Non-native Species Policy and Practice in GB: current and future challenges. Niall Moore Head of the GB Non-native Species Secretariat

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1 Non-native Species Policy and Practice in GB: current and future challenges Niall Moore Head of the GB Non-native Species Secretariat

2 What are non-native species? Any animals or plants that have established themselves in Great Britain with the assistance of man

3 What are invasive non-native species? Any animals or plants that have established themselves in Great Britain with the assistance of man And that have a negative environmental, economic or social impact

4 Number of non-native species Invasive Non-native species Growing problem in GB >2,000 species established 60 Freshwater 80 Marine 1,900 Terrestrial 10-25% Invasive 0

5 Economic Impact World EU US China UK $ 1.4 trillion PA 5% of global GDP 12 billion+ PA $ 138 billion PA $ 14.5 billion in % of GDP 1.7 billion PA

6 Gaps in Policy Framework Animal Health Plant Health Invasive species Bee Health Fish Health

7 Policy Background: Review Key Recommendations Co-ordination Risk assessment Codes of conduct Education and awareness Legislation Monitoring and surveillance Policies for control Stakeholder engagement

8 GB NNS mechanism components Stake holder engagement Forum Sounding board Non-native Risk Analysis Mech. GB Programme Board Non-native Species Secretariat Existing species Media & Comms. Working Group Monitoring New detections Horizon scanning Rapid Response Working group

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10 GB Framework Strategy Strategy Aim Sets out a high-level policy framework providing a context for national, regional and local initiatives

11 GB Framework Strategy Strategy Aim Sets out a high-level policy framework providing a context for national, regional and local initiatives Key Actions 49

12 CBD Three Tier Approach Prevention Monitoring and Rapid response Control

13 Three P s Prevention Precautionary Proportionate

14 Risk assessment Generic methodology based on Plant Health (EPPO) Mechanism to review

15 Risk assessment Risk assessment Impacts Severity = likelihood x consequence Entry Establishment Spread

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18 Ludwigia grandiflora Eichhornia crassipes Entry Establishment Spread Impact Overall V. High V. High Moderate High V. High Entry Establishment Spread Impact Overall V. High V. Low V. Low Low V. Low Response Alert! Legislation Rapid response Response Monitor and review

19 Issues with Risk assessments Impact data often lacking Experts tend to be over-cautious Comprehensive ones are slow and cumbersome Would take >100 years to do all established GB species Which species to prioritise for risk assessment?

20 Horizon scanning

21 Risk management Averting/minimising negative consequences Risk management = benefits / costs e.g. Feasibility Financial cost Lack of support Non-target impacts

22 Risk Communication Difficult to communicate risk, likelihood and uncertainty Policy makers/ministers General public

23 Species approach not sufficient - Pathways Daisie 2010

24 How to prioritise pathways? Need Pathway Risk Assessments How define pathways? Data to populate are lacking Number of species Volume of these Impact/volume of IAS How detect novel pathways?

25 Surveillance and monitoring Problem: data lacking or inaccurate Reality Central database

26 Stakeholders Alert! PORTAL

27 Number of species Where are they from? Continent of origin

28 Freshwater Species Asia-Temp. Asia-Tropical Australia Europe N. America Pacific S. America

29 Continents of origin over time 180 Number of species Africa Asia-Temperate Asia-Tropical Australasia Europe Northern America Pacific Southern America 0 Date

30 Issues with monitoring/information and early warning Collating historic data time consuming Getting new data can be difficult Government Agencies, Records Centres etc. Some recorders/scientists want to publish first How link databases across EU Verification of records Comprehensive Early Warning system

31 Rapid Response Alert! Rapid Response Protocol

32 Water Primrose in Great Britain

33 Water Primrose in Great Britain Benefits Costs

34 Rapid Response American bullfrog High risk Rapid response by NE led to eradication in 2 populations

35 Monk Parakeets research towards rapid response

36 Issues with rapid response Getting Agencies to agree easier than anticipated! Pooling resources across Agencies is tricky But expertise sharing easier Vertebrate control can be a problem

37 Ruddy Duck World s largest bird eradication 250,000km 2 Cost 3.4million+

38 Increase in Ruddy Ducks in Europe UK POPULATION UK EUROP E CONTINENTAL RECORDS

39 White-headed Duck Global population 10,000 birds Spain only remaining Euro breeding population Spain is only area where breeding population expanding

40 Ruddy Ducks in Europe 95% Feral Population in UK 20 pairs in France 4-7 pairs in the Netherlands 2-3 pairs in Republic of Ireland

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45 Ruddy Duck Impact of control

46 Government can t do everything Do all the control work Reach everyone with educational material Have officials everywhere detecting NNS

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48 Widespread species - Himalayan Balsam

49 Himalayan Balsam Benefits Costs

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53 Invasive Species Action Plans Priority for GB Aims and Objectives Short 2-3 pages Action focussed Provide framework into which local/regional action can fit

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55 Local Action Groups

56 Rivers & Fisheries Trusts Scotland Tweed Forum Cumbria Invasives Forum Lancashire Invasives Forum Yorkshire Pennywort Forum Cornwall Knotweed Forum Pondcheck NW & R Dee Forum Devon Knotweed Forum Cheshire Forum Avon Invasive Species forum Wiltshire Invasive Plant Partnership Midlands floating Pennywort project Cambridge Invasives Forum Wandle New Forest Trust Non-Native Plants Project London Invasives Forum SE England Invasives Forum Norfolk Nonnative Species Initiative

57 Ring-necked parakeet possible policy option

58 Issues with long-term control Prioritisation difficult Strategic control often lacking Significant wasted resources Vertebrate control can be a problem How to facilitate spread of good practice

59 Legislation Ban on Sale Scotland only Compulsory access Control orders No release presumption Requirement to report

60 Codes of Practice

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62 ID Guides 65 Species Plants Vertebrates Invertebrate Available on Secretariat website

63 Photographic Library

64 Public Awareness Survey Baseline data on public attitudes Gardeners Most buy plants in Garden Centres & DIY stores Get info from labels Retailers Happy to display material Would stop selling worst species

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69 Aquatic Biosecurity

70 Conclusions Coordinating hub is key Strategy is also key Prioritisation important Balance with flexible approach Links to Trade are vital

71 Future challenges Horizon scanning & early warning Climate change Sharing good practice Pathway analyses Legislation Raising public awareness