.a.) Exported growth in quantity between (%, p.a.) Exported growth in value between (%, p.a.) World Namibia Zimbabwe Zambia Botswana Malawi Mauritius Mozambique India Tanzania, United Republic of Ghana Madagascar Swaziland Uganda Kenya Nigeria Tariff (estimated) faced by South Africa (%) 67

68 Lesotho Congo, Democratic Republic of the Togo Source: ITC Trade Map 68

69 Table 10 shows export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to the world in The table further shows that South Africa exported a total of tons of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) to the world during 2015, compared to tons in The table also shows that the major export destinations for newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to the world was Africa, mainly Namibia with tons, followed by Zimbabwe with tons, Zambia with tons and Botswana with tons. The table further shows that Namibia s share in South Africa s exports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) commanded greatest share of 21.6%, Zimbabwe s share in South Africa s exports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) also increased by 19.9%, Zambia s share in South Africa s exports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) increased by 10% and Botswana s share in South Africa s exports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) also increased by 9.1%. The table also shows that export volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to Namibia increased in value and quantity of 4% and 664% respectively between 2011 and The exports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa to Zimbabwe declined in value and quantity of 16% and 22% respectively between 2011 and South Africa s export growth to Zambia declined in value and quantity by 14% and 58% between 2011 and 2015 and South Africa s export growth to Botswana declined in value and quantity by 14 and 24% between 2011 and

70 Figure 63: Growth in demand for newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa in 2015 Source: ITC Trade Map 70

71 Figure 64 shows the growth in demand for newsprint paper (in sheets or rolls) from South Africa to the world in The bubble graph shows that Kenya, Madagascar and Tanzania were the biggest import markets for newsprint (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa in However, the grown in demand for South Africa s exports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) to Ghana increased by annual growth 38% respectively, while India s imports from the world also increased by 19% between 2011 and The table further depicts that, the tariffs were applied by South Africa to the imports volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) originating from various regions in 2015 such as India at 10%. 71

72 Figure 64: Prospects for market diversification for newsprint (in rolls & sheets) exported by South Africa in 2015 Source: ITC Trade Map 72

73 Figure 64 indicates the prospects for market diversification for newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) exported by South Africa in The bubble graph indicates that the major markets for South African exports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) were Kenya, Namibia, Zimbabwe as well as Zambia. The bubble graph further indicates that if South Africa is to diversify its exports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) f., attractive markets exist in India, France and Ghana because these countries have increased their share in South Africa s newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) exports during

74 Table 11: List of supplying markets for newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) imported by South Africa in 201 Trade Indicators Exporters Imported value 2015 (USD thousand) Share in South Africa's imports (%) Imported quantity 2015 (tons) Unit value (USD/unit) Imported growth in value between (%, p.a.) Imported growth in quantity between (%, p.a.) Imported growth in value between (%, p.a.) World France Finland Belgium Germany Russian Federation Austria Sweden Korea, Republic of Indonesia Canada Namibia Poland Tariff (estimated) applied by South Africa (%) 74

75 Spain Area Nes Source: ITC Trade Map 75

76 Table 11 depicts the import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from various regions of the world into South Africa in The table further depicts that in world terms South Africa imported a total of tons of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) during 2015, compared to tons in Considering the statement above, it means that South Africa is a net exporter of newsprint paper (in rolls & sheets) during 2015, as the country exported approximately against the imports of tons. The table also depicts that the major supplying markets for newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from the world into South Africa was France at tons, followed by Finland at tons and Belgium at tons in The table further depicts that France s share in South Africa s imports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) accounted for 47.2%, Finland accounted for 21.5% and Belgium was at 14.2% in The table also depicts that the average world imported growth of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) increased both in value and volume terms by 4% and 10%. The table shows that South Africa s imports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from Russian Federation increased both in value and quantity terms by 218% and 135%, respectively between 2011 and The table further depicts that, there were no tariffs applied by South Africa to the imports volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) originating from various regions in

77 Figure 65: Competitiveness of suppliers for newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) imported by South Africa in 2015 Source: ITC Trade Map 77

78 Figure 65 shows the competitiveness of suppliers for newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) imported by South Africa from the world in The bubble graph shows that the major import markets of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) were Germany and Canada. The bubble graph further shows that during the period between 2011 and 2015, imports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from a country such as Russian Federation into South Africa grew at a rate that is faster than these countries exports to the rest of the world. Import volumes of newsprint paper (in rolls and sheets) originating France into South Africa have increased by 8%% in value and 13% in quantity s between the period 2011 and The bubble graph further shows that Russian Federation, Korea Republic and Finland were very competitive markets in the imports of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets). Russian Federation increased its annual import to South Africa by both value and quantity of 218% and 135% respectively. The bubble graph also reflects that Finland increased annual import to South Africa in both value and quantity of 24% and 35% between 2011 and

79 Figure 66: Prospects for diversification of suppliers of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) imported by SA in 2015 Source: ITC Trade Map 79

80 Figure 66 depicts the prospects for diversification of suppliers of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) imported by South Africa from the world in The bubble graph further indicates that France was the leading supplier of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from the world into South Africa during 2015 with an imported value of USD6 359, followed by Finland US D and Belgium US D Korea Republic imported very low levels of newsprint paper (in rolls or sheets) from South Africa in 2015 with an imported value of approximately 53 thousand USD during the same period under observation. 80

81 Table 12: List of importing markets for fuel wood (saw dust) exported by South Africa in 2015 Trade Indicators Importers Exported value 2015 (USD thousan d) Share in South Africa's exports (%) Exported quantity 2015 (tons) Unit value (USD/unit) Exported growth in value between (%, p.a.) Exported growth in quantity between (%, p.a.) Exported growth in value between (%, p.a.) World Japan China Taipei, Chinese India Swaziland France Viet Nam Botswana United Kingdom Mozambique Namibia Korea, Republic Lesotho Zimbabwe Saudi Arabia Kuwait New Zealand Netherlands Source: Trade Map Tariff (estimat ed) faced by South Africa (%) 81

82 Table 12 shows the list of importing markets for fuel wood (saw dust) exported by South Africa to the world in The table shows that Japan was the main market for fuel wood (saw dust) exports from South Africa to the world in The table also shows that South Africa exported tons of fuel wood to the world in 2015, compared to tons in 2014, of which tons went to Japan. The table further shows that South Africa s exports of fuel wood (saw dust) to Japan declined both in volume and value by 17% and 12% between 2011 and 2015, while those to India increased substantially to approximately 702%% in value and 390% in quantity terms over the same period. Additionally, South Africa s fuel wood exports to Japan declined in value at about 17% and Swaziland s export growth in both value and quantity increased to approximately 26% and 49% between 2011 and The table also shows that growth in the value for fuel wood exports to the three markets of Taipei Chinese, India and Swaziland was higher than the world average between 2011 and

83 Figure 67: Growth in demand for fuel wood (saw dust) exported by South Africa in 2015 Source: Trade Map 83

84 Figure 67 reflects the growth in demand for fuel wood (saw dust) exported by South Africa to the world in The bubble graph further reflects that Japan was the biggest market of fuel wood although it was a declining market during The bubble graph shows that Japan was followed by United Kingdom and Netherlands. The bubble graph also reflects that the demand for fuel wood (saw dust) is growing at a faster pace (702 %) in India, followed by Taipei, Chinese at 25% during the period under review. The figure also reflects that during the period under scrutiny, India were the dynamic markets because the annual growth of South Africa s exports increased in both value and quantity to 702% and 390% between 2011 and

85 Figure 68: Prospects for market diversification for fuel wood (saw dust) exported by South Africa in 2015 Source: Trade Map 85

86 Figure 68 depicts the prospects for market diversification for fuel wood (saw dust) exported from South Africa to the world in The bubble graph depicts that Japan was the biggest market for fuel wood exports from South Africa in The figure further depicts that should South Africa wish to diversify its markets of fuel wood exports during this period, small but attractive markets are available in India and Taipei, Chinese as their annual imports from South Africa increased significantly between 2011 and

87 Table 13: List of supplying markets for fuel wood (saw dust) imported by SA in 2015 Trade Indicators Exporters Imported value 2015 (USD thousand) Share in South Africa's imports (%) Imported quantity 2015 (tons) Unit value (USD/unit) Imported growth in value between (%,p.a.) Imported growth in quantity between (%, p.a.) Imported growth in value between (%, p.a.) Tariff (estimated) applied by South Africa (%) World Swaziland Namibia Germany United States of America France Area Nes Hungary Australia Zambia Austria Canada Source: Trade Map 87

88 Table 13 above indicates the list of supplying markets for fuel wood (saw dust) imported by South Africa from the world in The table further indicates that during the period under observation, South Africa imported a total of tons of fuel wood originating from various regions of the world. The table indicates that Swaziland was the main supplying market for fuel wood from the world into South Africa during The table further indicates that South Africa imported tons from Swaziland, tons from Namibia, Germany 643 tons and USA at 100 tons. The table further indicates that Netherlands and Australia were the most competitive markets for fuel wood (saw dust) imported by South Africa in The table also indicates that other countries (not specified) were the most competitive suppliers of fuel wood between 2014 and 2015, with an imported growth in value of 179% per annum. The table also indicates that other countries (not specified) were the most competitive suppliers of fuel wood between 2013 and 2014, with an imported growth in value of 179% and quantity of 102% per annum. 88

89 Figure 69: Competitiveness of suppliers to South Africa for fuel wood (saw dust) imported by SA in Source: Trade Map 89

90 Figure 69 shows the competitiveness of suppliers to South Africa for fuel wood (saw dust) imported by South Africa from the world in The bubble graph shows that during the period under review, United States of America and Australia were the biggest suppliers of fuel wood from the world into South Africa in The figure shows that Germany and France were the most competitive suppliers of fuel wood to South Africa in The bubble graph also indicates that Germany was the most competitive supplier of fuel wood (saw dust) in 2015, annual growth of 21%. 90

91 Figure 70: Prospects for diversification of suppliers for fuel wood (saw dust) imported by South Africa in 2015 Source: Trade Map 91

92 Figure 70 indicates the prospects for diversification of suppliers for fuel wood (saw dust) imported by South Africa from the world in The bubble graph further indicates that during the period under review; United States of America and Australia were the biggest import markets for fuel wood imports into South Africa. The bubble graph also indicates that if South Africa had to diversify its suppliers of fuel wood (saw dust); small supplying markets exist in Germany and France. 92

93 Table 14: List of importing markets for wood charcoal (including shell and nut charcoal) exported by South Africa in 2015 Trade Indicators Importers Share in Exported South Exported Unit value Exported Exported value 2015 Africa's quantity (USD/unit) growth in growth in (USD exports 2015 (tons) thousand) (%) value between (%, p.a.) quantity between (%, p.a.) Exported growth value between (%, p.a.) World United Kingdom Netherlands Sweden Saudi Arabia Lebanon Australia Switzerland Israel Kuwait France United Arab Emirates Germany Belgium New Zealand Greece Lesotho `17 27 Source: Trade Map in Tariff (estimated) faced by South Africa (%) 93

94 Table 14 depicts the list of importing markets for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) exported by South Africa to the world in The table further depicts that Europe (Netherlands, United Kingdom and Sweden) and Namibia were the main export markets for wood charcoal originating from South Africa in The table further depicts that South Africa exported tons to the world in 2015, while imports of the same product were about tons over the same period. The statement above means that South Africa is a net importer of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) to the world during The table further depicts that there was an increase in import volumes of wood charcoal in 2015 of approximately tons. The table also depicts that most of South Africa s wood charcoal exports went to United Kingdom (5 254 tons), followed by Netherlands at (4 554 tons) and Sweden (2 031tons) in The table also depicts that South Africa s exports of wood charcoal to the United Kingdom decreased in value and volume terms by 18% and 19% respectively between 2011 and The table also depicts that South Africa s exports to Sweden also increased in value by 11% and in quantity by 13% respectively between 2011 and 2015, while those to Netherlands also increased in value to 21% and in volume by 19% respectively between 2011 and The table further depicts that United Kingdom commanded a greatest export share of 30.8%, followed by Netherlands with share of 20.8% and Sweden s share in South Africa s wood charcoal exports of 8.5%% in

95 Figure 71: Growth in demand for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) exported by South Africa in 2015 Source: Trade Map 95

96 Figure 71 reflects the growth in demand for wood charcoal (shell or nut charcoal) exported by South Africa to the world in The figure r reflects that United Kingdom was the biggest market of wood charcoal exported by South Africa to the world in The figure also depicts, that France and Greece were also big markets of wood charcoal exported by South Africa to the world in The figure also reflects that the demand for wood charcoal from South Africa is growing at a faster pace in Saudi Arabia at 281%, followed by New Zealand at 42%, while annual growth of South Africa exports to declining markets such as Belgium and Sweden were growing at between 10% and 80%%. The figure also reflects that Saudi Arabia in a dynamic market because both its annual growth of South Africa s export value and quantity in were 281% and 285% between 2011 and

97 Figure 72: Prospects for market diversification for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) exported by South Africa in 2015 Source: Trade Map 97

98 Figure 72 shows the prospects for market diversification for wood charcoal (shell or nut charcoal) exported by South Africa to the world in The figure further shows that in 2015, United Kingdom, France and Greece were the biggest markets for wood charcoal (shell or nut charcoal) exports from South Africa. The figure further shows that should South Africa want to diversify its markets of wood charcoal exports, small but attractive markets exist in Saudi Arabia, New Zealand and Sweden. 98

99 Table 15: List of supplying markets for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) imported by South Africa in 2015 Trade Indicators Exporters Imported value 2015 (USD thousand) Share in South Africa s imports (%) Imported quantity 2015 (tons) Unit value (USD/unit) Imported growth in value between (%, p.a.) Imported growth in quantity between (%, p.a.) Imported growth in value between (%, p.a.) World Namibia China Swaziland Area Nes Zimbabwe Malaysia Indonesia Thailand Netherlands Poland Botswana DRC UAE Australia Vietnam Mozambique Source: Trade Map Tariff (estimated) applied by South Africa (%) 99

100 Table 15 indicates the list of supplying markets for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) imported from the world by South Africa in The table further indicates that Asia and Africa (Namibia, China, and Swaziland) were the main supplying markets for wood charcoal from the world into South Africa in 2015 import season. The table further indicates that, South Africa imported tons of wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) from the world, while the country exported volumes of the same product over the same period at approximately tons. The table also indicates that import of wood charcoal from the world into South Africa increased in 2015 by tons from the world as compared to The table further indicates that most of South Africa s wood charcoal imports were from Namibia at tons, followed by Swaziland at tons and China at 807 tons. The table also depicts that Namibia s share in South Africa s imports commanded greatest share of 80.6%, followed by China s share in South Africa s imports which commanded of 8.5% and Swaziland s share in South Africa s imports reduced to 4.3% in 2015 import season. The table further shows that there were no tariffs applied by South Africa to the exporting countries. 100

101 Figure 73: Competitiveness of suppliers to RSA for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) imported by RSA in 2015 Source: Trade Map 101

102 Figure 73 depicts the competitiveness of suppliers of wood charcoal (shell or nut charcoal) from the world into South Africa in The figure further shows that during the period under examination, Namibia, China and Netherland we were the biggest import market for wood charcoal into South Africa. The figure also depicts that during the period under examination, Poland was the most competitive market for wood charcoal into South Africa with 114% annual growth of South Africa s imports, between 2011 and

103 Figure 74: Prospects for diversification of suppliers for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) imported by South Africa 2015 Source: Trade Map 103

104 Figure 74 indicates the prospects for diversification of suppliers for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal) imported from the world by South Africa in The figure further indicates that during the period under review; China, Namibia and Netherlands were the biggest market for wood charcoal imports into South Africa. The figure also indicates that if South Africa had to diversify its suppliers of wood charcoal, large and attractive (suppliers) markets exist in Poland in

105 Table 16: List of importing markets for wood in the rough exported by SA in 2015 Trade Indicators Importers Exported value 2015 (USD thousand) Share in South Africa's exports (%) Exported quantity 2015 (tons) Unit value (USD/unit) Exported growth in value between (%, p.a.) Exported growth in quantity between (%, p.a.) Exported growth in value between (%, p.a.) World Tanzania, United Republic of Namibia Botswana Mozambique Zambia Lesotho Kenya Ghana Viet Nam Guinea Area Nes Mauritius Netherlands Swaziland China Maldives Source: Trade Map Tariff (estimated) faced by South Africa (%) 105

106 Table 16 illustrates the list of importing markets for wood in the rough exported from South Africa to the world in 2015 export season. The table further illustrates that Africa (United Republic of Tanzania, Namibia and Botswana) were the main export market for wood in the rough originating from South Africa during the period under consideration. The table also illustrates that South Africa exported tons of wood in the rough to the world, while the country managed to import tons of the same product over the same period. The statement above further illustrates that South Africa was a net importer of wood in the rough in The table further illustrates that, most of South Africa s wood in the rough exports went to United Republic of Tanzania at ( tons) followed by Namibia at ( tons), and Botswana at ( tons). The table also illustrates that South Africa s exports of wood in the rough) to Namibia declined in volume terms by 4% 2011 and The table also depicts that South Africa s exports of wood in the rough to Botswana did not increase nor decrease in value and volume terms by 0% and 0% respectively between 2011 and 2015, while those to Zambia also increased by 59% and 0% in value and quantity terms between 2011 and The table further illustrates that United Republic of Tanzania commanded the greatest share in South Africa s exports of wood in the rough at 16.6%, Namibia accounted for 15.2%, Botswana accounted for 15%, and Mozambique accounted for 14.2% during 2015 export season. The table further shows that South Africa had to pay tariff of between 5%and 15%, applied to countries like Guinea and Maldives. 106

107 Figure 75: Growth in demand for wood in the rough exported by SA in 2015 Source: Trade Map 107

108 Figure 75 illustrates the growth in demand for wood in the rough exported by South Africa to the world in The figure further illustrates that Zambia was the biggest market for wood in the rough exported by South Africa in The figure also illustrates that the demand for wood in the rough is growing at a faster pace of about 61% in Maldives, followed by Zambia at 59% and China at 43. The figure also illustrates that Maldives was the biggest and most competitive market because both their annual growth of partner countries imports from the world and annual growth of South Africa s exports was at 40% and 100% respectively between 2011 and

109 Figure 76: Prospects for market diversification for wood in the rough (whether or not stripped of bark) exported by SA in 2015 Source: Trade Map 109

110 Figure 76 shows the prospects for market diversification for wood in the rough exported by South Africa to the world in The figure further shows that during the period under scrutiny Tanzania, Ghana and Namibia was the biggest market for wood in the rough exports from South Africa. The figure further shows that should South Africa want to diversify its markets of wood in the rough exports, small but attractive markets are available in Zambia, Vietnam and Botswana. 110

111 Table 17: List of supplying markets for wood in the rough imported by SA in 2015 Trade Indicators Exporters Imported value 2015 (USD thousand) Share in South Africa's imports (%) Imported quantity 2015 (tons) Unit value (USD/unit) Imported growth in value between (%, p.a.) Imported growth in quantity between (%, p.a.) Imported growth in value between (%, p.a.) Tariff (estimated) applied by South Africa (%) World Swaziland China Indonesia Italy Namibia Malaysia Gabon Zambia Brazil Turkey Mozambique Area Nes Source: Trade Map 111

112 Table 17 shows the list of supplying markets for wood in the rough imported from the world by South Africa in 2015 import season. The table further shows that Swaziland, followed by China and Indonesia were the main supplying markets for wood in the rough from the world into South Africa during 2015 import season. The table also shows that during the period under observation, South Africa imported tons of wood in the rough from the world during 2015 import season. The statement above also shows that South Africa was a net importer of wood in the rough as the country imported more volume as compared to what was exported over the same period. The table also shows that imports of wood in the rough from the world into South Africa increased in 2015 as compared to The table further shows that during the period under review, South Africa s imported growth in value and volume to China increased by 283%, while South Africa s imported growth in value to Italy also increased by 257% between 2011 and The table further shows that most of South Africa s wood in the rough imports were from Swaziland at ( tons), followed by China at (859 tons), Indonesia at (588 tons) The table also shows that there were no tariffs applied by South Africa for wood in the rough imports from the world during 2015 marketing season. 112

113 Figure 77: Competitiveness of suppliers to South Africa for wood in the rough imports in 2015 Source: Trade Map 113

114 Figure 77 depicts the competitiveness of suppliers to South Africa for wood in the rough from the world into South Africa in The figure further shows that during the period under examination, Swaziland and Brazil were the biggest market for wood in the rough imports into South Africa. The figure also depicts that China was the most competitive market for wood in the rough imports into South Africa at 257% annual growth of South Africa s imports, followed Italy with 283% and Mozambique with 60% annual growth of South Africa s imports between 2011 and

115 Figure 78: Prospects for diversification of suppliers for wood in the rough imported by SA in 2015 Source: Trade Map 115

116 Figure 78 indicates the prospects for diversification of suppliers for wood in the rough imported by South Africa in The figure further indicates that during the period under review; Swaziland and Brazil were the biggest markets for wood in the rough imports by South Africa. The figure also indicates that if South Africa had to diversify its suppliers of wood in the rough, medium supplying markets exist in Italy and Mozambique in 2015, 116

117 Table 18: List of importing markets for hoopwood (split poles) exported by SA in 2015 Trade Indicators Importers Tariff Exported Exported Exported Share in Exported (estimated) Exported growth in growth in value 2014 South Unit value growth in value faced by quantity quantity value between (USD Africa's (USD/unit) between South 2015 (tons) between thousand) exports (%) 2015 (%, p.a.) Africa (%) (%, p.a.) (%, p.a.) World Namibia Tanzania, United Republic of Botswana Mozambique Lesotho Mauritius Swaziland Malawi Seychelles Congo, Democratic Republic of the Madagascar France Area Nes Libya, State of Source: Trade Map 117

118 Table 18 illustrates the list of importing markets for hoopwood (split poles) exported from South Africa to the world in 2015 export season. The table further illustrates that Africa (Namibia, Tanzania, United Republic, Botswana and Mozambique) was the main market for hoopwood originating from South Africa during the period under consideration. The table also illustrates that South Africa exported tons of hoopwood to the world, while the country managed to import only tons of the same product over the same period. The statement above further illustrates that South Africa was a net exporter of hoopwood (split poles) during the 2015 export season. The table further illustrates that, most of South Africa s hoopwood (split poles) exports went to Namibia at (5 123), Tanzania, United Republic of, at (988), followed by Botswana at (2 897 tons) and Mozambique at (2 969) during 2015 export season. The table also illustrates that South Africa s exports of hoopwood (split poles) to Tanzania, United Republic of decreased in value and quantity by 19% and 21% respectively between 2010 and The table also depicts that South Africa s exports of hoopwood to Namibia declined in value by tiny 3% between 2010 and 2014, while South African exports of hoopwood to Qatar also increased in value and quantity by 80% and 49% between 2011 and The table further illustrates that Namibia commanded the greatest share in South Africa s exports of hoopwood at 27.6%, Tanzania Republic of accounted for 19%, Botswana accounted for 13.2% and Mozambique accounted for 12.2% in 2015 export season. The table further shows that South Africa (exporting country) pay 0% tariff to the world market for hoopwood (split poles) during this period. 118

119 Figure 79: Growth in demand for hoopwood (split poles) exported from South Africa in 2015 Source: Trade Map 119

120 Figure 79 illustrates the growth in demand for hoopwood (split poles) exported from South Africa to the world in The figure further illustrates that United Republic of Tanzania, Namibia, Mauritius and Botswana were the biggest markets for hoopwood (split poles) exported by South Africa during The figure also illustrates that the demand for hoopwood (split poles) is growing at a faster pace in l at (50%), while annual growth of South Africa exports to declining markets such as Qatar. The figure also illustrates that France is a dynamic market because the annual growth of South Africa s exports is 114% between 2011 and

121 Figure 80: Prospects for market diversification for hoopwood (split poles) exported from South Africa in 2015 Source: Trade Map 121

122 Figure 80 shows the prospects for market diversification for hoopwood (split poles) exported by South Africa in The figure further shows that in 2015, United Republic of Tanzania, Namibia and Botswana were the biggest markets for hoopwood (split poles) exports from South Africa. The figure further shows that should South Africa want to diversify its markets of hoopwood exports, small but attractive markets are available in Qatar and France. 122

123 Table 19: List of supplying markets for hoopwood (split poles) imported by South Africa in 2015 Exporters Trade Indicators Imported value Share in 2015 (USD South thousand) Africa's imports (%) Imported quantity 2015 (tons) Unit value (USD/unit) Imported growth in value between (%, p.a.) Imported growth in quantity between (%, p.a.) Imported growth in value between (%, p.a.) Tariff (estimated) applied by South Africa (%) World Swaziland China Lesotho Thailand Area Nes Source: Trade Map 123

124 Table 19 shows the list of supplying markets for hoopwood (split poles) imported from the world by South Africa in 2015 import season. The table shows that Swaziland was the main supplying market for hoopwood (split poles) from the world into South Africa, followed by China and India during 2015 marketing season. The table also shows that during the period under observation, South Africa imported 976 tons of hoopwood (split poles) from the world during 2015 import season. The statement above also shows that South Africa was a net exporter of hoopwood (split poles) as the country imported less quantity as compared to exported quantity over the same period. The table also shows that imports of hoopwood (split from the world into South Africa decreased in 2015 at approximately 976tons as compared to tons in The table further shows that during the period under review, South Africa s imported growth in quantity for hoopwood (split poles) to Swaziland declined by 26%, while South Africa s imported growth in value and quantity for hoopwood (split poles) to China increased by 116% and 135% respectively in The table further shows that most of South Africa s hoopwood (split poles) import quantity were from Swaziland with (976 tons), followed by China with (99 tons) and Lesotho with (15 ton) during 2015 import season. 124

125 Figure 81 represent competitiveness of supplying countries for hoopwood (split poles) imported by South Africa in 2015 Source: Trade Map Figure 81 depicts the competitiveness of suppliers to South Africa for hoopwood from the world into South Africa in The figure further shows that during the period under examination, Swaziland was the biggest market for hoopwood imports into South Africa. The figure also depicts that China were the most competitive markets for hoopwood imports into South Africa. 125