Supplement of Mitigation of agricultural emissions in the tropics: comparing forest landsparing options at the national level

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1 Supplement of Biogeosciences, 12, , doi: /bg supplement Author(s) CC Attribution 3.0 License. Supplement of Mitigation of agricultural emissions in the tropics: comparing forest landsparing options at the national level S. Carter et al. Correspondence to: S. Carter The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC-BY 3.0 licence.

2 Table S1: REDD+ engagement index created for this study Indicator Score Participation in UN-REDD (United Nations Collaborative initiative on Reducing 1 international REDD+ Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) in initiatives developing countries) countries receiving support UN REDD partner countries 0.5 FCPF (Forest Carbon Partnership Facility) - a participant (signing a 0.33 partnership agreement, but yet to submit any documents) FCPF (Forest Carbon Partnership Facility) - submission of the 0.66 RPIN (Readiness Plan Idea te) FCPF (Forest Carbon Partnership Facility) - R-PP (Readiness 1 Preparation Proposal) finalization CIF-FIP (Forest Investment Plan (FIP) within the Climate 1 Investment Funds (CIF)) GEF (The Global Environment Facility) 1 Governors' Climate and Forests Task Force. 1 Number of projects >25 1 Funding acquisition 0 0 <6 M USD 0.25 <11 M USD 0.5 <100 M USD 0.75 >100 M USD 1

3 Table S2: Yield gap (t ha -1 ), and standard deviation (s.d.) of maize, rice and wheat Yield gap (t ha -1 ) Wheat Rice Maize Mean s.d. mean s.d. mean s.d. Angola United Arab Emirates Argentina Antigua and Barbuda Burundi Benin Burkina Faso Bangladesh Bahamas Belize Bolivia Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bhutan Botswana Central African Republic Chile China Côte d'ivoire Cameroon Congo, DR Congo Colombia Comoros Cape Verde Costa Rica Cuba Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Algeria Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji Micronesia Gabon Ghana Guinea Gambia Guinea-Bissau Equatorial Guinea

4 Guatemala Guyana Honduras Haiti Indonesia India Jamaica Kenya Cambodia Kiribati Lao PDR Liberia Libya Saint Lucia Sri Lanka Madagascar Mexico Mali Myanmar Mozambique Mauritania Mauritius Malawi Malaysia Namibia Niger Nigeria Nicaragua Nepal Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Palau Papua New Guinea Paraguay Rwanda Saudi Arabia Sudan Senegal Singapore Solomon Islands Sierra Leone El Salvador Somalia

South Sudan Sao Tome and Principe Suriname 1.34 0.37 Seychelles Chad 2.69 0.34 Togo 4.07 0.00 4.16 0.36 Thailand 2.45 0.64 2.19 0.35 Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tanzania 4.21 0.45 4.16 0.88 Uganda 4.

5 South Sudan Sao Tome and Principe Suriname Seychelles Chad Togo Thailand Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tanzania Uganda Uruguay Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Venezuela Viet Nam Vanuatu Samoa South Africa Zambia Zimbabwe Figure S1. Available land (black) suitable for agricultural production between 60 o N and 60 o S calculated for this study.

6 Table S3. Data appendix. Belize Bolivia, Plurinational State of Emissions gap (on agricultur al land) Forest loss due to agriculture (km 2 y -1 ) REDD Country Available land Yield gap Source for forest loss calculations engage ment Angola m High United Arab Emirates data High 0.00 Argentina High ) forest loss 0.39 Antigua and Barbuda data High Data data 0.00 Burundi High m Benin High High m forest loss 0.21 Burkina Faso High m m forest loss 0.54 Bangladesh High High Bahamas m data m 4.32 data m ) forest loss 0.18 Brazil Brunei Darussalam m m m m m data High Bhutan High m 4.13 Botswana data Central African Republic m High m Chile m m China m m Côte d'ivoire High High Cameroon m High m ) forest loss ) forest loss ) forest loss ) forest loss ) forest loss ) forest loss 0.25 forest loss

7 2005) forest loss Congo, the Democratic Republic of the High ) forest loss 0.68 Congo m data ) forest loss 0.43 Colombia m m m ) forest loss 0.64 Comoros High data m 0.55 Cape Verde data High 0.07 Costa Rica m m forest loss 0.32 Cuba High m Djibouti data 0.00 Dominica data m Data data 0.00 Dominican Republic m High forest loss 0.29 Algeria Ecuador m High High ) forest loss 0.43 Egypt High 1.05 Eritrea data 0.00 Ethiopia High High High ) forest loss 0.36 Fiji data High forest loss 0.32 Micronesia, Federated States of data High Data data 0.00 Gabon data forest loss 0.46 Ghana High High ) forest loss 0.64 Guinea High m Gambia m High 0.77 Guinea-Bissau m m m )

8 Equatorial Guinea m data Guatemala m High m Guyana m Honduras m High m Haiti High High High Indonesia India Jamaica High m m m High m High data m 4.61 Kenya High High m Cambodia Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic m m 2012) forest loss ) forest loss 0.46 forest loss 0.32 forest loss ) forest loss 0.96 forest loss ) forest loss 0.57 m High ) forest loss 0.54 data Data data 0.00 m High Liberia m High ) forest loss ) forest loss 0.36 Libya High 0.07 Saint Lucia m data High Data data 0.00 Sri Lanka High m High Madagascar High High Mexico m High m Mali High High Myanmar m m High ) forest loss ) forest loss ) forest loss ) forest loss 0.07 Mozambique m High forest loss 0.39 Mauritania High

9 data forest loss Mauritius High data m 1.48 Malawi High forest loss 0.29 Malaysia High m High ) forest loss 0.25 Namibia m data Niger High m 0.00 Nigeria High High forest loss 0.54 Nicaragua High High m ) forest loss 0.36 Nepal High High ) forest loss 0.43 Oman data ) Pakistan m High 5.14 forest loss 0.36 Panama m High m ) forest loss 0.54 Peru High m ) forest loss 0.86 Philippines High High High forest loss 0.36 Palau m data Data data 0.00 Papua New Guinea m data High ) forest loss 0.50 Paraguay m High m ) forest loss 0.52 Rwanda High m Saudi Arabia Sudan Senegal Singapore Solomon Islands High High forest loss 0.04 m ) data data 0.58 forest loss 0.21 m m forest loss 0.21 data High Data data 0.14 data m 33.96

10 Sierra Leone High High El Salvador High High High ) forest loss 0.29 Somalia data 2.19 South Sudan High data data forest loss 0.07 Sao Tome and Principe m data Data data 0.00 Suriname m High 8.31 forest loss 0.36 Seychelles data High Data data 0.14 Chad High High Togo High High Thailand High High High ) forest loss 0.32 Tonga data High Data data 0.00 Trinidad and Tobago data High ) forest loss 0.04 Tanzania, United Republic of m High m Uganda High High m m m Uruguay High Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of High High m ) forest loss ) forest loss ) forest loss 0.18 data High Data data 0.00 forest loss 0.18 Viet Nam m High High forest loss 0.50 Vanuatu data High 1.67 forest loss 0.32 Samoa data High Data data 0.25 South Africa High High Zambia High forest loss 0.32 Zimbabwe m High

11 2005) forest loss

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