Mountain Pine Beetle

Transcription

1 Mountain Pine Beetle Pest-free wood products from a devastated forest Dr. Eric Allen Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service CPM-06 Rome, Italy March 17, 2011

2 Today s talk: Review of Mountain Pine Beetle Pest elimination through processing Discussion of pest reduction strategies in forestry practice

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4 Damage to the Forest 16 million ha 675 million cubic meters

5 Requirements for an outbreak Abundance of susceptible host Sustained favourable climate for beetle survival

6 With forest management and fire suppression tree population increased in susceptibility to MPB Avg age Avg age Avg age Age Class (20 year periods) Age Class (20 year periods) Age Class (20 year periods) 17% 35% 56% Percent of tree population in susceptible age classes 6

7 Source: Logan et al. 2010

8 Extent of Mountain Pine Beetle Spread in Canada

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10 Basic facts: Dendroctonus Tree Killer 19 species worldwide 17 in North America 2 Eurasia (D. armandi, D. micans) Restricted to conifer hosts (Pinus, Picea, Pseudotsuga, Larix) Several species have successfully established in new locations (e.g. D. valens, D. micans)

11 Mountain Pine Beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae restricted to Pinus hosts Periodic outbreaks in natural forests dating back 1000s of years

12 Mountain Pine Beetle Native to western North America bark beetle lives and feeds exclusively in bark and outer phloem

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14 Ophiostoma clavigera blue stain fungus

15 mycangium

16 What other organisms are found in mountain pine beetle killed trees?

17 Insects in Mountain Pine Beetle-killed Trees Bark Beetles Carphoborus sp. Cryphalus ruficollis Crypturgus borealis Dendroctonus ponderosae Dendroctonus valens Dryocoetes affaber Hylurgops porosus Hylurgops rugipennis rugipennis Ips latidens Ips pini Ips plastographus Orthotomicus caelatus Pityogenes plagiatus knechteli Pityophthorus Polygraphus rufipennis Pseudips mexicanus Trypodendron lineatum Trypodendron rufitarsus Long-horned woodborers Acanthocinus obliquus Acanthocinus pusillus Monochamus clamator latus Monochamus scutellatus oregonensis Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus Neoclytus leucozonus leucozonus Phymatodes dimidiatus Pogonocherus pencillatus Pogonocherus propinquus Pronocera collaris collaris Rhagium inquisitor inquisitor Xylotrechus prob. undulatus Blazed Tree Borers Serropalpus substriatus Woodwasps Sirex cyaneus Sirex juvencus californicus

18 Where pests live in wood Deep wood inhabiting pests Sapwood, phloem pests Bark pests

19 Insects in Mountain Pine Beetle-killed Trees Dendroctonus ponderosae Green Attack Upper (n=3,047) Ips pini Ips plastographus Pityogenes plagiatus knechteli Pseudips mexicanus Unident ified Pityogenes plagiatus knechteli 73.68% Ips pini 10.49% Pseudips mexicanus 0.07% Unidentified 0.33% Ips plastographus 0.07% Pityophthorus 6.78% Ips latidens 3.84% Red Attack Upper (n=1,535) Dendroctonus ponderosae 4.76% Dendroctonus ponderosae Ips latidens Ips pini Ips plastographus Pityogenes plagiatus knechteli Ips pini Pityogenes plagiatus knechteli Pseudips mexicanus Pityophthorus Pseudips mexicanus Ips latidens Unidentified unident. Dendroctonus ponderosae Green Attack Lower (n=10,565) Red Attack Lower (n=224)

20 Fungi in Mountain Pine Beetle-killed Trees Fungal Species Green Red Grey Ambrosiella Graphium Leptographium Leptographium terebrantis Ophiostoma clavigerum Ophiostoma minutum Ophiostoma montium Ophiostoma nigrocarpum Amylostereum chailletii Entomocortium Fomitopsis pinicola Heterobasidion annosum Peniophora. Sistotrema brinkmanii Trichaptum abietinum

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22 Pest Risk Reduction wood processing Forest Harvesting Forest Storage Grading Sawing Debarking Heat Treatment Kiln Drying Inspection Shipment

23 Harvest operations

24 Log inspection (scaling) Bark removal Sawing wood Grading sawn wood

25 Heat treatment kills all pests present in wood

26 Heat Treatment of 2x4 pine lumber following typical HT/KD schedule Temp (F) F (56 C) Hours with wet bulb temp above: 133 F (56 C) F (71 C) Time (hours) Wet Bulb Temp Dry Bulb Temp

27 Virtually all forest pests are eliminated in pine exports

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29 Other wood commodities Wood pellets Wood concrete 29

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33 Many opportunities to reduce pests during growing and harvesting of forests

34 New publication How pest risks change as trees are transformed into logs, sawn wood, chips etc. FAO Forestry Guide 34

35 Science Phytosanitary Policy

36 Phytosanitary regulators Science community Foresters Forest industry 36

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