Emerald Ash Borer Readiness and Response Plan for Oregon Wyatt Williams

Transcription

1 Emerald Ash Borer Readiness and Response Plan for Oregon Wyatt Williams Oregon Invasive Species Council February 21, 2018, Salem Oregon Department of Forestry Promoting and Practicing Sustainable Forestry

2 Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) First detected in U.S., million trees killed in 30 states since 1990s Several ash species at risk Ecosystem effects EAB in the U.S.

3 Origins of EAB We now know Russia far east is also in native range.

4 Signs/symptoms of EAB Serpentine larval galleries Classic, D-shaped exit holes of emerging adults. Epicormic shoots and dead canopies.

5 Toledo, OH Before EAB 2006 Photo: Dan Herms

6 Toledo, OH After EAB 2009 Photo: Dan Herms

7 Some effects of EAB

8 Some effects of EAB

9 Some effects of EAB Pictures of natural areas & native ash in the Midwest. Note dead crowns.

10 Host trees in CA and OR Name Common OR CA Fraxinus latifolia Oregon ash Yes Yes Fraxinus americana Urban Origin Susceptible Yes OR, WA, CA Yes White ash Yes Eastern U.S. Yes Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash Yes Eastern U.S. Yes Fraxinus nigra Black ash? Eastern U.S. Yes? Eastern U.S. Moderate Fraxinus quadrangulata Blue ash Fraxinus angustifolia Narrow-leafed ash Yes Eurasia Yes Fraxinus uhdei Tropical ash Yes Mexico Yes? Fraxinus excelsior European ash Yes Europe Yes Fraxinus mandshurica Manchurian ash? East Asia No Fraxinus chinensis Chinese ash? East Asia No

11 White fringe tree Chionanthus virginicus 3 sites in OH with EAB Oleaceae 2 species native to SE U.S. 150 spp. native to SE Asia Ornamental species How much is it being sold and spread across the U.S.? Smithsonian Institute

12 Oregon Ash a widespread and common tree in Oregon, California, and Washington.

13 Our native Oregon ash A common scene in western Oregon. Stand of 100% Oregon ash surrounded by grass seed fields and vineyards.

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15 Elevation range 1000' ' ' %points* 79% 16% 4% Focus for EAB High Medium Low *Data from: ODF EAB surveys, (n=895 points) Oregon Flora Project (n=820 points)

16 Costs of EAB Economic: Tree removal & replacement, property value losses, timber value losses, survey, research, Ecological: changes in water quality, species composition,

17 Costs of EAB, as of 2011 Federal Local government government Household Expenditures Expenditures Expenditures To date $38M $850M $350M Residential Property Value Loss Timber Loss Total $380M $60M $1.7B Aukema et al Economic impacts forest invaders in the U.S. PLoS one. Emerald ash borers have become the most destructive and costly forest insect to ever invade North America. Deborah McCullough Michigan State University

18 Hold onto your Ash! Removal: $435 M ($290/tree) Replacement: $580 M ($387/tree) New EAB invasion in Boulder, CO could cost Denver metro area ~$1 billion! City of Portland Street Tree Inventory 4.8% or 72,000 public ash $21M removal $28M replacement $49M total cost to PDX

19 Oregon s planning process Date Topic Jan 2017 Core steering group formed Apr 2017 Plan outline, decision to expand core group to include key cities July 2017 Reviewed draft plan (50% complete) Sept 2017 Phone conference with eastern states; proposed Advisory Comm. Oct 2017 Phone conference with neighboring states; invitation to Tribes Nov 2017 Plan 95% complete Jan 2018 Advisory Committee meeting and input Feb 2018 Seek input/approval from OISC April 2018 Final plan complete

20 Plan components Introduction and background Define roles of stakeholders Readiness Risk Assessment, Detection Response Communication plan, quarantine, restoration Funding Appendices Sample press release, IPM sheet,

21 Basic messages Defined agency roles beforehand List theorized ecological and economic risks to Oregon Communicate risk to communities Publish best practices for Detection/Control List of Equipment and other supplies needed If EAB detected, convene stakeholder meeting Guidance for seeking funding, communication Suggestions for Restoration/replanting Latest science for IPM Lists of Oregon cities with Tree inventories

22 Next steps Samara group and core members finalizing suggested changes from Jan. Advisory Committee meeting Living document, updated as needed Website: Council Approval for OISC to host this site

23 http:

24 Wyatt Williams Invasive Species Specialist Oregon Dept. of Forestry

25 Treatments Eradication/Suppression Delimitation surveys = Hard work! Eradication = Expensive, ineffective.

26 Treatments - Chemical Tree injections Systemic insecticides Imidacloprid Emamectin benzoate Costly ($100-$500 per tree) Repeat applications every 1-3 years. Not feasible on large scale

27 Treatments - Biological Control Tetrastichus planipennisi, plus other species 21-35% parasitism rate Not enough? Rates still rising? Duan et al T. Murray

28 ODF conducts statewide survey for EAB

29 EAB trap after 8 weeks. Covered in insects

30 EAB trap after 8 weeks. We spiked the traps with real (but dead) EAB adults to see if technicians could find them. They did! 88% of time.

31 Interagency cooperation! Goal: Train professionals how to identify key invasive pests Field courses with mock infestations SAF, Pesticide, ISA credits Reports of suspect invaders submitted online

32 Since EAB is here to stay, some suggest breeding resistance into NA ash species Pinoresinol Whitehill et al Manchurian ash growing in Qingdao, China. EAB does not kill Asian ash species. Why? Recent evidence for unique chemistry that may convey resistance.

33 Firewood is now number one pathway for movement around U.S. **Colorado population was probably from Landscape trees