Agroforestry as a tool to mitigate and adapt to climate under LULUCF accounting

Transcription

1 Agroforestry s tool to mitigte nd dpt to climte under LULUCF ccounting Mosquer-Losd MR, Sntigo Freijnes JJ, Lwson G, Blguer F, Vets N, Burguess P, Ferreiro-Domínguez N, Rigueiro.Rodríguez A

2 Introduction Kioto Protocol nd LULUCF EU nd Use of lnd LULUCF prctices within the EU P3 Conversion P4 Mngement

3 Introduction Kioto Protocol nd LULUCF EU nd Use of lnd LULUCF prctices within the EU P3 Conversion P4 Mngement

4

5 My 2015

6 COP21: Pris greement Glol ction pln: Limiting glol wrming elow 1.5% ove pre-industril levels

7 Frming: Cropping + Livestock EU reduced y 24% GHG emissions etween 1990 nd 2012 NEW GOAL: 40% y 2030

8 Introduction Kioto Protocol nd LULUCF EU nd Use of lnd LULUCF prctices within the EU P3 Conversion P4 Mngement

9 KIOTO PROTOCOL Estilize nd Reduce GHG emissions through ccountility of emissions nd removls from LULUCF (Annex 1) ARTICLE 3: PARAGRAPH 3: CONVERSION: AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION (AR) DEFORESTATION (D) PARAGRAPH 4: NO CONVERSION SINCE 1990 Forest mngement Crop mngement Grzing lnd mngement Revegettion Within commitment period lnd clsified s AR cnnot e included in P4 But, AR! D (permnent for the commitment period) SOIL: 81% C TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS

10 Ammonium nitrte Nitrte contmintion RIVERS Cron sequestrtion nd storge

11 Intergovernmentl Pnel Climte chnge ssessment : Mitigtion mesures linked to increse food production (e. g., groforestry or integrted systems) cn increse food vilility nd ccess especilly t the locl level.

12 Introduction Kioto Protocol nd LULUCF EU nd Use of lnd LULUCF prctices within the EU P3 Conversion P4 Mngement

13 EU STEPS Hrmonize ccounting rules for these emissions nd removls cross the EU in order to incorporte Agriculture nd forestry into the EU s emission reduction efforts * preserve nd cpture CO 2 recognizing frmers good prctices * Grsslnd nd croplnd mngement will e included in the ccounting (CAP pyments) * MS should lso prepre ctions to increse removls nd decrese emissions INCLUDING LULUCF INTO THE GHG MITIGATION FRAMEWORK (Pyments: CAP)

14 WHAT IS A FOREST?

15 Memer Stte Are (m 2 ) Tree crown cover (%) Tree height (m) Belgium 5000# 20 5 Bulgri 1000# 10 5 Czech Repulic # Denmrk 5000# 10 5 Germny 1000# 10 5 Estoni 5000# 30 2 Irelnd 1000# 20 5 Greece 3000# 25 2 Spin 10000# 20 3 Frnce 5000# 10 5 Itly 5000# 10 5 Cyprus 0# Ltvi 1000# 20 5 Lithuni 1000# 30 5 Luxemourg 5000# 10 5 Hungry 5000# 30 5 Mlt 0# Netherlnds 5000# 20 5 Austri 500# 30 2 Polnd 1000# 10 2 Portugl 10000# 10 5 Romni 2500# 10 5 Sloveni 2500# 30 2 Slovki 3000# 20 5 Finlnd 5000# 10 5 Sweden 5000# 10 5 United Kingdom #

16 Eligiility limited y * Regultion 1305/2013 * Delegte ct 640/2014: 100 trees h -1 * Delegte ct 639/2014: Mximum re permitted for isolted trees nd copses 4 m 12,56% h 30% h CAP SHOULD BE THE MAIN FORM OF FUNDING LULUCF ACTIVITIES

17 Introduction Kioto Protocol nd LULUCF EU nd Use of lnd LULUCF prctices within the EU P3 Conversion P4 Mngement

18 PARAGRAPH 3: CONVERSION AR cnnot e included in P4 AR! D (permnent for the commitment period) * AF ply role voiding deforesttion nd incresing resilience: forest risks: fires! wind

19

20

21 Introduction Kioto Protocol nd LULUCF EU nd Use of lnd LULUCF prctices within the EU P3 Conversion P4 Mngement

22 PARAGRAPH 4: NO CONVERSION SINCE 1990 Croplnd mngement Grzing lnd mngement Forest mngement Revegettion Decision 529/2013/EU

23 Tle 1. EU indictive mesures tht my e included in the informtion on LULUCF ctions sumitted pursunt to rticle 10(2)(d) (Decision 529/2013/EU) nd my relte to Agroforestry Mesures'relted'to' Exmples' Croplnd#mngement# Agroforestry# Grzing#mngement#nd#psture#improvement# Preven=ng#Grsslnd#to#Croplnd# conversion#to#n=ve#veget=on# Incresing#produc=vity# Improving#nutrient#mngement# Introducing#more#pproprite#species,# in#pr=culr#deep#rooted#species# Forest#c=vi=es# Afforest=on#nd#reforest=on# Conserv=on#of#C#in#exis=ng#forest# Enhncing#produc=on#in#exis=ng# forests# Incresing#hrvested#wood#products# Enhncing#forest#mngement# (op=mize#species#composi=on,#tending,#thinning# nd#soil#conserv=on# Preven=ng#deforest=on# Strengthening#protec=on#ginst#nturl# disturnces#such#s#fire,#pest#nd#storms# Sus=tu=on#GHG#intensive#energy#feedstock#nd# mterils#with#hrvested#wood#products#

24 Tle 1. EU indictive mesures tht my e included in the informtion on LULUCF ctions sumitted pursunt to rticle 10(2)(d) (Decision 529/2013/EU) nd my relte to Agroforestry Mesures'relted'to' Exmples' Croplnd#mngement# Agroforestry# Grzing'mngement'nd'psture'improvement' Preven7ng'Grsslnd'to'Croplnd' conversion'to'n7ve'veget7on' Incresing'produc7vity' Improving'nutrient'mngement' Introducing'more'pproprite'species,' in'pr7culr'deep'rooted'species' Forest#c=vi=es# Afforest=on#nd#reforest=on# Conserv=on#of#C#in#exis=ng#forest# Enhncing#produc=on#in#exis=ng# forests# Incresing#hrvested#wood#products# Enhncing#forest#mngement# (op=mize#species#composi=on,#tending,#thinning# nd#soil#conserv=on# Preven=ng#deforest=on# Strengthening#protec=on#ginst#nturl# disturnces#such#s#fire,#pest#nd#storms# Sus=tu=on#GHG#intensive#energy#feedstock#nd# mterils#with#hrvested#wood#products#

25 Tle 1. EU indictive mesures tht my e included in the informtion on LULUCF ctions sumitted pursunt to rticle 10(2)(d) (Decision 529/2013/EU) nd my relte to Agroforestry Mesures'relted'to' Exmples' Croplnd#mngement# Agroforestry# Grzing'mngement'nd'psture'improvement' Preven7ng'Grsslnd'to'Croplnd' conversion'to'n7ve'veget7on' Incresing'produc7vity' Improving'nutrient'mngement' Introducing'more'pproprite'species,' in'pr7culr'deep'rooted'species' Forest'c7vi7es' Afforest7on'nd'reforest7on' Conserv7on'of'C'in'exis7ng'forest' Enhncing'produc7on'in'exis7ng' forests' Incresing'hrvested'wood'products' Enhncing'forest'mngement' (op7mize'species'composi7on,'thinning'nd'soil' conserv7on)' Preven=ng#deforest=on# Strengthening#protec=on#ginst#nturl# disturnces#such#s#fire,#pest#nd#storms# Sus=tu=on#GHG#intensive#energy#feedstock#nd# mterils#with#hrvested#wood#products#

26 Tle 1. EU indictive mesures tht my e included in the informtion on LULUCF ctions sumitted pursunt to rticle 10(2)(d) (Decision 529/2013/EU) nd my relte to Agroforestry Mesures'relted'to' Exmples' Croplnd#mngement# Agroforestry# Grzing'mngement'nd'psture'improvement' Preven7ng'Grsslnd'to'Croplnd' conversion'to'n7ve'veget7on' Incresing'produc7vity' Improving'nutrient'mngement' Introducing'more'pproprite'species,' in'pr7culr'deep'rooted'species' Forest#c=vi=es# Afforest=on#nd#reforest=on# Conserv=on#of#C#in#exis=ng#forest# Enhncing#produc=on#in#exis=ng# forests# Incresing#hrvested#wood#products# Enhncing#forest#mngement# (op=mize#species#composi=on,#tending,#thinning# nd#soil#conserv=on)# Preven7ng'deforest7on' Strengthening'protec7on'ginst'nturl' disturnces'such's'fire,'pest'nd'storms' Sus7tu7on'GHG'intensive'energy'feedstock'nd' mterils'with'hrvested'wood'products'

27 Ferreiro-Domínguez N,Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Ril-Lover KE, Romero- Frnco R, Mosquer-Losd MR (2016) Effect of grzing on cron sequestrtion nd tree growth tht is developed in silvopstorl system under wild cherry (Prunus vium L.). Cten 142, cm 25 LS HS NG g C kg -1 soil < 53 Whole soil Whole soil nd soil frctions (µm)

28 Ferreiro-Domínguez N,Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Ril-Lover KE, Romero-Frnco R, Mosquer-Losd MR (2016) Effect of grzing on cron sequestrtion nd tree growth tht is developed in silvopstorl system under wild cherry (Prunusvium L.). Cten 142, g C kg -1 soil Mg C h Whole soil Whole soil Soil smpling depth (cm) nd whole soil nd soil frction (µm) < 53 Whole soil < 53 Whole soil < 53 Whole soil LS HS NG Soil smpling depth (cm) nd whole soil nd soil frction ( µm) < 53 Whole soil < 53 Whole soil < 53 Whole soil LS HS NG < 53 < 53

29 Mosquer-Losd MR, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A,Ferreiro-Domínguez N (2015) Effect of liming nd orgnic nd inorgnic fertiliztion on soil cron sequestered in mcro-nd microggregtes in 17-yer old Pinus rdit silvopstorl system. Journl of Environmentl Mngement 150, Depth (cm) NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN Totl C (Mg h -1 ) Depth (cm) NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN c c c c c c c Mg C h -1 ( µm) c c c c c c c Depth (cm) NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN Mg C h -1 ( µm) Depth (cm) NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN NF S1 S2 S3 LNF LS1 LS2 LS3 MIN Mg C h -1 (<53 µm)

30 FernándezMNúnez'E,'RigueiroMRodríguez'A,'MosquerMLosd'MR'(2010)'Cron'lloc7on'dynmics'one'decde'Ver'fforest7on'with'Pinus' rdit'd.don'nd'betul'l'l.'under'two'stnd'densi7es'in'nw'spin.'ecologicl'engineering'36,'

31 Conclusions * Agroforetry is n excellent tool to comt climte chnge There is good opportunity to preserve nd mitigte climte chnge nd mke griculturl systems more resilient through dpttion to climte chnge

32 Conclusions Adequte design of policies should e delivered in order to tke dvntge of Agroforestry prctices to comt climte chnge (C increse, storge nd stility).

33 Thnks!!

34 Additionl Slides from Gerry to Ros LULUCF tlk

35 Introduction of LULUCF ccounting into 2030 trgets EU ministers nnounced y 2014 cut in GHG gses y 40% y 2030 (re 1990) EU on trck to reduce emissions y 20% y 2020 compred to 1990 Throughout the sme period, lnd use, lnd use-chnge nd forestry - LULUCF - hsremined net sink Livestock production, fertiliser use nd deforesttion produce greenhouse gs emissions, while the mintennce of permnent grsslnds, fforesttion or groforestry mesures cn remove CO2 from the tmosphere or reduce emissions Emissions from lnd use chnge, such s deforesttion in third countries, could e reduced through more efficient nd integrted lnd use mngement inside the EU, therey reducing the dependence on imports. Incresed use of iomss for the production of renewle energy nd for mteril sustitution shifts emissions from the energy sector to the lnd use sector nd mkes it importnt to include lifecycle nlysis for stored cron.

36 EU Climte nd Energy Frmework (2014) Sttement from EU Ministers The multiple ojectives of the griculture nd lnd use sectors, with their lower mitigtion potentil, should e cknowledged, s well s the need to ensure coherence etween the EU's food security nd climte chnge ojectives. The Europen Council invites the Commission to exmine the est mens of encourging the sustinle intensifiction of food production, while optimising the sector's contriution to greenhouse gs mitigtion nd sequestrtion, including through fforesttion. Agroforestry is one of the few lnd uses which cn deliver ll three of these requirements, i.e.: ) sustinle intensifiction of food production, ) optimised GHG mitigtion nd c) fforesttion.

37 Non CO2 emissions re decresing But the rte of decrese is slowing EU griculture produced Mt CO 2 equivlent of greenhouse gses in 2012, which ws 10.1% of totl EU emissions (Domingo et l 2014). Emissions from the griculturl sector of non-co 2 gses hve declined y 22% since 1990 (23% for N 2 O nd 22% for CH 4 ), ut much of this hs een gined through decrese in livestock numers cross Europe (26% cttle, 33% sheep), which hs lrgely hlted.

38 LULUCF Emissions nd Sinks Since 1990, the sink ttriutle to lnd use, lnd use chnge nd forestry in the EU hs essentilly remined stle t round 300 Mt CO2 per yer. But in the future it will decline s fewer new forests re creted.

39 DG Clim Consulttion June 2015 Option 1 LULUCF pillr (the sttus quo) - i.e. mintin non-co 2 griculture sector emissions nd LULUCF in two seprte pillrs; (32 votes) Option 2 Report using single lnd use sector or Agriculture, Forestry nd Other Lnd Use pillr (AFOLU). This merges LULUCF nd non-co 2 emissions from griculture into new pillr in the EU s climte policy; (21 votes) Option 3 including the LULUCF (or AFOLU?) sector in potentil future Effort Shring Decision. This would would increse flexiility for Memer Sttes to chieve given overll trget, ut would increse complexity of ccounting nd rise methodologicl issues (12 votes) Option 4 - mixture of the ove. (18 votes) Option 5 - unle to mke recommendtion (41 votes)

40 Ensure tht groforestry in included Lnd Use Pillr Accounting

41 GHG Reporting in the USA Similr issues in N Amreic USDA Tech Bulletin 1939, Quntifying Greenhouse Gs Fluxes in Agriculture. Climte Chnge Progrmme Office