Id-prices. action, consumption, if softwood products n North America. regional time series data, FORUT RErEARGH tab. no.27. homes J.

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1 Th A45 no.27 a:r.op.2 COMPACT -h bulletin 27 october 1979 action, consumption, Id-prices if softwood products n North America regional time series data, I arius M. Adams uchard W. Haynes homes J. Mills avid Sheerer teven Children I I I f FORUT RErEARGH tab n State University School Of Forestry Corvallis, Oregon ;=.snrtm?enczxa4s :+x'crst-sr.. m

2 Since 1941, the Forest Research Laboratory-part of the School of Forestry at Oregon State University in Corvallis-has been studying forests and why they are like they are. A staff of more than 50 scientists conducts research to provide information for wise public and private decisions on managing and using Oregon's forest resources and operating its wood-using industries. Because of this research, Oregon's forests now yield more in the way of wood products, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Wood products are harvested, processed, and used more efficiently. Employment, productivity, and profitability in industries dependent on forests also have been strengthened. And this research has helped Oregon to maintain a quality environment for its people. Much research is done right in the Laboratory's facilities on the campus. But field experiments in forest genetics, young-growth management, forest hydrology, harvesting methods, and reforestation are conducted on 12,000 acres of School forests adjacent to the campus and on lands of public and private cooperating agencies throughout the Pacific Northwest. With these publications, the Forest Research Laboratory supplies the results of its research to forest land owners and managers, to manufacturers and users of forest products, to leaders of government and industry, and to the general public. As a research bulletin, this publication is one of a series that comprehensively and in detail discusses a long, complex study or summarizes available information on a topic. the authors Darius Adams is associate professor, Department of Forest Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis. Richard Haynes and Thomas Mills both are economists with the U.S. Forest Service-Haynes with the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station in Portland, Oregon, and Mills with the Forest Fire Laboratory, Riverside, California. David Shearer was a research associate and Steven Childress is a graduate research assistant, both with the Department of Forest Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis_ disclaimer The mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. to order copies Copies of this and other Forest Research Laboratory publications are available from: Forest Research Laboratory School of Forestry Oregon State University Corvallis, Oreg Please include author(s), title, and publication number if known.-

3 contents 1 introduction United States supply 4 SUPPLY(1)-(8) 4 SUPPLY(9)-(16) 6 SUPPLY(17)-(18) 6 SUPPLY(19)-(25) 8 SUPPLY(26)-(28) 8 SUPPLY(29)-(30) 9 SUPPLY(31)-(35) 10 SUPPLY(36)-(40) 11 SUPPLY(41)-(42) 11 SUPPLY(43) 12 SUPPLY(44)-(47) 13 SUPPLY(48)-(51) 13 SUPPLY(52)-(56) 14 SUPPLY(57)-(59) 14 SUPPLY(60)-(62) 15 SUPPLY(63)-(67) 16 SUPPLY(68)-(69) 16 SUPPLY(70)-(71) 17 SUPPLY(72)-(78) 18 SUPPLY(79)-(85) 18 SUPPLY(86)-(93) 20 SUPPLY(94)-(96) 20 SUPPLY(97)-(104) 22 SUPPLY(105)-(112) 23 SUPPLY(113)-(116) 24 SUPPLY(117)-(120) 24 SUPPLY(121)-(136) 26 SUPPLY(137)-(140) 27 SUPPLY(141)-(144) 28 SUPPLY(145)-(150) 29 SUPPLY(151)-(158) 30 SUPPLY(159) Lumber production Plywood production Lumber production in the Pacific Southwest Lumber supply price (deflated)-u.s. regions and Canada Lumber prices (deflated) of Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and southern pine species Plywood prices (deflated) in the West and South Lumber production costs (deflated) Plywood production costs (deflated) Plywood manufacturing costs (deflated) in the West and South Plywood manufacturing costs (deflated) in the Pacific Northwest-East Side Lumber recovery factors Plywood recovery factors Pulpwood recovery factors Lumber overrun factors Plywood overrun factors Logging costs (deflated) U.S. softwood lumber trade-total exports and imports from countries other than Canada U.S. softwood plywood trade-total exports and imports Personal income (deflated) Population Other demands for stumpage U.S. softwood log trade-pnww exports and imports, PSW exports Volume cut by forestry industry and other private ownerships in the West Inventory of forest industry and other private ownerships in the West Volume cut by forest industry and other private ownerships in the North Inventory of forest industry and other private ownerships in the North Volume cut by national forests and other public ownerships Volume cut by forest industry and other private ownerships in the South Inventory of forest industry and other private ownerships in the South Stumpage prices (deflated) Total harvest volumes Producer price index for all commodities demand 32 DEMAND(1)-(6) 34 DEMAND(7)-(12) 35 DEMAND(13)-(18) 36 DEMAND(19)-(24) 37 DEMAND(25)-(30) 38 DEMAND(31)-(36) Lumber demand (apparent consumption) Plywood demand (apparent consumption) Lumber demand price (deflated) Plywood demand price (deflated) Personal income (deflated) Population

4 Canada 40 CANADA(1) Total softwood lumber exports 40 CANADA(2) Softwood lumber exports to countries other than U.S. 41 CANADA(3) Softwood lumber imported by the U.S. from Canada 41 CANADA(4) Total production of softwood lumber 42 CANADA(5) Production costs (deflated) of softwood lumber 42 CANADA(6) Gross expenditures (deflated) on all construction in 43 CANADA(7) Canada 43 CANADA(8) Prices (deflated) of softwood lumber Canadian-U.S. exchange rate

5 11 11 introduction, The data presented in this bulletin were compiled for use in the 1980 Renewable Resources Planning Act Timber Assessment conducted by the U.S. Forest Service. They were used to develop structural equations and relationships comprising the 1980 Timber Assessment Market Model.' Many of these data series, spanning 27 years of softwood production and consumption in the United States, were derived from unpublished sources. This compilation makes that data generally available to analysts for the first time. Of particular interest are the series on regional consumption of softwood lumber and plywood; f.o.b. mill prices for softwood plywood (based on actual region of origin); timber harvest volumes by region and ownership; costs, by region, of producing softwood lumber and plywood; regional production of lumber, plywood, and other products; and average regional recovery and overrun factors for lumber and plywood. Except where noted, all series expressed in monetary units (such as prices) have been deflated by the all-commodity producer price index (1967=100.0) of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics [SUPPLY (159)]. Most series cover the years 1950 through The symbol "-0" denotes observations that were missing or unavailable at the time of publication. If the form of the data we present differs from that provided by the source, a section tells how we derived our data. Series denoted as SUPPLY are generally based on eight regions (Fig. 1): Pacific Northwest West (PNWW), Pacific Northwest East (PNW'E), Pacific Southwest (PSW), Rockies, North Central (NC), South Central (SC), Northeast (NE), and Southeast (SE). Series denoted DEMAND are generally based on six regions (Fig. 2): Northwest (NW), Rockies, Southwest (SW), North Central (NC), South, and Northeast (NE). Note that the, Rockies, Northeast, and Southwest regions differ for the two series. In certain cases, data limitations required that regions be combined for a particular supply or demand series. For example, the PNW or NW supply region used for some supply series is a combination of the PNWW and PNWE supply regions. Figure 1. Supply regions in the United States. II 1 A monograph describing the market model-"the 1980 softwood timber assessment market model: structure, projections, and policy simulations" by Darius M. Adams and Richard W. Haynes-is available from the senior author. Figure 2. Demand regions in the United States. 1

6 United States Supply HE V I,

7 United States Supply SUPPLY(1)-(8). LUMBER PRODUCTION. (million board feet, lumber tally) YEAR NORTHEAST NORTH-CENTRAL SOUTHEAST SOUTH-CENTRAL SUPPLY(9)-(16). PLYWOOD PRODUCTION. (million square feet, surface measure, 3/8-inch basis) YEAR NORTHEAST NORTH-CENTRAL SOUTHEAST SOUTH-CENTRAL _

8 ROCKY MTNS PAC. SOUTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST WESTSTDE PAC. NORTHWEST EASTSIOE SOURCE U.S. Bureau of the Census. Annual issues Lumber roduction. p '3.700 and mill stocks. Series MA-24T: Current Industrial Reports.. U.S Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C , /1./ , ROCKY MTNS PAC. SOUTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST W E ST SI D E EASTSIDE , , SOURCE American Plywood Association. Undated. Softwood plywood production by states. Processed data. APA, Tacoma, Washington. 5

9 SUPPLY(17)-(18). LUMBER PRODUCTION IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST. (million board feet, lumber tally) YEAR REDWOOD REGION INLAND REGION SUPPLY(18) SUPPLY(19) SUPPLY(19)-(25). LUMBER SUPPLY PRICE (DEFLATED)-U.S. REGIONS AND CANADA. (dollars per thousand board feet, lumber tally) YEAR PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. SOUTHWEST ROCKY MTNS WEST SIDE EAST SIDE , Data for the redwood subregion came from the National Forest Products Association. The Western Wood Products Association provided information for the inland subregion. SOURCES National Forest Products Association. Monthly issues. Fingertip facts and figures. NFPA, Washington, D.C. Western Wood Products Association. Annual issues. Statistical yearbook. WWPA, Portland, Oregon.

10 ;OUTH-CENTRAL SOUTHEAST CANACA These prices, in U.S. dollars, cover only board and dimension grades. Prices for the PNWW, PNWE, SC, and SE regions came from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; Canadian data were provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. For the U.S. regions, we calculated the lumber prices as: PNWW = price of Douglas-fir [SUPPLY(26)] PNWE = price of ponderosa pine [SUPPLY(27)] PSW = (inland volume X price of ponderosa pine) + (redwood volume X price of Douglas-fir) inland volume + redwood volume _ [SUPPLY(18) X SUPPLY(27)] + [SUPPLY(17) X SUPPLY(26)] / SUPPLY(18) + SUPPLY(17) RM = (price of Douglas-fir) (price of ponderosa pine) = [SUPPLY(26)] [SUPPLY(27)] SC = SE = price of southern pine [SUPPLY(28)] For the Canadian prices, -ihe total value of softwood lumber imported from Canada was divided by total volume (this is the so-called "customs value" of imports). SOURCES U.S. Bureau of the Census. Monthly issues. U.S. imports-commodity by country, FT135. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Monthly issues. Wholesale prices and price indexes. U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, D.C. 7

11 SUPPLY(29)-(30). SUPPLY(26)-(28). LUMBER PRICES (DEFLATED) OF DOUGLAS-FIR, PONDEROSA PINE, AND SOUTHERN PINE SPECIES. (dollars per thousand board feet, lumber tally) YEAR DOUGLAS-FIR PONDEROSA PINE SOUTHERN PINE PLYWOOD PRICES (DEFLATED) IN THE WEST AND SOUTH. (dollars per thousand square feet, surface measure, 3/8-inch basis) 8 YEAR WEST SOUTH ? For western prices, we converted the price index (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) to dollars by multiplying by actual prices in The f.o.b. mill prices for southern plywood (Evans, annual issues), reported as if shipments originated in the West, were estimated by adding the difference in transportation cost between plywood of western and southern origin (i.e., western cost minus southern cost) to reported prices. We computed transport costs as average costs from Springfield, Oregon, and several southern points to several northcentral and northeastern destinations. Original prices for These prices, which include only board and dimension grades averaged using a weighted wholesale price index (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics), were converted to dollars by multiplying the indexes by the actual prices in 1967 SOURCE U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Monthly issues. Wholesale prices and price indexes. U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, D.C. 3/8-, 1/2-, 5/8-, and 3/4-inch exterior grades were converted to 3/8-inch basis and averaged using weights from the wholesale price index (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Prices for 1964 through 1966 were extrapolated by means of a regression on western prices. SOURCES Evans, D. S., editor. Annual issues. Random lengths yearbook. Random Lengths Publishing Co., Eugene, Oregon. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Monthly issues. Wholesale prices and price indexes. U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, D.C.

12 SUPPLY (31H35). LUMBER PRODUCTION COSTS (DEFLATED). (dollars per thousand board feet, log scale, Scribner) YEAR PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. SOUTHWEST ROCKY MTNS WEST SIDE EAST SIDE SOUTH 19, , We calculated total cost as the sum of logging and manufacturing costs (excluding roads) from appraisals of national forest timber sales provided by the U.S. Forest Service (Region 6 provided costs for the PNWE and PNWW; the Division of Timber Management provided others). However, we removed plywood costs included in the original appraisals. Note that we extrapolated the pre-1964 data for the PNWE and PNWW by using the regression relationship between costs and average hourly earnings in the lumber and wood products industry (SIC 24)- for Washington (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). For the other regions, we extrapolated -pre-1966 data using average hourly earnings for California (PSW), Idaho (Rockies), and Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina (South). SOURCES U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment and earnings statistics for states and areas, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, D.C. U.S. Forest Service. Quarterly issues. National forest advertised timber sales, Region Six. Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon. U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished appraisal summaries. Division of Timber Management, Washington, D.C. 9

13 SUPPLY(36)-(40). PLYWOOD PRODUCTION COSTS (DEFLATED). (dollars per thousand square feet, surface measure, 3/8-inch basis) YEAR We derived production costs by summing milling (manufacturing) and logging costs: PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. SOUTHWEST ROCKY HTNS SOUTH WEST SIDE EAST SIDE ' " , , G Region Relation Source PNWW SUPPLY(36) = SUPPLY(41) + SUPPLY(63)/SUPPLY(57) APA; U.S. For. Serv., Timber Manage. PNWE SUPPLY(37) = [SUPPLY(43) + SUPPLY(64)] /SUPPLY(58) U.S. For. Serv. (both) PSW SUPPLY(38) = SUPPLY(41) + SUPPLY(65)/SUPPLY(57) APA; U.S. For. Serv., Timber Manage. ROCKIES SUPPLY(39) = [SUPPLY(43) + SUPPLY(66)] /SUPPLY(58) U. S. For. Serv. (both) SOUTH SUPPLY(40) = SUPPLY(42) + SUPPLY(67)/SUPPLY(59) APA SOURCES American Plywood Association. Annual issues. Comparative cost summary. APA, Tacoma, Washington. U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished data. Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon. U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished appraisal summaries. Division of Timber Management, Washington, D.C. 10

14 SUPPLY(41)-(42). PLYWOOD MANUFACTURING COSTS (DEFLATED) IN THE WEST AND SOUTH. (dollars per thousand square feet, surface measure, 3/8-inch basis) YEAR WEST SOUTH These manufacturing costs include only the costs of milling and processing between pond and car (American Plywood Association); no allowance was made for the value of byproducts. The western supply (41) applies to the PNWW and PSW regions; SUPPLY(42) applies to SE and SC. SOURCE SUPPLY(43). PLYWOOD MANUFACTURING COSTS (DEFLATED) IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST- EAST SIDE. (dollars per thousand board feet, log scale, Scribner) YEAR PAC. NORTHWEST EAST SIDE These unpublished figures (U.S. Forest Service) also apply to the Rocky Mountain supply region. SOURCE U.S. Forest Service. Unpublished data. Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon. American Plywood Association. Annual issues. Comparative cost summary. APA, Tacoma, Washington. 11

15 SUPPLY(44)-(47). LUMBER RECOVERY FACTORS. (cubic feet, log scale per board foot, lumber tally) North South Rockies Pacific Year These series were derived from mill studies reported by the U.S. Forest Service. A change in lumber standards increased recovery by 5 percent after The Pacific region here includes the PNWW, PNWE, and PSW regions. SOURCES U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished tabulations. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished tabulations. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. 12

16 SUPPLY(48)-(51). PLYWOOD RECOVERY FACTORS (cubic feet, log scale per square foot, surface measure, 3/8-inch basis) North South Rockies Pacific Year These series were derived from mill studies reported by the U.S. Forest Service. The Pacific region includes the PNWW, PNWE, and PSW regions. SOURCES U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished tabulations. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. SUPPLY(52)-(56). PULPWOOD RECOVERY FACTORS. (cubic feet, log scale per cord) North- North- South- Southeast central east central West Year B SOURCES U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished tabulations. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished tabulations. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished tabulations. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. 13

17 SUPPLY(57)-(59). LUMBER OVERRUN FACTORS. (board feet, lumber tally per board foot, log scale, Scribner) Coast Interior South SUPPLY( 60)-(62). PLYWOOD OVER RUN FAC TORS. (square feet, surface measure, 3/8-inch basis per board foot, log scale, Scribner) Year Coast Interior South Year Both the West Coast (PNWW and PSW regions) and the South were derived from forest industry sources. Data for the interior (PNWE and Rockies) were provided by the U.S. Forest Service. SOURCE U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished tabulations. Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon. Data for the West Coast (PNWW and PSW), as well as the South, are taken from the American Plywood Association. Figures for the interior (PNWE and Rockies) are from the U.S. Forest Service. SOURCES American Plywood Association. Annual issues. Comparative cost summary. APA, Tacoma, Washington. U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished tabulations. Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon. 14

18 SUPPLY(63)-(67). LOGGING COSTS (DEFLATED). (dollars per thousand board feet, log scale, Scribner) YEAR PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. SOUTHWEST POCKY MTNS SOUTH WEST SIDE EAST SIDE s? SOURCE U.S. Forest Service. Undated. Unpublished appraisal summaries. Division of Timber Management, Washington, D.C. 15

19 SUPPLY(68)-(69). U.S. SOFTWOOD LUMBER TRADE- TOTAL EXPORTS AND IMPORTS FROM COUNTRIES OTHER THAN CANADA. (million board feet, lumber tally) YEAR IMPOKTS, OTHER THAN CANADIAN TOTAL EXPORTS F F r, F Q A !! SUPPLY(70)-(71). U.S. SOFTWOOD PLYWOOD TRADE- TOTAL EXPORTS AND IMPORTS. (million square feet, surface measure, 3/8-inch basis) TOTAL EXPORTS TOTAL IMPORTS YEAR F q SOURCES U.S. Bureau of the Census. Monthly issues. U.S. exports-commodity by country, FT410. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Monthly issues. U.S. imports-commodity by country, FT135. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. SOURCES U.S. Bureau of the Census. Monthly issues. U.S. exports-commodity by country, FT410. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Monthly issues. U.S. imports-commodity by country, FT135. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 16

20 SUPPLY (72H78). PERSONAL INCOME (DEFLATED). (million 1967 dollars) NORTHWEST SOUTHWEST ROCKY MTNS NORTHCENTRAL NORTHEAST SOUTHCENTRAL SOUTHEAST YEAR The original data, given by state (U.S. Department of Commerce), were reaggregated into regions. Then data were adjusted to conform with OBERS estimates of personal income (U.S. Water Resources Council 1974). Results were deflated by the grossnational-product implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures (U.S. Department of Commerce). SOURCES U.S. Department of Commerce. Various issues. Survey of current business. Office of Business Economics, Washington, D.C. U.S. Water Resources Council OBERS projections of regional economic activity in the U.S. Vol. II, series E, population. Washington, D.C. 178 p. 17

21 SUPPLY (86H93). SUPPLY (79) 485). POPULATION. (thousands of persons) I YEAR NORTHEEST SOUTHUEST ROCKY MTNS NORTHCENTRAL NORTHEAST SOUTHCENTRAL SOUTHEAST OTHER DEMANDS FOR STUMPAGE. (million cubic feet, log scale) YEAR PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEET PAC. SOUTHWEST WEST SIDE FAST SIDE RGCKY MTNS NOfTH-CENTkAL NORTHEAST _ E ? E E !? '

22 The original data, given by state (U.S. Department of Commerce), were reaggregated into supply regions. SOURCE Department of Commerce. U.S. Various issues. Survey of current business. Office of Business Economics, Washington, D.C. SOUTH-CENTRAL SOUTHEAST F A E /3./ This series equals the sum of the roundwood equivalents of pulpwood, fuelwood, and miscellaneous products. SOURCES American Plywood Association. Undated. Softwood plywood production by states. Processed figures. APA, Tacoma, Washington. Bertelson, D. F. Annual issues. Southern pulpwood production. U.S. Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, North Carolina, and U.S. Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, Louisiana. Resource Bulletin Series. Bones, J. T. and D. R. Dickson. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the northeast. U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. Research Note Series. Ruderman, F. K. Quarterly issues. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Pacific Northwest forest industries. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Annual issues. Lumber production and mill stocks. Series MA-24T: Current industrial reports. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. U.S. Forest Service. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the central states. North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota. Research Note Series. U.S. Forest Service The outlook for timber in the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Forest Resource Report p. 19

23 SUPPLY(94)-(96). U.S. SOFTWOOD LOG TRADE- PNWW EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, PSW EXPORTS. (million cubic feet, log scale) FXPO?TS FROt' PNWW IMPORTS TO P'JWW YEAR EXPOPTS FROM PSW 96 19F , , , x FO F , ,790 19, We considered the PNWW as all ports in western Washington and Oregon; the PSW was all California ports. SOURCE Ruderman, F. K. Quarterly issues. Production, prices, employment, and trade in the Pacific Northwest forest industries. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon. SUPPLY(97)-(104). VOLUME CUT BY FOREST INDUSTR' AND OTHER PRIVATE OWNERSHIPS IN THE WEST. (million cubic feet, log scale) A. Forest industry YEAR PAC. NOPTHWEST PAC. NORTHWES WEST SIDE EAST SIDE Total regional harvests were estimated by summing the roundwood equivalents of lumber, plywood, pulpwood, fuelwood, miscellaneous products, and log exports [see SUPPLY(151)-(158)]. Harvest from forest industry and other private lands was estimated by trending and extrapolating proportions of total harvests in 1952, 1962, and 1970 (U.S. Forest Service 1973). SOURCES American Plywood Association. Undated. Softwood plywood production by states. Processed figures. APA, Tacoma, Washington. 20 Bertelson, D. F. Annual issues. Southerr pulpwood production.

24 PAC. SOUTHWEST ROCKY MTNS B. Other private ownerships. PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. SOUTHWEST ROCKY MTNS WEST SIDE EAST SIDE E , [ t , U.S. Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, North Carolina; and U.S. Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, Louisiana. Resource Bulletin Series. Bones, J. T. and D. R. Dickson. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the northeast. U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. Research Note Series. Ruderman, F. K. Quarterly issues. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Pacific Northwest forest industries. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Annual issues. Lumber production and mill stocks. Series MA-24T: Current industrial reports. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. U.S. Forest Service. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the central states. North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota. Research Note Series. U.S. Forest Service The outlook for timber in the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Forest Resource Report p. 21

25 SUPPLY(105)-(112). INVENTORY OF FOREST INDUSTRY AND OTHER PRIVATE OWNERSHIPS IN THE WEST. (million cubic feet) A. Forest industry YEAR PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. SOUTHWEST ROCKY MTNS WEST SIDE EAST SIDE A ,000 1t , We trended and extrapolated 1952, 1962, and 1970 inventories to determine these series. SOURCE U.S. Forest Service The outlook for timber in the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Forest Resource Report p. B. Other private ownerships YEAR PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. SOUTHWEST ROCKY HTNS WEST SIDE EAST SIDE '

26 SUPPLY(113)-(116). VOLUME CUT BY FOREST INDUSTRY AND OTHER PRIVATE OWNERSHIPS IN THE NORTH. (million cubic feet, log scale) A. Forest industry B. Other private ownerships YEAR NORTHCENTRAI NORTHEAST NORTHCENTRAL NORTHEAST Total regional harvests were estimated by summing the roundwood equivalents of lumber, plywood, fuelwood, miscellaneous products, and log exports [see SUPPLY(151)-(158)]. Harvest from forest industry and other private lands was estimated by trending and extrapolating proportions of total harvest in 1952, 1962, and 1970 (U.S. Forest Service 1973). SOURCES American Plywood Association. Undated. Softwood plywood production by states. Processed figures. APA, Tacoma, Washington. Bertelson, D. F. Annual issues. Southern pulpwood production. U.S. Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, North Carolina; and U.S. Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, Louisiana. Resource Bulletin Series. Bones, J. T. and D. R. Dickson. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the northeast. U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. Research Note Series. Ruderman, F. K. Quarterly issues. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Pacific Northwest forest industries. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Annual issues. Lumber production and mill stocks. Series MA-24T: Current industrial reports. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. U.S. Forest Service. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the central states. North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota. Research Note Series. U.S. Forest Service The outlook for timber in the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Forest Resource Report p. 23

27 SUPPLY(117)-(120). INVENTORY OF FOREST INDUSTRY AND OTHER PRIVATE OWNERSHIPS IN THE NORTH. (million cubic feet) A. Forest industry B. Other private ownerships 't EAR NORTHCENTRAL NORTHEAST NORTHCENTRAL NORTHEAST ' » We trended and extrapolated 1952, 1962, and 1970 inventories to determine these series. SOURCE U.S. Forest Service The outlook for timber in the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Forest Resource Report p. SUPPLY(121)-(136). VOLUME CUT BY NATIONAL FORESTS AND OTHER PUBLIC OWNERSHIPS. (million cubic feet) A. National forests YEAR PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. SOUTHWEST VEST SIDE EAST B. Other public ownerships YEAR PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. SOUTHWEST VEST SIDE. EAST SIDE

28 ROCKY NTNS NORTHCENTRAL NORTHEAST SOUTHCENTRAL SOUTHEAST ROCKY NTNS NORTHCENTRAL NORTHEAST SOUTHCENTRAL SOUTHEAST Total regional harvests were estimated by summing the roundwood equivalents of lumber, pulpwood, fuelwood, miscellaneous products, and log exports. Harvest from national forests and other public lands was estimated by trending and extrapolating proportions of total harvest in 1952, 1962, and 1970 (U.S. Forest Service 1973). SOURCES American Plywood Association. Undated. Softwood plywood production by states. Processed figures. APA, Tacoma, Washington. Bertelson, D. F. Annual issues. Southern pulpwood production. U.S. Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, North Carolina; and U.S. Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, Louisiana. Resource Bulletin Series. Bones, J. T. and D. R. Dickson. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the northeast. U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. Research Note Series. Ruderman, F. K. Quarterly issues. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Pacific Northwest forest industries. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Annual issues. Lumber production and mill stocks. Series MA-24T: Current industrial reports. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. U.S. Forest Service. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the central states. North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota. Research Note Series. U.S. Forest Service The outlook for timber in the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Forest Resource Report p. 25

29 SUPPLY(137)-(140). VOLUME CUT BY FOREST INDUSTRY AND OTHER PRIVATE OWNERSHIPS IN THE SOUTH. (million cubic feet) A. Forest industry B. Other private ownerships YEAR SOUTHEAST SOUTH-CENTRAL SOUTHEAST SOUTH-CENTRAL Total regional harvests were estimated by summing the roundwood equivalents of lumber, pulpwood, fuelwood, miscellaneous products, and log exports [see SUPPLY(151)-(158)]. Harvest from forest industry and other private lands was estimated by trending and extrapolating proportions of total harvest in 1952, 1962, and 1970 (U.S. Forest Service 1973). SOURCES American Plywood Association. Undated. Softwood plywood production by states. Processed figures. APA, Tacoma, Washington. Bertelson, D. F. Annual issues. Southern pulpwood production. U.S. Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 26 Asheville, North Carolina; and U.S. Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, Louisiana. Resource Bulletin Series. Bones, J. T. and D. R. Dickson. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the northeast. U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. Research Note Series. Ruderman, F. K. Quarterly issues. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Pacific Northwest forest industries. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Annual issues. Lumber production and mill stocks. Series MA-24T: Current industrial reports. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. U.S. Forest Service. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the central states. North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota. Research Note Series. U.S. Forest Service The outlook for timber in the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Forest Resource Report p.

30 SUPPLY(141)-(144). INVENTORY OF FOREST INDUSTRY AND OTHER PRIVATE OWNERSHIPS IN THE SOUTH. (million cubic feet) A. Forest industry B. Other private ownerships YEAR SOUTHEAST SOUTH-CENTRAL SOUTHEAST SOUTH-CENTRAL , We trended and extrapolated 1952, 1962, and 1970 inventories to determine these series. SOURCE U.S. Forest Service The outlook for timber in the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Forest Resource Report p. 27

31 SUPPLY(145)-(150). STUMPAGE PRICES (DEFLATED). (dollars per thousand board feet, log scale, Scribner) YEAR NORTH SOUTH ROCKY MTNS , SOURCES U.S. Forest Service. Quarterly issues. Stumpage prices for sawtimber sold from national forests, by selected species and regions. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. U.S. Forest Service. Unpublished prices from annual cut-and-sold reports compiled by the regional offices. YEAR PAC. SOUTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. NORTHWEST WEST SIDE EAST SIDE , ,

32 SUPPLY(151)-(158). TOTAL HARVEST VOLUMES. (million cubic feet, log scale) YEAR PAC. NORTHWEST -PAC. NORTHWEST PAC. SOUTHWEST ROCKY MTNS WEST SIDE EAST SIDE YEAR NORTH- CENTRAL NORTHEAST SOUTH-CENTRAL SOUTHEAST ) , , We calculated total harvest volume as the sum of the roundwood equivalents of lumber, plywood, pulpwood, fuelwood, miscellaneous products, and log exports. SOURCES American Plywood Association. Undated. Softwood plywood production by states. Processed figures. APA, Tacoma, Washington. Bertelson, D. F. Annual issues. Southern pulpwood production. U.S. Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, North Carolina; and U.S. Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, Louisiana. Resource Bulletin Series. Bones, J. T. and D. R. Dickson. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the northeast. U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. Research Note Series. Ruderman, F. K. Quarterly issues. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Pacific Northwest forest industries. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Annual issues. Lumber production and mill stocks. Series MA-24T: Current industrial reports. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. U.S. Forest Service. Annual issues. Pulpwood production in the central states. North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota. Research Note Series. U.S. Forest Service The outlook for timber in the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Forest Resource Report p. 29

33 SUPPLY(159). PRODUCER PRICE INDEX FOR ALL COMMODITIES. (index, 1967 = 1,000) YEAR 1967 = 1.00 SOURCE U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Monthly issues. Wholesale prices and price indexes. U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, D.C

34 United States Demand 31

35 United States Demand DEMAND(1)-(6). LUMBER DEMAND (APPARENT CONSUMPTION). (million board feet, lumber tally) NORTHWEST SOUTHWEST ROCKY MTNS NORTH-CENTRAL YEAR Percentage of total shipments to each demand region from the Douglas-fir, western pine, and southern pine regions was estimated from shipment reports published by the Western Wood Products Association, California Redwood Association, and Southern Forest Products Association. (Shipments from the Douglas-fir and western pine regions were adjusted for intrafirm transfers.) These percentages were applied to total shipments to all destinations (domestic and foreign) estimated by the National Forest Products Association. Shipments from the Northeast and North Central supply regions were assumed to equal production and to remain within the region where produced. The percentage of Canadian shipments to U.S. demand regions 1967 was calculated from since special tabulations provided by Statistics Canada; however, we estimated data before These percentages were multiplied by the estimates of softwood lumber imports from Canada (U.S. Bureau of the Census). Imports from countries other than Canada were assumed to be distributed across the consuming regions in the same proportions as total domestic and Canadian shipments. These shipments to each demand region were then summed as an initial estimate of lumber consumption in each demand region. Summing estimates for all regions provided an estimate of total U.S. consumption. From the regional and national totals, we computed percentages of national consumption and applied the percentages 32

36 NORTHEAST SOUTH to total U.S. apparent consumption. This yielded the final estimates of consumption by region: apparent consumption = domestic production + imports - exports SOURCES National Forest Products Association. Monthly issues. Fingertip facts and figures. NFPA, Washington, D.C. California Redwood Association. Semi-annual issues. Semi-annual report of redwood shipments. CRA, San Francisco, California. Southern Forest Products Association. Semi-annual issues. Distribution of southern pine shipments. SFPA, New Orleans, Louisiana. Statistics Canada to date. Special tabulations of Canadian export lumber by U.S. region of lading. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Monthly issues. U.S. importscommodity by country, FT135. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. Western Wood Products Association. Quarterly issues. Destination of shipments of western wood species by state. WWPA, Portland, Oregon. 33

37 DEMAND(7-(12). PLYWOOD DEMAND (APPARENT CONSUMPTION). (million square feet, surface measure, 3/8-inch basis) YEAR NORTHWEST SOUTHWEST ROCKY HTNS NORTH-CENTRAL NORTHEAST SOUTH , Percentages of shipments reported for the entire U.S. softwood plywood industry to all domestic demand regions (American Plywood Association) were applied to total U.S. apparent consumption. (This assumed that softwood plywood imports were distributed across demand regions in the same proportion as domestic shipments.) SOURCE American Plywood Association. Quarterly issues. Industry shipments of plywood. APA, Tacoma, Washington. 34

38 DEMAND(13)-(18). LUMBER DEMAND PRICE (DEFLATED). (dollars per thousand board feet, lumber tally) NORTHWEST SOUTHWEST ROCKY NTNS NORTH-CENTRAL NORTHEAST SOUTH YEAR , Prices are the averages of January 1 price quotations for carload lots delivered to all cities reported within each demand region. Lumber prices cover only board and dimension grades for Douglasfir or southern pine lumber. SOURCE Godfrey, R. S., editor. Annual issues. Building construction cost data. Robert Snow Means Company, Massachusetts. Duxbury, 35

39 DEMAND(19)-(24). PLYWOOD DEMAND PRICE (DEFLATED). (dollars per thousand square feet, 318-inch basis) NORTHWEST SOUTHWEST ROCKY HTNS NORTH-CENTRAL NORTHEAST SOUTH YEAR E E , Prices are the averages of January 1 price quotations for carload lots delivered to all cities reported within each demand region. Plywood prices cover only 3/4-inch and 5/8-inch C-D exterior grades. SOURCE Godfrey, R. S., editor. Annual issues. Building construction cost data. Robert Snow Means Company, Massachusetts. Duxbury, 36

40 DEMAND(25)-(30). PERSONAL INCOME (DEFLATED). (million 1967 dollars) YEAR NORTHUEST SOUTHUEST ROCKY NTNS NORTHCENTRAL NORTHEAST SOUTH The original data, given by state (U.S. Department of Commerce), were reaggregated into regions. Then data were adjusted to conform with OBERS estimates of personal income (U.S. Water Resources Council 1974). Results were deflated by the implicit gross national product deflator for personal consumption expenditures (U.S. Department of Commerce). SOURCES U.S. Department of Commerce. Various issues. Survey of current business. Office of Business Economics, Washington, D.C. U.S. Water Resources Council OBE RS projections of regional economic activity in the U.S. Vol. II, series E, population. Washington, D.C. 178 p. 37

41 DEMAND(31)-(36). POPULATION. (thousands of persons) YEAR NORTHWEST SOUTHWEST ROCKY MTNS NORTHCENTRAL NORTHEAST SOUTH The original data, given by state (U.S. Department of Commerce), were reaggregated into regions. SOURCE U.S. Department of Commerce. Various issues. Survey of current business. Office of Business Economics, Washington, D.C. 38

42 Canada 39