Life Support. What Can Fire Do for Nature and Us?

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1 Life Support What Can Fire Do for Nature and Us?

2 Overview Does Alabama Have Firey Diversity? Do We Have Firey Forests? Do Plants Love Fire? What About Wildlife and Fire? What Is Alabama s Most Famous Firey Forest? Does Fire Encourage Rare Species? Summary

3 Does Alabama Have Firey Diversity? Alabama is 5 th most diverse state More plants and animals than 45 other states Are these plants and animals adapted to fire? Photo Credit: Ashley Young

4 Do We Have Firey Forests? Fire is natural in Alabama Frequent and regular Maintains ecosystems Clears away fuels Reduces risk of destructive wildfires Photo Credits: Ashley Young

5 Do We Have Firey Forests? Activity I Who here has a chore at home? What are they all? Cleaning! Small, regular, natural fire does chores too Cleans up junk (dead materials) Keeps germs (destructive wildfires) from growing Image Credit: Amber Dunn

6 Do Plants Love Fire? Plants are sessile How do they escape? Some are not harmed by fire Others are perennials with root systems underground These send up new shoots after fire Photo Credit: Ashley Young

7 Do Plants Love Fire? Many plants are dependent on fire Fire Breaks down nutrients Creates space for new plants to grow Controls some diseases Recovery time? Just a few days after a fire new plants start growing Photo Credit: Ashley Young

8 Do Plants Love Fire? Activity II Tree and nutrients How does the tree absorb the nutrients? Fire breaks down dead materials into molecules that plants can absorb! Photo Credits: Ashley Young

9 What About Wildlife and Fire? Animals can move! Avoid fire High in trees Deep underground In water or moist areas Photo Credit: Amber Dunn

10 What About Wildlife and Fire? Wildlife dependent on fire, too Creation of habitat New plants = food New plants = cover Not everything burns How long until animals return after a fire? Just as soon as the fire has passed! Photo Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Photo Credit: istockphotos.com

11 What About Wildlife and Fire? Activity III Reader s theatre! Volunteer for parts Practice a few times Present as a class Photo Credit: Amber Dunn

12 What Is Alabama s Most Famous Firey Forest? Longleaf pine ecosystems Grow to 120 feet tall Can live to be over 400 years old Covered almost ½ of state Photo Credit: Rebecca Barlow

13 What Is Alabama s Most Famous Firey Forest? Overstory is longleaf pine Understory is VERY diverse Native grasses and forbs Less than 3 feet tall Over 40 species in 1 m 2 Most diverse ecosystem in world on small scale Photo Credit: Rebecca Barlow

14 What Is Alabama s Most Famous Firey Forest? Activity IV Visit the Longleaf Alliance website at Use handout to sketch the fraction of the state historically covered by longleaf pine

15 What Is Alabama s Most Famous Firey Forest? Activity IV How big is 1 m 2? How many people can fit in 1 m 2? How does this number compare to the number of species in 1 m 2 in a longleaf pine ecosystem?

16 Does Fire Encourage Rare Species? Endangered or threatened species are species that are very rare Some depend on longleaf pine As longleaf becomes rare, those animals become rare, too Three rare species particularly need longleaf pine ecosystems in Alabama Photo Credit: Rebecca Barlow

17 Does Fire Encourage Rare Species? Gopher tortoise Social Land turtles Like to burrow Burrows are very important to other species Keystone species Photo Credits: Roger Birkhead

18 Does Fire Encourage Rare Species? Eastern indigo snake Can grow over 8 feet long! Longest native snake in United States! Black/purple Red/orange chin patches Use gopher tortoise burrows Extinct in Alabama for many years Recently reintroduced Photo Credit: Jim Godwin

19 Does Fire Encourage Rare Species? Red-cockaded Woodpecker Males have red streaks = cockades Create nesting cavities in mature pines Drill resin wells for protection! Need trees at least 80 years old! Need open areas to feed Photo Credits: Mark Bailey

20 Does Fire Encourage Rare Species? Activity V Pick an endangered species Gopher tortoise Eastern indigo snake Red-cockaded Woodpecker Can also choose longleaf pine Create Who s Who profile Internet research

21 Summary? Fire creates opportunities for plants and wildlife Many plants and animals are adapted to living with fire Longleaf pine ecosystems are native to Alabama and require fire Some wildlife and plant species depend on fire and fire-maintained ecosystems to live Keeping these rare species from going extinct means keeping fire in Alabama s landscape

22 Questions?

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