Canadian Geography 1202

Transcription

1 Canadian Geography 1202 Canada s Natural Systems Climate, Vegetation, Water and Soil Read pages 76-99

2 Vegetation: Glossary Terms Biome Boreal Coniferous Deciduous Natural Vegetation Tree Line Tundra Temperate Rainforest Temperate Write out definitions for homework! See last slide

3 Biomes The types of plants in a biome depend on the climate and landforms in that biome. Biomes closer to the equator have larger trees and plants while biomes further north or south have less vegetation.

4 Boreal Forest The largest biome on Earth, the boreal forest has both coniferous and deciduous trees. Animals like moose, bears, and wolves are also found there.

5 Canada s Rainforests Canada s rainforests are found along the coast of British Columbia. Unlike tropical rainforests, the temperate rainforests of B.C. are far from the equator.

6 Recipe For a Temperate Rainforest Rain all year round 300 cm or more of rain per year. Mild temperatures (0-26 C). A canopy layer of coniferous trees. Moss and ferns growing on the forest floor, covering tree trunks. Rainwater collecting on forest floor. Countless shades of green year round.

7 Water: Glossary Terms Wetland Runoff Drainage Basin Watershed Drainage Divide Write out definitions for homework! See last slide

8 Canada s Drainage Basins

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10 Canada s Drainage Basins A lot of Canada s rain and snow ends up in rivers and lakes (runoff). Rivers flow into oceans and bays. Some water seeps into the soil (groundwater).

11 Canada s Drainage Basins 75% of the water in Canada drains north to the Arctic Ocean or Hudson Bay. Water flows downhill (duh!), so that means areas in the north are at a lower elevation, since water flows in that direction.

12 Canada Land of Lakes There are about two million lakes in Canada! The Great Lakes water system is the largest in the Atlantic Ocean drainage basin. Nine million Canadians and 31 million Americans depend on water from the Great Lakes.

13 Toronto uses 540 billion litres of water from the Great Lakes every year!!!

14 Soil Glossary Terms Fertilizer Pesticide Humus Podzol Chernozem Write out definitions for homework! See last slide

15 Canada s Soil Systems It may look like soil is just a bunch of dirt, but there s actually more living things in it than there are people on Earth.

16 The worms, fungi, bacteria, and other organisms in soil give roots space to grow.

17 Without soil, we don t eat, drink, or even breathe. The soil in Canada is a lower quality than it once was because of pesticides. These pesticides kill creatures that make the soil system work well.

18 The Composition of Soil

19 The Composition of Soil Erosion breaks apart pieces of the bedrock under the soil. Plant roots also break apart rocks and animals dig through the soil, creating openings for roots to grow and water to flow.

20 Types of Soil Podzol Ash grey to brown colour. Form under deciduous and coniferous trees. Acid from coniferous tree needles makes this soil less fertile in places. Chernozem Brown or black in colour. Black chernozem is very fertile and rich in nutrients.

21 Which is which?

22 Do for homework Read page 92. Stretch your thinking #1 Read page 93 Activate your Learning # 1 a and 2 a & b Read pages Activate your learning #1 Read page 98. Activate your Learning # 1, 2, 3 AND write out the 19 definitions from veg, water, soil slides

23 How do climate, vegetation, soil and water interact to influence human life in Canada? Pursuit of primary activities (eg farming, logging, fishing, mining) Transportation (shipping, roads, air travel eg, delays, accidents) Recreation and holidays (types of activities, seasonality of activities, timing of holidays and vacations) Consumer purchasing (seasonality, types of purchases) Housing (type and timing of construction, insulation, heating etc) Spending of tax money (snow clearing, sanding roads, road repair and construction, pre and post storm preparations)