Seed sourcing and genetic aspects in restoration in Thailand

Transcription

1 Seed sourcing and genetic aspects in restoration in Thailand Suwan Tangmitcharoen Forest Research and Development Bureau, Royal Forest Department Presentation for Capacity-building workshop for selected sub-regions of Asia on the restoration of forest and other ecosystems, Bangkok, THAILAND June 30,

2 OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION Introduction Genetic diversity of some important native species Seed source and Classification Lesson learned from experiences Approaches under Climate Changes: Options for future management

3 Forest cover in Thailand 32.62% of the country area 102,285,400 sq.km % North 52.60% North-east 22.18% Central 32.86% 15.02% East South Year 2014

4 Major Forest Conservation Areas in Thailand in % 0.05% 0.04% 35.18% 4.10% 59.25% National Park Wildlife Sanctuary Non-Hunting Area Forest Park Botanical Garden Arboretum Source: Department of National Park,Wildlife and Plant Conservation (2014)

5 The target is to bring the forest cover to 40% of the country area Protected Forest 25% of the country area Economic Forest 15% of the country area FOREST AREA

6 Forest Biodiversity of Thailand 8% of the world flora & fauna Number of species Flora : 10,000 Fern : 658 Orchid: 1,140 Mammals: 302 Birds : 928 Reptiles: 350 Amphibians: 137 Fresh Water Fishes : 720 Marine Fishes : 2,100 > 2,000 species of Flora & Fauna endemic only to THAILAND Source: Thailand National Report on the Implementation of convention on Biological Diversity (Report on 2009)

7 Top Priority Species on Forest Genetic Resources of Thailand Dalbergia cochinchinensis Afzelia xylocarpa Dipterocarpus alatus Hopea odorata Pterocarpus macrocarpus Tectona grandis Sour: *Chantragoon et al., (2012)

8 Genetic Conservation First Era: tree introduction, species trail, botanical garden) Second Era: tree breeding (provenance trails, progeny test) Third Era: Linked with breeding & biotechnology DNA Molecular) (Soekotjo 2001)

9 Genetic Diversity of Siammese Rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis) Geographic distribution can be categorized into 2 groups Yooyuen (2012) Soonhuae (1994)

10 Teak Seed Zone (Genecological Zones) Tectona grandis Graudal et al. 1997

11 Geographical grouping of teak populations in Thailand based on the results of the DNA structure analysis identified 6 regions and 1 admixture zone Saichat Pongkrawee & Hugo Volkeart, In preparation

12

13 Sources of Seeds Natural Difficult access Difficult seed collection More expensive seed collection Plantation (Improve genetic materials) Easy access Easy collection Cheaper

14 1.3 การจ าแนกแหล งเมล ดพ นธ ไม ป า(ต อ) Seed Source Classification 1. Seed Orchard 2. Provenance Seed Stand 3. Seed Production Area 4. Selected Stand 5. Identified Stand 6. Seed Collection Zone Quality

15 Seed Source Classification 1. SEED COLLECTION ZONE 2. IDENTIFIED STAND 3. SELECTED STAND 4. SEED PRODUCTION AREA 5. PROVENANCE SEED STAND 6. SEED ORCHARD

16 Development of Seed Source Acacia auriculiformis AFTER Tree Improvement BEFORE Tree Improvement Seed orchard

17 Teak Seed Orchard chiengrai chantaburi khonkaen Lampang

18 Chiengmai Seed Orchard of 33 year-old Pinus caribaea

19 Plus tree (selected tree, superior tree)

20 Plus tree Section and Seed Source Survey for Siamese Rose wood (Dalbergia cochinchinesis)

21 Plus tree Section and Seed Source Survey for Siamese Rose wood (Dalbergia cochinchinesis)

22 Some challenged seeding technique (applied recently) Shooting Paramotor seed ball difficult terrain Photo taken:18 June 2016

23 Lesson learned from experience o Seed source from (improved) plantation is better than from natural forest. o Breeding strategies of (each) species should be developed. o Biotechnology help to enhance effectiveness and speed up of improved seed source establishment. o Seed exchange is necessary for effective genetic test.

24 Approaches under Climate Changes: Options for future management o Develop specific breeding program (well adapted to changing environment) o Ensuring quantity and quality of seed sources o Establish static conservation (Cryopreservation, cold storage freeze preservation of vegetative part) to preserve improved genetic materials

25 Development of cryopreservation techniques for long-term in vitro conservation of Siamese Rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre) Shoots from tissue culture Keep the shoots in Liquid nitrogen (-196 celcius) RFD

26 Thank you for your attention