RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLOWERING AND SOME CHARACTERS IN DIFFERENT SUGAR CANE VARIETIES

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1 Cane Breeding RELATONSHP BETWEEN FLOWERNG AND SOME CHARACTERS N DFFERENT SUGAR CANE VARETES A.H. Nour, M.A. El-Manhaly, R.A. Eskandar, and S.G. lbrahim Sugar Crops Research Department Centre of Agric. Res. Giza, A.R.E. ABSTRACT Relationship between flowering and some morphological and physiological characters in some sugarcane varieties was studied. Phenotypic correlations like cane weight, length, diameter, number of internodes and T.S.S. were studied in the different varieties. There are no significant differences in the characters between the varities which flowered and those which did not flower. Three groups were made of the varietal responses: those which flowered, those that reached some stages of flowering but could not continue, and those which did not flower. Data showed positive correlation between all characters in varieties which flowered. Two correlation were significant viz, cane weight and cane length, and cane diameter and number of internodes. J Negative correlation was more in the group which did not flowera NTRODUCTON Sugarcane is the most important crop in Egypt for sugar production. Breeding programs here are done by importing the cuttings from abroad and selecting varieties with better quality, high yield, and good morphological characters. Research for sugar cane flowering under Egyptian conditions has been carried out since The first success was attained in when 16 varieties flowered at Sabaheya Research Station, Alexandria (Rao, Nour, and ~l-~anhaly'~ ). Some of them flowered early, other flowered intermediate, and some were late in flowering. Physiological and morphological characters for some sugarcane varieties which reached the flowering stages had been studied as to their association with yield and sugar content as basis for selection. Hebert7 obtained a significant positive association between cane yield and stalk weight, but not with cane diameter in selected clones. ~e~endre~ found that cane yield was positively associated with stalk number, diameter, length, and weight.skinner l4 studied the relationship of these important characters. Loupe et al '',determined the association of stalk number, stalk diameter, erectness, and brix among and within plant-cane and first ratoon seedlings, and plant cane and first ratoon of clones derived from those

2 1297 CANE BREEDNG seedlings by vegetative propagation., Hebert and ~enderson studied stalk number, diameter, erectness, brix, and sucrose in first ratoon seedlings, and in plant cane and first ratoon of clones derived from those seedlings. Other workers (Breaux and Fanguy1, Brown et a2). Coleman et a13,george4, ~una") have studied the association of characters in first ratoon seedlings or clones. n Trinidad, yield q ~d sugar content are used to calculate the original profitability (Ogier 12). George6, investigated physiological characters as aids to selection in sugar cane. The present study was carried out to know which characters are related with yield and sugar content, and to study the phenotypic correlation between the characters under investigation. MATERALS AND METHODS 1 Relationship between flowering and some characters in fifteen sugar cane clones from different sources under Egyptian conditions were studied. The data of this research were taken in , at the Sabaheya Research Station, Alexandria, A.R.E. The data on initiation, development, flag, tip, and full flowering stages were recorded as an average of all canes of each stage in each variety. The morphological characters like cane weight, diamater,length, and number of internodes, and T.S.S. were noted at harvesting time in July An average of 10 cane stalks for each vgriety was taken. The first three morphological characters were measured and T.S.S. were read with the hand refra~tometer. Statistical analysis was carried out as follows: a. Analysis of variance for each character in the different five groups and "F" value were noted. b. Correlation coefficients between all the characters in three groups were studied. The first group contains 6 varieties which reached full flowering, the second group has 6 varieties which initiated flowering but could not continue to full stage, and the third group has the varieties which did not flower at all. RESULTS AND DSCUSSON, Table 1 shows the dates of different flowering stages. nitiation stage occurred in October and November, flag stage in December except one variety, B which reached it in February, tip stage was in January and February and full flowering stage extended to March. The morphological characte'is'and T.S.S. are furnished in the same table. Table 2 shows the average of each character for each group. There were no significant differences between the five groups for all characters. 1

3 M. A. EL-MANHALY ET AL 1298 TABLE 1. The sugar cane varieties, their flowering dates and other characters. nitiation Develop- Flag Tip Full Cane Cane Cane No. of No. Varieties* date ment date date date date weight lengthdiameter inter- T.S.S. (kg.) (cm.) (crn.) nodes.a.c Col Co. 421 Co. 301 C.P N.G. 292 B Bo. 34.A.C Co. 214 Co. 469 Co. 171 Co. 434 C *The varieties from 1-3 had reached to full flowering, and produced fertile seeds. The varieties from 4-6 had reached to full flowering and did not give fertile seeds The varieties frqm 7-9 had reached only to flag stage, The varieties from 1012 had reached only to initiation siage. The varieties from did not reach initiation on stage. TABLE 2. Relationship between flowering and other characters in differem sugarcane varieties. No. of Cane weight Cane Length Cane diameter No. of internodes T.S.S. group (k.g.) (crn.) (crn.) F value * 1 the varieties Mkh reached full flowering and produced fertile seeds flowering and did not give fertile seeds 3 reached only up to flag stage. 4 reached only up m initiation stage. 5 varieties which did not flower at all. i Table 3 shows the correlation coefficient between all characters in the three groups of canes. All correlation coefficients were positive in varieties which reached full flowering stage. Two of these correlations were significant. n the non-flowering varieties, seven (7) negative correlations were observed and three (3) were positive in this group. n the varieties that did not reach full flowering the number of positive and negative correlation was evenly observed.

4 1299 CANE BREEDNG Table 3. Correlation studies between so'me characters of sugar cane in different varieties. n varieties which n varieties did not n nonreach full reach full flowering flowering flowering varieties Characters r r r Between cane weight and: cane length +0.95** M Cane diameter M.23 +O.45 +O.50 No. of internodes T.S.S. M M.31 Between cane length and: cane diamater No. of internodes M.66 T.S.S. M.42 Between cane diameter and: No. of internodes +0.86* T.S.S Between No. of internodes and T.S.S. M.65 d.f. = 4 d.f. = 1 r at 0.05 = rat 0.05 = r at 0.01 = rat 0.01 = * Significant * * Highly significant REFERENCES 1. Breaux, R.D., and H.P. Fanguy (1969). Breeding behavior of resistance to 1 mosaic in sugarcane progenies and its association with some agronomic characteristies. Proc SSCT i 1 2. Brown, A.H.D., J. Daniels, and B.D.H. Latter (1968). Quantitative genetics of sugar cane.. Analysis of variation in a commercial hybri$ sugarcane population. Theor. Appl. Genet. 38: Coleman, O.H., J.L. Deon, and D. Broadhead (1963). Evaluation of sugarcane crosses. Proc. SSCT 1 1 : i 5. (1965). nvestigated physiological characters as aids to selection in sugar cane. a 6. (1965). Physiological growth attributes of sacchar rum clones and their progenies. Ann. Bot. 29: Hebert, L.P. (1967). Association between yield components and yield of sugarcane varieties in Louisiana. Proc. SSCT 15:

5 M. A. EL-MANHALY ET AL 1300 and M.T. Handerson (1959). Breeding behavior of certain agronomic characters in progenies of sugarcane crosses. USDA Tech. Bull p. Legendre, B.L. (1970). Association involving yield of sugar per acre and its components in sugarcane. Ph.D. Thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La. 170 p. Loupe, D.T., L. Anzalone, and M. Giamalva (1962). An evaluation of the effectiveness of selecting sugarcane varieties from plant and first-stubble crops. Proc. Assoc. Southern Agr. Wkrs. 59: tuna, A.L. (1967). Study of some characters of progeny in four crosses of sugarcane. Proc. SSCT 12: Ogier, T.P. (1970). The evaluation of quality and yield in variety selection SSCT Sugarcane Breeders Newsletter 26: Rao, J.T., A.H. Nour and M.A. El-Manhaly (1973). Flowering of sugarcane in Egypt. nt. Sugar Journal 75: Skinner, J.C. (1957). Sugarcane selection experiment.. Bunch planting. Tech. Cornm. No.. Bur Sugar Exp. Brisbane, Queensland. ASOCACONES ' ENTRE FLORECMENTO Y ALGUNOS CARACTERES EN DFERENTES VAREDADES DE CARA DE AZUCAR A. Nour, M. El-Marihaly, R. Eskandar y S. lbrahim RESUMEN La relacion entre la floracibn y algunos caracteres morfologicos y fisiologicos en algunas variedades de cafia de azucar, fue motivo de una investigacion en la Estacion Experimental de Sabaheya. Alejandria ARE. Se estudiaron las correlaciones fenotipicas entre peso de caiia, longitud, diametro, numero de internodios y T.S.S. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las variedades que florecen y aquellas que no florecen. En cuantoa la floracion,'las variedades pueden separarse en tres grupos: las que florecen, h s que alcanzan algunos estados de floracion per0 no pueden continuar y las'que no florecen. Los datos muestran correlaciones positivas entre todos 10s caracteres en las variedades que florecen. Dos de estas correlaciones fueron significativas: peso de caaa y longitud, diarnetro de caiias y numero de intermodios. Se encontraron correlaciones negativas,en el grupo de variedades que no florecen.