Watershed Management in the Crooked River Basin:

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1 Watershed Management in the Crooked River Basin: The Western Juniper Story Max Nielsen-Pincus, Ph.D. Crooked River Watershed Council

2 Watershed Restoration through Juniper Management Produced by The Juniper Working Group in Partnership with the Central Oregon Intergovernmental Council Brought to you through an education grant from the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board

3 Juniper Working Group of Central Oregon who we are. Collaboration of private landowners, resource managers, conservation groups and businesses Common concern about the expansion and impacts of western juniper What we plan to accomplish.. Mobilize forest products knowledge Develop wood products and markets Restore watersheds Create opportunities for family wage jobs

4 The Western Juniper Story Western juniper has been part of the Oregon landscape for thousands of years. In the past 130 years, juniper has rapidly expanded, invading lands historically dominated by shrubs and grasses. Juniper expansion impacts water, soils, native vegetation, wildlife and people.

5

6 The Invasion Begins Phase 1: Juniper is present Small juniper become visible Grasses, shrubs and forbs are unaffected Little or no change in ground cover

7 The Invasion Advances Phase 2: Juniper trees throughout the site Some shrub die-off possible Loss of ground cover

8 The Invasion Takes Over Phase 3: Juniper canopy closes Shrub die-off up to 75% Loss of understory vegetation Large areas of bare soil Overland water flow common

9 Why Call it an Invasion? 1.5 Million acres of Juniper in 1937 Over 6.5 Million acres of Juniper today

10 Juniper Invasion Impacts: Reduced watershed function Loss of native plants Reduced range production Loss of wildlife habitat Negative impact on economic activity

11 Juniper Invasion Impacts: Effective Water Availability Water Availability Healthy Watershed Phase I Phase II Phase III Watershed Rivers Creeks Intermittent Streams As juniper density increases, up to 50% of precipitation on rangeland watersheds can be intercepted by the canopy and evaporated directly back into the atmosphere reducing available water and instream flow

12 What Can Be Done? Juniper Treatments Mechanical treatment-grinding, chipping and removal Prescribed fire - combination Hand treatments - fallers cut and drop

13 Mechanical Treatments + Selective removal + Production rates + Reduce site impacts + Potential harvest for wood products - Impacts to soils - Ineffective operation due to terrain - High cost of machinery/operation - High upfront costs - Availability of specialized machinery

14 Prescribed Fire Treatments + Mimics Natural Cycle + Cost Efficient per acre + Large Acreage Treatments + Effective Management tool - Fuel dependent - May impact desirable species - Eliminates potential for harvest - May require future burns - Adds to Carbon (CO2) impacts - Liability - Public perception

15 Hand Treatments + Economical + Less impacting on sensitive soils + Selective removal - Safety - Labor Intensive - Production Rates - Lack of skilled workers

16 Value Added Impact of Juniper Management Watershed Restoration Economic Social/Community

17 Juniper Management: Watershed Benefits Challenges Changes water cycle Restores rangelands Improves wildlife habitat Expansion of noxious weeds Soil disturbance Alters wildlife habitat

18 Juniper Management: Economic Benefits Challenges Jobs and skills training Range management Smallwood utilization Partnership development Ranching sustainability High costs for harvest and transport Minimal experience and infrastructure Inaccessibility on public and private lands Bureaucratic hurdles Requires follow-up

19 Economic Opportunities Products Furniture and cabinets Flooring Log homes Firewood Fence material Biomass (high btu value)

20 Juniper Management : Social Benefits Challenges Fire risk reduction Reduced reservoir sedimentation Improved range productivity Public perception Increasing population Decreasing agricultural economy Increasing juniper/urban interface

21 Juniper Treatments in Central Oregon Rodman Rim Ant Creek Watershed Restoration Project Deer Creek Restoration Project Prineville Reservoir Watershed Project Individual Ranch Projects

22 Ant Creek: Watershed Restoration Project High priority, watershed- wide restoration Economic and community benefits gained through juniper treatments Support from private and public land managers Grant support from OWEB, National Fire plan, USDA Rural Business Enterprise Grant Juniper Treatment area to the left

23 Ant Creek: Impacts of Untreated Juniper Invasion Loss of vegetation Increased surface runoff Decreased base flows in surface streams Increased risk for upland and stream channels Increased erosion rates

24 Sedimentation in Ant Creek Before upstream juniper treatment After upstream juniper treatment

25 Where we started

26 Our Goal

27 Get Involved! Join the Juniper Working Group of Central Oregon c/o OSU Extension Office Crook County

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