EAGLE NEST SEARCH PROPOSED PULP MILL REPORT AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE SURVEY. Suzette Weeding Forest Conservation Planner Gunns Limited
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1 EAGLE NEST SEARCH PROPOSED PULP MILL AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE SURVEY REPORT Suzette Weeding Forest Conservation Planner Gunns Limited
2 Contents Objective...2 Background...2 Introduction...3 Methodology...4 Results...5 References...7 Attachment 1: Maps...8 Figure 1 Bell Bay Survey Area...8 Figure 2 Five Mile Bluff Survey Area...9 Figure 3 Effluent Pipeline Corridor Survey Area...10 Figure 4a Water Supply Pipeline Corridor Survey Area North...11 Figure 4b Water Supply Pipeline Corridor Survey Area South...12 Figure 5 Temporary Accommodation Camp...13 Figure 6 Bell Bay Identified Search Area...14 Figure 7 Water Supply Pipeline Corridor Identified Search Area...15 Figure 8 Bell Bay Nest Location and Flight Path...16 Attachment 2: Photos...17 Photo 1 Nest # Photo 2 Nest # Photo 3 Feathers and Droppings under nest #
3 Objective The purpose of this assessment and report is to identify any eagle nests occurring in proximity to the proposed pulp mill and associated infrastructure. Background Tasmania has two species of eagle, the Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle and the white-bellied sea eagle. The Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle (Aquila audax fleayi) is an endemic subspecies with recorded localities throughout Tasmania and offshore islands, excluding King Island (Threatened Species Unit, 2004). The wedge-tailed eagle is listed as Endangered on both the Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 and the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act The wedge-tailed eagle is a large bird of prey, typically mottled dark brown, darkening in colour with maturity. It has a long wedge-shaped tail, is distinctly strongly patterned under wing and has a wingspan up to 2m (Forest Practices Board, 2005). The white-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) is widely distributed, from India to Australia (Forest Practices Board, 2005). Within Tasmania the whitebellied sea eagle is distributed around the coastal perimeter, inland lakes and large rivers (Threatened Species Unit, 2004). The white-bellied sea eagle is listed as Vulnerable on the Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act The white-bellied sea eagle is a large bird of prey, adults are black with a white breast and belly, with grey over wings. Immature birds are typically mottled brown (Forest Practices Board, 2005). The wedge-tailed eagle and white-bellied sea eagle both have specific nesting requirements. Both construct very large nests, which may be up to several metres in width, and are used on a traditional basis. Nests are typically constructed in tall eucalypt trees, within eucalypt or mixed forest. More than one nest may occur within a territory, but only one is utilised in any one year. The wedge-tailed eagle nests in large tracts (more than 10ha) of mature forest and constructs nests in sheltered positions on the leeward slopes (Forest Practices Board, 2005) or within gullies. The white-bellied sea eagle nests within 4km of the coast or open water bodies (Threatened Species Unit, 2004). Both species breed between August and January inclusive, and are require sites relatively free from disturbance. 2
4 Introduction Gunns Limited s proposed pulp mill site is located at Long Reach, north of Launceston in northern Tasmania. The Bell Bay survey area covers an area of approximately 420 ha and encompasses areas proposed for the Pulp Mill, wharf, solid waste disposal (landfill), quarry, concrete production and water storage. It is located on the eastern shore of the Tamar River, between the River and Tippogoree Hills (see figure 1, attachment 1). This area contains mature and regrowth eucalypt forest, scrub, heath and cleared areas. Existing infrastructure, incorporating a major arterial road, powerlines and railway lines, bisect the survey area. In addition, the area is highly disturbed and heavily tracked. Tenure is both private property and State Forest. One recorded eagle nest #130 Tippogoree Hills is located on State Forest approximately 785m from the northern boundary of the survey area, on the eastern side of the East Tamar Highway. This nest is recorded as having been active in 2000 (Forest Practices Board, 2005). The Five Mile Bluff survey area covers an area of approximately 226 ha and encompasses areas proposed for the location and construction of the effluent pipeline outfall. It is located on the north of George Town at Five Mile Bluff (see figure 2). This area contains predominately pasture and nonforest vegetation, with scattered eucalypts and an area of pine plantation. The area is highly disturbed, utilised for cattle and sheep farming. Tenure is both private property and Crown Land. No eagle nests are recorded within 1km of the survey area (Forest Practices Board, 2005). The effluent pipeline corridor survey area runs between the Bell Bay survey area and the Five Mile Bluff Survey area. It is approximately 20 km long, varies in width between 20m to 50m and covers an area of approximately 90 ha (see figure 3). This area contains regrowth eucalypt forest, scrub, heath, pasture and cleared areas. Existing infrastructure, incorporating roads, powerlines and railway lines bisect the survey area, and urban dwellings are located in close proximity along the route. Tenure is predominately private property with some small areas of State owned land. No eagle nests are recorded within 1km of the survey corridor (Forest Practices Board, 2005). The water supply pipeline corridor runs between the Bell Bay survey area and Trevallyn Dam in Launceston. Several routes were surveyed along this alignment, to account for existing infrastructure or avoid identified special values. The preferred water supply corridor is approximately 40 km long, varies in width between 30 m to 50 m and covers an area of approximately 234 ha (see figure 4). This area contains mature and regrowth eucalypt forest, scrub, heath, pasture and cleared areas. Existing infrastructure, incorporating roads, powerlines and railway lines, bisect the survey area, and urban dwellings are located in close proximity along the route. Tenure 3
5 is predominately private property with some small areas of State and Council owned land. No eagle nests are recorded within 1km of the survey corridor (Forest Practices Board, 2005). The temporary accommodation camp area is proposed to be located on the southern side of George Town, covering an area of approximately 17ha (see figure 5). The area contains predominately cleared areas, with small areas of tea tree swamp forest and scrub. The area is highly disturbed and tenure is private property. No eagle nests are recorded within 1km of the area (Forest Practices Board, 2005). The Tasmanian Forest Practices System procedure for the management of eagles in production forest requires a search for suitable habitat to be undertaken within any proposed operation area, and within a radius of 500m from the edge of any operation area. The intent is to ensure that any nests within close proximity to proposed operations are managed appropriately to ensure breeding birds are not subject to disturbance. Searches are conducted both on ground and by helicopter, depending on the forest type and area to be searched. Management prescriptions under the Forest Practices System requires a nest reserve, constituting 10 ha of intact native forest, to be maintained around the eagle nest, generally 180m radius from the nest site and locally adapted depending on site condition. In addition, breeding season operational exclusion zones are implemented around active eagle nests, requiring the exclusion of operations within 500m or 1km if the nest is within line of sight (Forest Practices Board, 2003). Methodology Desktop analysis was conducted to determine nesting habitat suitability within and adjacent to the Bell Bay, Five Mile Bluff, temporary accommodation camp, water supply and effluent pipeline corridor survey areas. A 1km radius search area was adopted for the Bell Bay survey area, given the proposed level of disturbance and the presence of relatively intact native forest areas. The remaining survey areas had a 500m radius search area applied, due to the highly disturbed and modified nature of the surrounding environment. Nesting habitat suitability was determined using PI type, TASVEG and RFA vegetation mapping, topography and aspect. PI type parameters utilised were forest greater than 27m in height, >E-3, or containing emergent trees greater than 27m. Vegetation mapping utilised for cross checking of eucalypt forest areas. 4
6 Topography and aspect utilised to determine shelter from prevailing winds, on leeward slopes, with aspect mainly N-NW, although gullies were also closely investigated as local conditions may impact nest location. On private property, all of this information was available. However, no PI type information was available for State Forest. The Bell Bay survey area was consequently larger to ensure all areas of potentially suitable habitat were assessed. A total of 476ha was identified as potentially suitable habitat for eagle nesting, requiring confirmation and searching, 455ha at the Bell Bay survey area and 21ha adjacent to the water supply pipeline corridor (see figures 6 and 7 respectively). No suitable habitat was identified within or adjacent to the Five Mile Bluff survey area, temporary accommodation camp or effluent pipeline corridor. The Bell Bay survey area search was conducted utilising a Long Ranger helicopter on the 27/4/2005, contracted by Gunns Limited from Osborne Helicopter Services, Devonport. Gunns employees, an Accredited Fauna Officer with the Forest Practices Authority and staff experienced in aerial nest searching, conducted the search over a 45 minute period. The helicopter pilot tracked the flight path of the helicopter, using on-board Global Positioning System (GPS) and navigation equipment (see figure 8 for overlaid flight path). Eagle nests located during the search were recorded using a GPS. The search method concentrated on areas of high potential habitat being searched thoroughly sometimes with multiple passes to ensure all suitable nesting trees were checked. Areas with unsuitable habitat were verified from the air and excluded from further assessment. A further ground inspection of nest #130 was conducted on the 9/5/2005 to inspect the nest, examine the viability of the nest through recording of any additional characteristics or evidence of use. A ground based locality was determined using a GPS (Garamin Etrex Venture). The ground based water supply corridor search was conducted by an Accredited Fauna Officer with the Forest Practices Authority on the 14/11/2005, over a 4 hour period. Results Bell Bay survey area The majority of the search areas were found to contain only marginally suitable habitat for both species of eagle containing predominately smaller regrowth trees with structure not suitable for nesting. The best habitat was confirmed in the north-eastern gully, containing the recorded eagle nest. Searching of this gully extended beyond the boundary of the search area, resulting in a new nest being located approximately 450m outside the search area (table 1). This nest 5
7 is located approximately 1.4km from the survey area, and due to this distance from the proposed development has not been examined in detail. No new nests were located within the designated search area, with the locality of the previously recorded nest #130 confirmed. The actual location of this nest was approximately 180m to the south west of the recorded location. Figure 8 details the nest locations. Table 1: Eagle nest localities Nest Number Nest Name Mapsheet (TASMAP 1:25000) Easting (GDA) Nest Locality Northing (GDA) Accuracy 130 Tippogoree Hills Bell Bay GPS ground +/- 5m New nest* Bell Bay GPS helicopter +/- 20m * Nest located outside the designated search area. Nest #130 This nest is located in a dead stag, of undetermined species, although based on surrounding trees likely to be an Eucalyptus obliqua. The nest is located 15-20m from the ground in a substantial fork and is a large structure, estimated to be 3m wide and 1.5m deep (see attachment 2 photos 1 and 2). The nest tree displayed a distinctive green algae stain extending from the base of the nest down the trunk. This results from the buildup and leaching of nutrients of prey remains and fecal matter within the nest, and is an indicator of history of use (Forest Practices Board, 2002). Feathers and extensive areas of droppings were also located under and within the vicinity of the nest tree (photo 3), indicating a high probability that the nest was utilised during the previous breeding season. In addition, two mature birds were observed in the lower reach of the gully during the ground inspection (approximate GR E N). This nest is located on State Forest, within an area identified as the Tippogoree Hills Forest Reserve, a Formal Reserve under the Forestry Act (SPARQS, 2005). This nest is located approximately 660 metres from the northern boundary of the survey area and is not within line of sight of the proposed development, being low in the gully and separated by a significant ridge line. Water supply pipeline corridor The majority of the identified survey areas were found to contain only marginally suitable habitat, lacking suitable trees and forest structure for nesting. Visibility was very good. No nests were located as a result of the search. 6
8 References Forest Practices Board (2002). Fauna Technical Note Series No 3: Wedge-tailed Eagles: Nest Sites and Breeding Behaviour. Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Hobart. Forest Practices Board (2003). Threatened Fauna Adviser Program. Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Hobart. Forest Practices Board (2005). Threatened Fauna Manual, web-based version. Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, Hobart. Spatial Planning and Resource Query System (SPARQS) (2005). Gunns Limited. Launceston Tasmania. Threatened Species Unit (2004). Fauna Recovery Plan: Threatened Tasmanian Eagles Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment, Hobart. 7
9 Attachment 1: Maps 8
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18 Attachment 2: Eagle nest photos Photo 1: Nest #130 Photo 2: Nest #130 17
19 Photo 3: Feathers and droppings under nest #130 18
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