PAKISTAN STUDIES 2059/02 COMPREHENSIVE WORKSHEET The Environment of Pakistan

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1 PAKISTAN STUDIES 2059/02 COMPREHENSIVE WORKSHEET The Environment of Pakistan The City School PAF Chapter Prep + Senior 1 Section Name: Section: Date: Time: 1 hour 30 minute Candidates answer on the Question Paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer any three questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Q1. (a) (i) Describe two ways in which water supplies can be polluted. [2] (ii) For one of these ways explain how the problem caused by pollution can be solved. [2] (b) Study Fig. 1, a map showing the major rivers of Pakistan.

2 (i) Locate the following two dams on the map: Warsak (W); Diamir Bhasha (under construction) (D). This dam is 150 km downstream of Gilgit. Mark their positions using the appropriate symbol from the key and label each with the correct letter. [2] (ii) What are the advantages of building a dam at the Diamir Bhasha site? [4] (iii) Read the following article about the proposal to build a new dam, the Kalabagh, on the River Indus at the point indicated on the map, Fig. 1. Kalabagh Dam A Controversial Issue Punjab wants the Kalabagh Dam to be built, but there is opposition to the project from a section of the population in Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. Those who are opposed to the dam argue that it might be beneficial for Punjab and harmful for the other provinces. The Kalabagh Dam issue is difficult to resolve at this stage.describe the disputes over water availability and use which can arise from proposals to build dams at sites such as this. [4] (c) Study Photographs A and B (Insert), which show typical scenes of deforestation. (i) State one use of timber from forests that have been cut down. [1] (ii) Using the photographs and your own knowledge, describe the effects of deforestation on the natural environment. [4]

3 (d) Pakistan is rapidly losing its trees. Over the period the country s forests decreased at a rate of 2.2% per year, the ninth highest rate among the world s nations. What actions can be taken to reduce deforestation? To what extent are these actions possible in Pakistan? [6] [Total: 25]

4 Q2. a. Study Fig. 2 which shows the distribution of monthly rainfall in Karachi. Fig. 2 (i) A For how many months does Karachi experience less than 10 mm rainfall? [1] B Estimate the total rainfall in Karachi for the period July to September. [2] (ii) Describe briefly the climatic region in which Karachi is located. [1] (iii) What is the main source of rainfall in Karachi? From which direction do the rain-bearing winds come? Source Direction [2] (iv) Describe the effects of tropical cyclones on cities such as Karachi. [4]

5 (b) Study Photographs A and B (Insert) which show parts of the lower Indus valley. Using the photographs and your own knowledge, explain the advantages for agriculture in areas like this. [4]

6 (c) Study Fig.3which shows rainfall data for two cities on the River Indus. A. Compare the amount and pattern of monthly rainfall in Hyderabad with that of Dera Ismail Khan. [3] B. Give three reasons for any similarities or differences in the two patterns of rainfall Q6.If Balochistan is developed, it can feed the whole of Pakistan. Give five reasons in favour or against of this statement. [6] [3]

7 [Total: 25] 3 (a) Study Fig.4 which shows a map of forest types in Pakistan. (i) Name the forest types found in each of the areas A, B and C. [3]

8 (ii) Name the sea D and the line of latitude E. [2] (iii) Explain why the forest type A grows naturally in cool, hilly areas. [3] (iv) Why is it important that forests by the coast are protected? [4]

9 (b) Study Fig. 5. With reference to Fig. 5, explain how deforestation can cause soil erosion. [5]

10 (c) There has been development of forests in lowland areas of Punjab and Sindh using irrigation. (i) Why is irrigation necessary for new plantations of trees? [2] (ii) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing more irrigated plantations of trees in lowland areas of Punjab and Sindh. [6] 4 (a) Study Fig. 6 map of natural hazards in Pakistan. [Total: 25]

11 (i) Describe the distribution of soil erosion in Balochistan. [3] (ii) Explain why the dry climate of Balochistan increases the risk of soil erosion. [3] (iii) Where does eroded soil go to? [3] (iv) How can soil be protected in areas of low and unreliable rainfall? [4]

12 (b) Study Fig. 6 again. (i) Which area is affected by tropical cyclones? [1] (ii) Describe the physical effects of tropical cyclones in this area. [5] (c) Heavy rain and thunderstorms affect business and industry in urban areas. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the rain and storms. [6] [Total: 25]

13 5 (a) Study Photograph A (Insert), a Persian Wheel. (i) With reference to the photograph, explain how this machine is used for water supply. [3] (ii) What are the advantages and disadvantages of replacing this Persian Wheel with a tubewell? [4] Advantages Disadvantages

14 (b) Study Fig. 7, which shows canal water supply in Pakistan. (i) In which year was the water supply highest? [1] (ii) How much higher was this than the supply in 2002? million acre feet [1] (c) Why is there not enough water supply from canals to meet the needs of all users? [4] (d) Explain why waterlogging and salinity of soils causes problems to farmers. [6]

15 (e) Water pollution is a major problem in urban areas. With reference to examples, explain some of the causes of this pollution, and why it is a major problem to the people who rely on this water supply. [6] [Total: 25]