Biodiversity of Arthropods of French Polynesia

Transcription

1 Biodiversity of Arthropods of French Polynesia

2 Participants Rosemary Gillespie Neal Evenhuis James K. Liebherr Dan Polhemus Elin Claridge Michael Balke Curtis Ewing Douglas Craig Patrick O'Grady Shane McEvey Diana Percy Brad Balukjian Ron Englund Steve Jordan Peter T. Oboyski David Hembry Paul D Krushelnycky George Roderick Jerome Petit Julie Grandgirard Nicholas Porch Jean-Yves Meyer University of California, Berkeley Bishop Museum, Honolulu Cornell University Bishop Museum, Honolulu University of California, Berkeley Zoological State Coll, Munich University of California, Berkeley University of Alberta University of California, Berkeley Australian Museum University of British Colombia University of California, Berkeley Bishop Museum, Honolulu Bucknell University University of California, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley University of Hawaii University of California, Berkeley UC Berkeley, Biocode Minist. Agr., Fr. Polynesia Australian National University Delegation de la Recherche Spiders Flies Beetles Bugs Beetles Beetles Beetles Flies Flies Flies Bugs Bugs Damselflies Damselflies Moths Moths Invasive ants Invasive insects Invasive insects Biocontrol Fossil arthropods

3 Upland cloud forests of the Pacific harbor a unique and endemic biota Many common elements of the arthropod fauna are repeated across many archipelagoes

4 Goals Diversity across islands Where are the hotspots? Where the endemism Biodiversity dynamics What has happened in the distant past? What has happened in the recent past? SO - what does the future hold?

5 Hotspot Archipelagoes Hawaiian Islands Society Islands Marquesas Islands Austral Islands

6 5.1 my Hawaiian Islands More species on older islands? Island hop down chain my my my Society Islands 4.2 my 3.3 my 2.9 my 2.2 my 2.5 my Marquesas Islands 5.5 my 3.7 my 1.9 my 3.3 my 2.4 my 2.0 myrs 1.9 my 1.8 my 1.5 my 0.8 my

7 Where did the central Pacific biota come from?

8 Spiders Tetragnatha moua Gillespie, R.G new endemic species sp. Chile hawaiensis Oahu

9 Crab spiders - Misumenops.75 Garb & Gillespie, Mol Ecology

10 Samoa Diptera Fiji Christmas Is Samoa Fr Polynesia Samoa New Caledonia Fiji New World New World Samoa Fiji Indonesia New Caledonia Indonesia Samoa a) multiple colonizations out of Australia into Pacific. b) Little evidence of stepping stones

11 Spiders Beetles Flies Moths Bugs

12 Australs Many low islands (Raivavae, Rimatara, Tubuai, Rurutu) And Rapa

13 Spiders - Tangaroa tahitiensis & Misumenops rapaensis 12.3 myrs RURUTU 14.8 myrs 10.6 myrs RIMATARA TUBUAI 6.5 myrs RAIVAVAE ~4 my Highly structured - been in the islands a long time 5 my 4 my 3 my 2 my 1 my ~2.2 my RAPA 5.0 myrs Tubuai Tahiti Moorea Rurutu Raivavae Rapa 0

14 Austral Islands Widespread indigenous taxa in some groups Some odd endemic genera (bugs) Rapa is unique Many endemic taxa Many of these unique in French Polynesia Large radiation of weevils & perhaps other lineages

15 Eiao 7.50 my MARQUESAS ISLANDS Nuku Hiva 4.25 my Ua Pou 5.60 my Ua Huka 2.75 my Hiva Oa 2.47 my Tahuata 2.00 my Fatu Hiva 1.40 my

16 ISLAND ENDEMISM Campsicnemus 4 new species groups in the Marquesas, 12 new species

17 Sap Beetles - Cillaeinae 8 new species on Nuku Hiva 6 new species on Hiva Oa

18 Spiders - Tetragnatha Follows age progression

19 Eiao 7.50 my No data MARQUESAS ISLANDS Nabis species richness Nuku Hiva 4.25 my 3 (1) Ua Huka 2.75 my 1 (0) Ua Pou 5.60 my 1 (1) Tahuata No clear pattern 2.00 my of increasing richness 1 (0) with increasing island age Endemics primarily on large, topographically complex islands Hiva Oa 2.47 my 4 (2) Fatu Hiva 1.40 my 1 (0)

20 Eastern Society Islands Conform to a simple hotspot progression Moorea Ma Tahiti Nui Ma Taiarapu Ma

21 ISLAND ENDEMISM Campsicnemus recorded for first time from Societies two endemic species groups: lobatus (5 new species) and zigzag (5 new species) 10 new species : 1 Bora Bora; 1 Moorea; 1 Huahine; 1 Tahiti; 1 Raiatea; 3 Tahiti; 1 Tahaa; 1 Moorea

22 Lineages in cloud forest related across islands Lineages in midelevation forest related across islands Also in many Beetle groups Bug groups

23 31 species on single island

24 T A H I T I

25 Carabid Beetles High diversity in Tahiti Upland species found on multiple spurs of Orohena. Many new & unique species on Mauru Species on Teatara also unique

26 Conclusions Large numbers of new species, some whole new lineages Australs - many native widespread? Rapa quite unique Marquesas - high endemism, need more complete sampling Societies - huge and largely unknown diversity on Tahiti

27 CONCLUSIONS Diversity across islands Where are the hotspots? Where the endemism? TAHITI CLOUD FOREST, BUT ALSO MID ELEV? Biodiversity dynamics What has happened in the distant past? What happened in recent past? SO - what does future hold?

28 5.1 my Hawaiian Islands Society Islands Marquesas Islands my 4.2 my 3.3 my 2.9 my 2.5 my 2.2 my 5.5 my 3.7 my 1.9 my my 1.5 my 3.3 my 2.4 my 2.0 myrs my 1.0 my 1.9 my 1.8 my No effect of increasing diversity with age, as in Hawaii Society Islands Marquesas Islands 5.5 my 5.1 my Hawaiian Islands 4.2 my 3.3 my 2.9 my 2.5 my 2.2 my 3.7 my 3.3 my 1.9 my 2.4 my 2.0 myrs my my 1.5 my 1.0 my 1.9 my 1.8 my my Highest diversity on youngest high islands in French Polynesia

29 Phylogenetic patterns How do they inform conservation?

30 Climate change scenarios

31 What was the prehuman species composition? How do invasives interact with native species?

32 Mauruuru roa! Délégation à la Recherche, Papeete Gump Research Station, Moorea Bishop Museum, Honolulu National Science Foundation UC Berkeley Schlinger Foundation