Nursery Cooperative, Nursery History, and Current Seedling Production

Transcription

1 Nursery Cooperative, Nursery History, and Current Seedling Production Tom Starkey Auburn University Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative Total Seedling Production for US Northwest FY Billion Northeast Intermountain Great Plains North Central Southwest Southeast The south accounts for what percent of total US production? From Hernández; G, and others Forest nursery seedling production in the United States fiscal year Tree Planters Notes. 58 (2): How Many Seedlings Do We Grow? Region* Bareroot Bareroot % by region Container Container % by region Total seedling produced Total % by region Southern 822,815,000 86% 192,750,000 68% 1,015,564,000 82% Northeast 12,179, % 737, % 12,917,000 1% North Central 62,480, % 10,288, % 72,768,000 6% Great Plains 3.067, % 1,058, % 4,125, % Intermountain 1,875, % 4,816, % 6,691, % Pacific Northwest 58,634, % 56,579,000 20% 115,214,000 9% Pacific Southwest 16,382, % 16,382, % Region Totals 961,051, ,610,000 1,243,661,000 FY 2014 from : Hernández; G, Harper, R.A.; Woodruff, K.J.; Enebak, S.; Overton, R.P.; Lesko, J.; Haase, D. L Forest nursery seedling production in the United States fiscal year Tree Planters Notes. 58(2):

2 What 4 states (in order) produce the most seedlings? (FY2014) Seedling Production: Seedling Production x 1000 Data from USFS, GFC and Nursery Cooperative Research Centers in SFWS AU 1. Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit 2. Forest Policy Center 3. The Center for Forest Sustainability 4. Center for Longleaf Pine Ecosystems 5. The Forest Health Cooperative 6. Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative 2

3 THE SOUTHERN FOREST NURSERY MANAGEMENT COOPERATIVE Headquarters: School of Forestry & Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University Staff: Dr. Scott Enebak Director & Professor Dr. Tom Starkey Research Fellow Dr. Ryan Nadel - Post Doc Barry Brooks Research Assistant Nina Payne Research Assistant Elizabeth Bowersocks Outreach Assistant MISSION STATEMENT The mission of the Nursery Coop is to develop and disseminate in an integrated system for the economical production and utilization of forest tree seedlings in the southern United States. Forest Nursery Company Trivia Which of the following companies do not grow seedlings? 1. Joshua Timber Company 2. Weyerhaeuser 3. Rayonier 4. Plum Creek 5. International Paper Co 6. Smurfit Stone 7. Campbell Group 3

4 Membership Members States Industry Private Arkansas Industry: Plum Creek Private: International Forest Co Georgia Nursery Rayonier Nursery Arborgen Louisiana Weyerhaeuser Campbell Group Company Land No Company Land North Carolina Westervelt Oklahoma Owns a Mill No Mill South Carolina Tennessee Federal Virginia US Forest Service PAST INDUSTRIAL MEMBERS Bowater Bowater Intern. Paper Brunswick Champion Joshua Timber. Buckeye Georgia Pacific Mead/Westvaco Champion Intern. Paper Plum Creek Continental Jefferson Smur. Rayonier Container Kimberly Clark Smurfit Stone Georgia Kraft MacMillan Blod. Weyerhaeuser Great South. Rayonier Hammermill Temple Inland Intern. Paper Tenneco ITT Rayonier Union Camp 2009 Kimberly Clark Westvaco Plum Creek MacMillan Blod. Weyerhaeuser Rayonier St. Regis Smurfit Stone Temple Eastex Weyerhaeuser Tennessee Riv. Union Camp Westvaco Weyerhaeuser 7 4 THE SOUTHERN FOREST NURSERY MANAGEMENT COOPERATIVE bareroot and container nurseries from VA. to TX. Our member nurseries grow % of all trees grown for reforestation in the Southern United States. 4

5 THE SOUTHERN FOREST NURSERY MANAGEMENT COOPERATIVE Since 1972 the Coop has addressed: 1. Pest (weed, insects and disease) problems; 2. Seedling quality and out-planting survival strategies ; 3. Represented the Nursery Community to EPA, USDA, APHIS regarding policy decisions affecting nursery business. THE SOUTHERN FOREST NURSERY MANAGEMENT COOPERATIVE 2015: Outplanting Weevil/insect damage, anaerobic seedlings, freeze injury, possible herbicide damage Improper planting Nurseries irrigation related problems, herbicide injury, fertilizer damage, nematodes, diseases, weeds, insects and mycorrhizae related problems, nursery design issues 5

6 A typical nursery with weed competition ~ s 6

7 MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS Herbicide labeling Goal Cobra Ronstar Poast Reflex Stinger Devrinol Barricade Estimated reduction in nursery weed control costs of 2 million dollars annually (based on 1975 costs) MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS Nursery Coop efforts lead to the labeling of triadimefon (Bayleton ) for Fusiform rust Cronartium quercum f.sp. fusiforme control in nurseries. Best estimates indicate rust incidence fell from 2.5% to 0.01% of all seedlings. Pesticide usage fell from 4 lbs/ac/yr to less than 1 lb/ac/yr Dec 2011, Obtained registration of Proline (prothioconazole) METHYL BROMIDE MBR Backbone of nursery pest control Soil borne pathogens Pine weed control (particularly nutsedge) Hardwood weed control Seedling quality improvement Nematodes MANDATORY PRODUCTION PHASE OUT IN 2005 THROUGH INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOL TO PROTECT THE OZONE LAYER 7

8 METHYL BROMIDE The Coop has coordinated a $2,800,000 + research program over the past 20 years to find a methyl bromide substitute. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Liaison to the Environmental Protection Agency for the Nursery Community. Crop Profile Regulatory questions Pesticide labels New Chemistry Re registration Methyl Bromide Issues FUTURE COOP ISSUES Research Priorities Methyl bromide substitution Nutsedge & weed control Rust control (2008/11 Proline ) Fertilization Seedling quality & survival Biological treatments 8

9 An Historical Look at Nursery Establishment in the South Tom Starkey Auburn University Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative First Forest Nursery in the South Santa Rosa Island, FL (near Pensacola, FL) 1827 live oak Quercus virginiana. Laws/Acts that impacted forestry & nursery industry Forest Reserve Act Authorized withdrawing land from public domain as forest reserves Managed by Department of Interior Transfer Act National forests were transferred from DOI to DOA USFS Weeks Act Foundational Act Allowed US Govt agencies to purchase land for conservation Provided for cooperation of Federal and State agencies for fire control Major national forest under the Weeks Act are the: Allegheny National Forest, White Mountain National Forest, Green Mountain National Forest, Pisgah National Forest, George Washington National Forest, and Ottawa National Forest. 9

10 Laws/Acts that impacted the nursery industry Clark McNaryAct Expanded Weeks Act Allowed USFS to purchase land near existing national forest Provided for Nursery development Soil Bank Act Provided for expansion of State nurseries Expanded Pulp & Paper companies established First Privately Owned Forest Nursery in the South Asheville, NC Managed by Dr Carl Schenck Founder of Biltmore Forest School (1898), the first applied forestry school in the US Destroyed by a flood in

11 First USFS Nursery in the South In 1933, the USFS established the at Pollock, LA. The nursery closed in First Southern State Nurseries AL Sumter 1926 AR Bluff City 1941 FL Raiford 1929 GA Albany 1932 KY Gibertsville 1956 LA Woodworth 1925 MS Hot Coffee 1939 NC Clayton 1930 s OK Stillwater 1926 SC Camden 1930 TN Clinton 1935 TX Conroe Kirbyville 1926 VA 3 Nurseries in state <1949 First Industrial (Company) Nursery 1919 established the first industrial nursery in the South in Bogalusa, LA. The company established a tree nursery at Bogalusa. During ,000,000 slash pine seedlings were planted on 7000 acres of cut over forest land. Trees are planted 900 to the acre Slash cone/seed brought in from GA It closed in

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13 From Bogalusa Story by C. W. Goodyear First Industry Nurseries by State AL Coosa River 1953 AR Weyerhaeuser 1972 FL Rayonier 1950 GA CCC and Brunswick 1956 LA Great Southern Lumber 1919 MS Gaylord Container 1953 NC Federal Paper 1958 OK Weyerhaeuser 1974 SC Westvaco 1969 TN Bowater 1960 TX Stillman 1958 VA Continental Can Company (CCC) Forest Service continued its involvement in nursery research, but forestry schools, some state and industry assumed the lead. Most notably Auburn MSU UGA Vir Div of Forestry Weyerhaeuser 13

14 Philip Wakeley Father of Reforestation USFS Southern Forest Expt Station Bogalusa, LA Great Southern Lumber Co Efforts to understand southern pine seed development, collection, nursery culture Stuart Nursery 1954, published Planting the Southern Pines, provided the modern foundation for southern pine nursery development and plantation establishment NURSERY PRODUCTION SURVEY Scott Enebak November 2015 Conifer Production by Stock: Conifer Production Percent Change from Last Year Bareroot Stock 795,082, % Container Stock 208,055, % Total Conifer 1,003,137, % Table 1, 2 & 3 14

15 Conifer Production: Species Production Percent Change from Last Year Loblolly Pine 778,057, % Slash Pine 100,710, % Longleaf Pine 107,757, % ~ % of Loblolly pine produced is bareroot stock ~90% of Slash pine produced is bareroot stock ~ % of Longleaf pine produced is container stock Table 1, 2 & 3 Conifer Production: Loblolly 78% 77% 76% 75% 80% 79% 83% Slash 10% 10% 9% 9% 11% 11% 10% Longleaf 11% 11% 12% 13% 5% 8% 6% Total 99% 98% 97% 98% 97% 98% 99% Table 1, 2 & 3 Production by Ownership Category: CONIFERS Production Percent Production Percent Bareroot State 75,533, ,320, Private 386,864, ,978, Industry 329,683, ,284, Container State 9,732, ,831,000 5 Private 182,837, ,168, Industry 15,486, ,120, Table 7 15

16 RESULTS Hardwood Production Hardwood Production Percent Change from Last Year Bareroot Stock 27,279,000 5% Container Stock 804,000 48% Total Hardwood 28,083,000 7% Table 4, 5 & 6 Production by Ownership Category: Hardwoods Production Percent Production Percent Bareroot State 12,544, ,845, Private 11,150, ,374, Industry 3,723, ,482,000 9 Container State 8, ,000 1 Private 796, ,514, Industry ,000 2 Table 7 RESULTS - Hardwood production Dogwood 402, , ,000 Eucalyptus 502,000 1,512,000 1,832,000 Green Ash 907,000 1,461,000 1,189,000 Oak 18,210,000 16,544,000 24,053,000 Misc. Species 5,437,000 7,557,000 6,763,000 Pecan 712, , ,000 Sweetgum 571, ,000 1,472,000 Sycamore 621, ,000 2,294,000 Walnut 158, , ,000 Yellow Poplar 563, , ,000 Total 28,083,000 30,265,000 40,026,000 Table 6 16

17 Production by : ALL SPECIES Conifers 1,003,131,000 % Hardwoods 28,221,000 % Total 1,031,355,000 Table 10 Production by State - All species Table 11 AU Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative Members - All species & stock types Nursery Cooperative Members comprise 83% of all regional seedling production. Nursery Cooperative Members comprised 90% of bareroot seedlings and 52% of container seedlings. Table 12 17

18 Seedling Production: Seedling Production x 1000 Data from USFS, GFC and Nursery Cooperative Southern Seedling Planting all Owners & all States: ,000,000 NRCS & CRP 2,500,000 Soil Bank CRP Acres Planted 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, , Data from USFS and GFC QUESTIONS? 18