Study and Design Optimization of Autofeeder Side Cover of Ginning Machine: A Review

Transcription

1 Available online at International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering e-issn: p-issn: Study and Design Optimization of Autofeeder Side Cover of Ginning Machine: A Review Shashikant Ingale 1, Tushar R.Deshmukh 2 Shashikant.deshmukh15@gmail.com, tushar.d69@gmail.com 1 Research Scholar, M.E. CAD/CAM, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera-Amravati, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research Badnera-Amravati, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University ABSTRACT: Cotton fibers must be separated from the seed (Ginned) before they can be used to manufacture textile goods. The first machine to gin cotton was the Churka gin was the Most efficient when handling naked seeded varieties with loosely attached fibers. Detail design study revealed that present Double Roller (DR) Gin carries several drawbacks in parts. In order to remove these drawbacks conceptual modified models of DR gin were deign. The function of auto feeder side cover is to support the two roller that is top and Bottom roller. The roller performing rotary operation with the help of belt and pulley which is operated by using electric motor. The geometric model of side cover is done with CAD Software that is CATIA VR21.this is followed by FEA analysis which is carried out for different causes of side cover of ginning machine & maximum stress, dynamic vibration & total deformation are determined by using Finite Element Analysis Software ANSYS 14.5 is carried out analysis i e. dynamic vibration analysis of side cover used in ginning machine. The present work deal with the problems of reducing the thickness and removing the breakage of side cover due to the vibration. Taking ginning machine side cover by using CAD Software design of side cover of ginning machine is done with the help of CATIA V5 R21 Software and analysis it using ANSYS (Finite Element Modeling & Analysis Software) to optimize weight & find out the resulting stresses. Also compare the theoretical stress result with analysis software stress result & suggest smart profile of side cover of ginning machine. So it can sustain more vibration in minimum thickness of plate. Keywords: Double Roller Ginning, Side cover, CATIA V5R21, FEA I. INTRODUCTION Ginning, in its strictest sense, refers to the process of separating cotton fibers from the seeds. The cotton gin has as its principal function the conversion of a field crop into a salable commodity. Thus, it is the bridge between cotton production and cotton manufacturing. At one time the sole purpose of cotton gin was to separate fibers from seed. But Today s modern cotton gin is required to do much more. To convert mechanically harvested cotton in to a salable product, Gins of today have to dry and clean the seed cotton, separate the fiber from the seed, further clean the fibers and place the fibers in to an acceptable package for commerce. The Cotton Gin actually produces two products with cash value i.e. the fiber and the cotton seed. Cotton seeds are usually sold to cotton oil mills for conversion into a number of important and valuable products, but in some cases they may be saved for planting purpose. The fibers are the more valuable products, and the design and operation of cotton gins are usually oriented towards fiber production. In essence, the modern cotton gin enhances the value of the cotton by separating the fiber from seed and by removing objectionable foreign matter, while preserving as nearly as possible the inherent qualities of the fiber.[2] Capacity of modern gin can process up to the 15 tons of cotton per hour Earlier single roller is used between12th and 14th centuries dual roller gin appeared in India and china. In India this mechanical device was in some areas driven by water power.the model consist of wooden cylinder surrounded by rows of slender spikes. During the last decade in the world more particularly in the India as the cotton sector is progressing with high speed, significant technological advancement have taken place to improve the fundamentals of ginning to increase the out turn and to preserve the intrinsic quality of fiber obtaining the maximum length of fiber without breakage of seed, producing lint free of trash and contaminants at the lowest cost per unit ginned. A. COTTON GINNING Ginning is the first mechanical process involved in processing cotton is shown in Figure 1. Its primary objective is separating the fibers of cotton from the seed. Cotton ginning machine is use for preparing the raw or seed cotton for the 25

2 cotton mills. The cotton gin has as its principle function that is conversion of a field crop into a salable commodity. The ginning operation is the bridge between cotton production and cotton manufacturing. But today's modern cotton gin is required to do much more. The cotton ginning machine converts mechanically harvested cotton in to a salable product. The design and operation of cotton gins are usually oriented towards fibers production. In essence, the modern cotton gin enhances the value of the cotton removing objectionable foreign matter, while preserving as nearly as possible the inherent qualities of the fibers. Many component used in ginning machine such as, pinion gear, eccentric shaft, connecting housing, clutch pin, roll flange, crank shaft for jumbo ginning machine.[3] B. VARIOUS TYPES OF GINNING Figure 1. DR Ginning Machine[3] Neither history nor archeology have established when mankind first began to use cotton fibers, but fabrics of cotton are quite definitely known to have been in use as far back as 4000 years B.C. in India and probably served people long before then Innovative devices like the foot roller gin and charkha gin were employed in olden days for ginning cotton. Improved version of single crank charkha gin was used. It consisted of one serrated steel roller (top) and one wooden roller (bottom), flywheel and crank. However, it was only after the advent of industrial revolution in the West, the real ginning scenario changed completely, leading to the development of Saw and Roller Gins. There are broadly speaking two methods employed for ginning cotton. In the first method an external mechanism is provided to hold the fibers firmly while simultaneously the seed itself is being hit to loosen the hold of the fibers to the seed. In the second method the seed is held while simultaneously the fibers are pulled from it. Various types of ginning machine can be studied here. Saw Gin The Saw Gin belongs to second-generation tool invented by Eli Whitney in 1794, in the USA and the latest version is shown in Figure 2. It consists of a series of circular saws, 305 to 407 mm (12 to 18 inches) in diameter. All the saws are mounted closely on an axle and are made to revolve at high speed in order to tear the lint away from a roll of seed cotton. The saw projects slightly between bars or ribs, which are so, spaced that they prevent the seed from going forward. Fibers are thus torn away from the seeds with high speed. The seed cotton is fed continuously into a rounded box or hopper. The action of the saws keeps it revolving in a loosely compacted roll. The seed falls through a grid into a collecting box or seed conveyor. The lint is whipped off the teeth of the saws by high-speed brushes or an air blast. The average saw gin turns out about 500 kg of lint per hour. However, saw gin gives about 1% to 3.5% less ginning percentage than single and double roller gin. The maintenance of saw gin is very costly because there are many moving parts which are of special construction and many times are not readily available. Further, a qualified and experienced technician is required to operate saw gin stand to get the optimum output and to replace the worn out parts and adjust the gin for uniform processing of seed cotton. In view of limitations in respect of ginning short and medium staple cotton only, fiber length cutting and higher neps, saw gin in the countries like India where different varieties of different fiber parameters are grown has been phased out completely by double roller gins.[3] 26

3 Figure 2. Saw Gin[3] Single roller gin - McCarthy gin The principle of working of single roller gin is popularly known as McCarthy principle named after its proponent and shown in Figure 3. It lies in picking and then moving the cotton fibers between the roller and fixed knife preventing the seeds to pass through. The seed cotton, when thrown into the hopper, passes through the machine. While the machine is working, at each elevation of the moving knife the grids lift the cotton to the level of the stationary knifeedge and of the exposed surface of the rollers. The free ends of the fibers are gripped, in the grooves of the rotating roller, and dragged forward till the seeds reach the edge of stationary knife. The edge where the fiber is caught is the ginning point. By the downward motion of the moving knife, the seeds are detached from the cotton at the ginning point and are thrown out through the slots of the grid. It is important that the grooves of the rollers should be kept well open and when the leather roller becomes smooth, rough file should be applied occasionally to the surface to keep the same grip and pull on the fiber. The seeds are then hammered by means of the rapidly moving knife whereby some fibers are separated. In subsequent cycles, the remaining fibers also get separated. This process is continued till all the fibers from the seed get removed. The single roller gins have been phased out in India by Double Roller Gins due to lower production in single roller gins at same electrical power and manpower cost.[3] Figure 3. Single Roller Gin - McCarthy Gin[3] Rotobar Gin The Rotobar gin is shown in Figure 4. It works on the same principle as the roller gin as shown in Figure. 2.2 It has a rotating instead of oscillating beater bar, and is expected to give higher amount of lint per hour, per machine. The rotary knife vibrates less due to rotary motion and is more efficient than the reciprocating knife, which wasted time during backstroke. Ginning rate and carryover (unginned seed cotton that accompanies the seed) increase with feed rate. The main components of rotary knife roller gin stand include the stationary knife, rotary knife and ginning roller. The ginning roller is the most important and expensive component in the Rotobar Gin Stand. Roller covering material is made from 13 layers of plain woven cotton fabrics cemented together with rubber compound. Rotary-knife roller gin stands separate fiber from seed by frictional forces between a moving (roller) and fixed (stationary knife) surface. Three frictional forces exist while roller ginning cotton: (i) Roller-to- stationary knife (ii) Roller-to-fiber and (iii) Stationary knife- to-fiber During normal ginning, the roller-to-fiber force is greater than the stationary knife- to-fiber force; therefore, the fiber sticks to the roller surface and slips to the stationary knife surface. Also, greater the force between the stationary knife and ginning roller, the greater the frictional pulling force between the fiber and ginning roller.[8] 27

4 Figure 4. Principle of operation of Rotobar Gin[8] Double Roller Gin In a double roller (DR) gin is shown in Figure 5. Two spirally grooved leather rollers, pressed against two stationary knives with the help of adjustable dead loads, are made to rotate in opposite directions at a definite speed. The three beater arms (two at end and one at the center of beater shaft) are inserted in the beater shaft and two knives (moving knives) are then fixed to the beater arms with proper alignment. This assembly is known as beater assembly, which oscillates by means of a crank or eccentric shaft, close to the leather roller. When the seed cotton is fed to the machine in action, fibers adhere to the rough surface of the roller and are carried in between the fixed knife and the roller such that the fibers are partially gripped between them. The oscillating knives (moving knives) beats / drags the seeds from top to opposite direction causing separation of fibers from the seed end. This process is repeated a number of times till all spin able fibers are separated from the seeds. The fibers so detached from seeds are carried forward on the roller and drop out of the machine. The ginned seeds drop down through the slots provided on seed grid and the gap between end of seed grid and rail. The grid is part of beater assembly and oscillates along with the moving knives helping quick removal of the seeds. The essential machine parts of prototype double roller gin are Main frame of machine A pair of chrome leather roller A pair of fixed knives Power transmission system A pair of reciprocating (moving) knives Eccentric shaft The main frame of the machine is fabricated out of cold rolled sheet metal. Both the moving and fixed knives are made up of EN-8 alloyed steel. The roller is made of chrome composite leather washers. Two single-phase, 1HP motors are used to drive the rollers and moving knives independently. The eccentric shaft is fixed in between the two metal sheets, which is driven by belt and pulley mechanism from the motor. The power to drive the rollers is supplied by chain and sprocket mechanism driven by eccentric shaft.[5] Figure 5. Double Roller Gin[5] 28

5 II. RESEARCH ON GINNING TECHNOLOGY Extensive research carried out during the last decade in the world more particularly in the India as the cotton sector in India is progressing with high speed, significant technological advancement have taken place to improve the fundamentals of ginning to increase the outturn and to preserve the intrinsic quality of fiber obtaining the maximum length of fiber without breakage of seed, producing lint free of trash and contaminants at the lowest cost per unit ginned. The approach has been to make the process as gentle as possible and to reduce the harshness of saw gin, and to increase the productivity of roller gin. The focus is no longer on basic ginning mechanism but on combining ginning with auxiliary functions, and integrating them into a comprehensive ginning system. Various research works can be enumerated here as follows P.G.Patil (Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (ICAR), Nagpur) and P.M. Padole (Dept. of Mech. Engg, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur) the detail design study presented for Double Roller (DR) Gin carries several drawbacks. In order to remove these drawbacks two conceptual modified models of DR gin were designed using Pro/ENGINEER software. Best design of modified DR gin found to be simple in operation, energy efficient, requires minimum operational cost, and consumes less spares. Saving in space requirement of the machine is observed to be 54 %. This modified design minimized lubricating points and application of grease. This design facilitates precise control over roller pressure. Machine manufacturing is very easy. This machine is very sturdy and operator friendly. [1] Mr. M.K. Sharma, President, Bajaj Steel Industries Limited, Nagpur explained the Double Roller Ginning Technology has become most advantageous particularly in context of Africa and Asia and in the future may be used by many other countries in the other part of the world, which is evident from the fact that most recently some ginning factories in the PERU & EGYPT have started using Double Roller Ginning Technology based ginning factories. Due to wide spread acceptance of this technology after various developments as indicated above, the production of Double Roller Gins has increased from around 3000 prior to 10 years back to now about Double Roller Gins per annum in year 2008, thus this technology is the fastest developing ginning technology in the present times. [2] P. G. Patil (Corresponding Author) Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Nagpur, P. M. Padole Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India, A. B. Dahake Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Nagpur, K. M. Paralikar, Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, J. F. Agrawal Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur. explained the present research design and develop a modified double roller gin. Test data was generated through experiments conducted on a specially designed experimental set up employed on an existing commercial DR gin. Those data were then used to design and develop a modified DR gin. The ginning performance of the modified DR gin was then evaluated. [3] Mr. M. K. Sharma President, Bajaj Steel Industries Ltd., Nagpur India. explained the ginning technology which is most suitable for the type of cotton available for ginning should be selected i.e. for the black seed long and extra-long staple cotton if it is clean McCarthy Single Roller or double Roller should be selected but if it is machine picked / having higher trash then rotobar should be used. For fuzzy seed cotton up to medium staple cotton if it is having higher trash Saw Gin set up should be used however if it is hand-picked / clean Double Roller should be used to obtain best fiber parameters. [4] Prashantkumar Patil explained the new power transmission system of double roller gin. Double roller gins are commonly used in India for ginning seed cotton. International Textile Manufacturers Federation s survey 2005 reported that degree of grease and oil contamination in cotton lint is serious in India. Study revealed that the source of this contamination is the gearbox (power transmission system) of double roller gin as it is filled with grease/oil measuring about 20 kg. Prototype double roller gin has been designed and developed with new power transmission system which minimizes the use of oil and grease to a great extent. High Volume Instrument s results on fiber parameters indicated that quality of lint is at par with existing double roller gin with no prospect of oil and grease contamination. Developed machine is useful for cotton breeders, ginners, farmers to ascertain the ginning percentage and purity of seeds could be maintained. This prototype double roller gin could be the basis for design of modified double roller gin of a commercial size. [5] Prof. P. S. Nerkar, Dr. J. F. Agrawal, Mr. P.D. Deshpande explained there commendations and suggestions to improve quality of cotton fiber, suggestions for ginning factories are highlighted. In India, it was found that ginning factories do not operate efficiently with regard to the labor force employed and the amount of capital invested. In order to make a more concrete evaluation of the cotton ginning sector, it is necessary to determine the structural characteristics of the factories, costs and profitability, the level of technical efficiency, and the most important, potential for improvement in the industry. Irregular feeding of Seed Cotton to ginning machine decreases the production rate of seed and fiber. It also affects the quality of the fiber and seed. To overcome these difficulties feeding mechanism is developed. The primary function of feeding mechanism is to feed seed cotton uniformly to the ginning machine at controllable rates. Feed rollers, located at the bottom of the feeder, directly under the hopper, control the feed rate of seed cotton to the ginning machine. Stress analysis carried out by using FEA software and the results are compared with the calculated values. This paper illustrates how the chain drives are very important to carry forwards the power. [6] Shrikant V. Peshatwar and Laukik P. Raut explained the Fixtures reduce operation time and increases productivity and high quality of operation is possible. Eccentric shaft play an important role in application of ginning machine. Machining of keyways on eccentric shaft is an important task. Machining on simple shaft is easy as compare to eccentric shaft by conventional process. Machining of keyways on eccentric shaft is a time consuming process, so 29

6 reducing this time is a main aim. The job having a cylindrical shape and number of keyways are required on it at a different position. This is a challenging task for design engineer and hence Computer Aided Fixture Design (CAFD) is incorporated in manufacturing industry. It deals with the integration of CAD and CNC programming in CAM systems using software s for fixture design. Except V block, no other option is available to hold cylindrical object and hence special type of fixture is designed for this case, which can be used for machining of keyway on eccentric shaft. [7] S. R. Motghare studied conceptual modified parts and models of DR Gins were designed using Pro-E software and after detailed analysis, better design is used for actual fabrication. The most important conceptual Idea is to take the two stage of beater shaft assembly to increase the net output of DR gin. For that the frame is designed as the arrangement of beater shaft assembly, roller shaft, and rail assembly and Cross bar arrangement. Two connecting rods are mounted on same eccentric shaft to oscillate two beater shaft assembly, lower stage and upper stage. Arrangement of separate electric motors 1 HP each is provided to rotate both the roller. To rotate the upper stage roller pulley and belt drive is used from lower stage pulley. Power transmission from motor to shaft mounted speed reducer is achieved by pulley and V belt arrangement for 3HP motor. Crankshaft with eccentric is used to convert rotary motion of shaft into reciprocating motion of beater shaft through oscillating head. Split Coupling is provided for removing the roller for routine grooving and maintenance. The nut and screw mechanism to adjust the beater in respect of fixed knife is provided from the top of the side frames. [8] Vaibhav H Bankar explained the vibrations caused during operation of ginning machine. Remarkable advancement has taken place in the ginning technologies in during and post TMC era in India. It has kept the momentum of modernization of cotton ginning & pressing sector of India. Increased productivity of ginning machines, reduction of manpower and electrical power, reduction in contamination and improved cotton quality are benefits of these developments which resulted in increased export of cotton from India. Further, the developments taken in the cotton ginning & pressing technologies in India have made India a net exporter of these technologies, machinery and turnkey projects to various countries. Roller ginning technology would be a viable alternative for ginning the cotton produced. The effects of whole-body vibration are usually greatest at the lower end of the range, from 0.5 to 100 Hz. For handtransmitted vibration, frequencies as high as 1,000 Hz or more may have detrimental effects. Frequencies below about 0.5 Hz can cause motion sickness. The transmissibility of the body is highly dependent on vibration frequency, vibration axis and body posture. Vertical vibration on a seat causes vibration in several axes at the head; for vertical head motion, the transmissibility tends to be greatest in the approximate range of 3 to 10 Hz. The broader frequency range associated with whole-body vibration (between 0.5 and 100 Hz) compared to that for natural motion (between 2 and 8 Hz for voluntary movements, and below 4 Hz for locomotion) is a further difference that helps to explain reactions of the neuromuscular control mechanisms at very low and at high frequencies. Electromyography data suggest that an increased spinal load can occur due to reduced muscular stabilization of the spine at frequencies from 6.5 to 8 Hz and during the initial phase of a sudden upward displacement. In spite of weak EMG activity caused by whole-body vibration, back muscle fatigue during vibration exposure can exceed that observed in normal sitting postures without whole-body vibration. Tendon reflexes may be diminished or disappear temporarily during exposure to sinusoidal whole-body vibration at frequencies above 10 Hz. Minor changes of postural control after exposure to whole-body vibrations are quite variable, and their mechanisms and practical significance are not certain. Experiments with short-term and prolonged combined exposures to noise and Whole-body vibrations seem to suggest that vibration has a minor synergistic effect on hearing. As a tendency, high intensities of whole-body vibration at 4 or 5 Hz were associated with higher additional temporary threshold shifts (TTS).[9] Sachin W. Gajghate explained the vibrations caused during operation of ginning machine. Roller fixed knife, machine rotation at about rpm moving blades, seed grids constitutes a central assembly system oscillates by means of a crank or eccentric shaft, When the seed cotton is fed to the machine in action, push-pull-hit action the fibers are separated from the seed, Beater. Power transmission system Theoretically energy required to remove 1 kg lint (fibers) varies between 1000 to 3000 joules but actual energy consumed is about KJ/kg lint. This is about 60 to 120 times more. This poor energy utilization efficiency is mainly due to improper design of spares such as gear box, rollers, seed channel, feeder, transmission mechanism, unscientific way of applying pressure etc. Machine noise level is reasonably high (93 db) due to the reciprocating action of beater and gearbox. Noise levels of 85 db and above have shown to cause hearing impairment after prolonged exposure Study conducted on commercial ginning factory for past three years revealed that spare parts repairs and replacements and maintenance cost including grease/oil per season was found to be around 25 % of the initial cost (Rs.50000) of the machine. In DR gins the shaft of the oscillating knife is coupled to three beater arms. The motion of the reciprocating knives is symmetric bout the fixed knives. The alignment of the beater and moving knives should be such that it should not touch the roller or the stationary knife and back knife at any working position. The driving mechanism in the DR gin is fully controlled from the gearbox. At present in the most of the double roller gins, the roller speed is around 90 to 100 rpm while the beater oscillates with the Frequency of 900 to 1000 per minute. Uniform spacing should be maintained between the two moving knives throughout the length of the beater. This is to be effected by inserting or removing thin packing between the knife arms and beater knives. Measurements of thin film properties are difficult when compared to bulk materials. One method for finding the modulus of elasticity of a thin film is from frequency analysis of a cantilever beam. A straight, horizontal cantilever beam under a vertical load will deform into a curve. When this force is removed, the beam will return to its original shape; however, its inertia will keep the beam in motion. Thus, the beam will vibrate at its characteristic frequencies. If a thin film is 30

7 sputtered onto the beam, the flexural rigidity will be altered. This change causes the frequency of vibrations to shift. If the frequency shift is measured, the film s elastic modulus can be calculated. [10] DayiOu, Cheuk Ming In this paper finite element method is used to analyze the vibration of stiffened rectangular plate with clamped boundary condition. Free vibration is analyzed with single stiffener in two different positions. The stiffener considered was of rectangular shape. The same analysis then imposed to glass window with a diagonal stiffener. It was found that the vibration gets effected due to change in the stiffeners position. The natural frequencies were getting notably influenced by the positioning and location of stiffener. Although only one stiffener was used for the parametric studies but the results were fairly matching with the past analysis done. There is further scope in this task as the same analysis can be performed with number of different stiffeners under different boundary conditions. [11] J.M. Hale, A.H. Daraji explained the rectangular plate was used with cross stiffened stiffener. In order to analyses the vibration 10 piezoelectric actuators were used. The optimal placement of these actuators was analyzed by following defined algorithm. These 10 actuators were placed in two separate positions on the two plates with same dimensions and stiffeners position. Frequency response analysis was also done. [12] Dae Seung Cho, Nikola Vladimir, Tai Muk Choi, explained the Different shapes of openings are considered with arbitrary edge constraint. A permutation and combination of various spacing of stiffeners, numbers and various shapes of cutout is considered. Energy method is used to get the solution. For the stiffeners in addition a very simple method is used to add or subtract their strain and kinetic energies to get the solution. This procedure was validated by using Finite element method. The results were showing good agreement with the achieved mode shapes and natural frequencies. Being very simple method it is not having any limitation of applying with different edge conditions, stiffeners and cutout dimensions. This analysis was done for isotropic plate and further analysis of orthotropic plates can also be done as future project. [13] Davesh Prasad Sing Yadav, Avadesh Kumar Sharma, Vaibhav Shivhare, This paper presented the effect of stiffener on the free vibration analysis of the stiffened plate. Different cases of stiffener location, different boundary conditions aspect ratios and skew angle were taken into considerations. Finite element method was used to come to conclusion. They used Solid186 element in ANSYS software. Three different boundary conditions were considered and the results were compared to the earlier research work done. [14] III. PROBLEM DEFINATION The present work provides a view of the effect of vibration on the fatigue life of side cover that is continuously subjected to dynamic loading also breakage of side cover and this is studied by taking into consideration the side cover sizes of 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm and 3.5 mm which are successively varied to evaluate the stress acting on each due to continuous vibrations occurring on the side cover. The stress value reveals the best thickness suited for the side cover to perform the continuous operation without failure. IV. PROJECT OBJECTIVE To geometrically modal the side cover for double roller ginning machine To analyze the vibrations on Side cover experimentally. To vary the thickness of Side cover from 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm and calculate the modal frequency at each thickness. To calculate the random vibrations acting on plate for thickness of 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm and 3.5 mm. To validate the result by analytical analysis of Side cover in context of vibrations acting on it. To optimize the side cover in context of its thickness to increase the fatigue life. V. INVESTIGATION OUTCOME To achieve the objective of this project, we have proposed following Techniques. The sides cover under constant dynamic loading shows failure at certain interval of time which is termed as fatigue. The results calculated can be drawn on the lines of effect of vibrations which is Von misses or equivalent stress in this case. The various input values which are same for both condition are presented and the variation in the effect due to design variation of change in the thickness can be calculated and result is take place graphically The value of equivalent stress for 3 mm thickness of side cover shows a reduction as compared to the 2.5 mm thick plate and further change from 3 mm to 3.5 mm does not show a considerable change which states that the best value for thickness of side cover can be taken as 3 mm because it shows lesser value of stress and would certainly save the material which would rather increase if thickness of side cover is increased. VI. CONCLUSION The side cover subjected to varying load condition is subjected to thickness change in order to increase its fatigue strength. The values of equivalent stress are calculated for three thicknesses and it can be interpreted that the value of 3 mm of side cover can serve efficiently to reduce the effect of vibrations acting on side cover by increasing its fatigue life and optimizing the mass of side cover. 31

8 VII. REFERENCES [1] Patil, P.G. and P. M. Padole Double Roller cotton ginning machine, its drawback and possible modification. Proceedings of 11th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms (Na COMM- 2003), IIT, Delhi, Dec pp [2] Mr. M.K. Sharma, New Developments in Cotton Gin, Fourth Breakout Session on Thursday, November 20, 2008 during 67th Plenary Meeting of the ICAC in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso [3] M. K. Sharma, President, Bajaj Steel Industries Ltd., Nagpur, India, Cotton Ginning Technology selection Criteria for Optimum Result, the First International Conference on Science, Industry and Trade of Cotton, October 2-4, 2012 Gorgan, Iran [4] Gurumurthy Vijay Iyer, Environmental Effects of Chrome Composite Leather Clad Rollers commonly used by cotton roller Ginning Industries, Proceedings of the 2006 IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Energy &Environmental Systems, Chalkida, Greece, May 8-10, 2006 (pp ) [5] Prashantkumar Patil, Development of Prototype of Double Roller Gin with Improved Power transmission and its performance evaluation, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics Volume 5, Issue [6] Prof P.S Nerkar, Analysis of Power Transmission System For Ginning Machine with Feeding mechanism using FEA, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: , p-issn: X PP [7] Shrikant V. Peshatwar, Computer Aided Fixture Design for Machining of Keyways on Eccentric Shaft, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August ISSN [8] S.R. Motghare, Component Design Verification and Modification of Double Roller Ginning Machine, International Journal of Analytical, Experimental and Finite Element Analysis (IJAEFEA), Issue. 4, Vol. 1, Dec E-ISSN: , p-issn: , pp [9] DayiOu, Cheuk Ming Mak, Free flexural vibration analysis of Stiffened plates with general elastic boundary support, World journal of modeling and Simulation, [10] J.M. Hale, A.H. Daraji, Active vibration reduction of stiffened plates with optimally placed sensors and actuators, ISMA, [11] DaeSeung Cho, Nikola Vladimir, Tai Muk Choi, Numerical Procedure for the vibration analysis of arbitrarily constrained stiffened panels with opening, IJNAOE, [12] Davesh Prasad Sing Yadav, Avadesh Kumar Sharma, Vaibhav Shivhare, Effect of stiffener s position on vibration analysis of the plates,ijast,2015. [13] Vaibhav H Bankar, Vibration Analysis Of Double Roller Autofeeder Ginning Machine Seed Channel By Global Stiffness Matrices : Vibration Measurement & Its Effects, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August, 2016 ISSN [14] Sachin W. Gajghate, Vibration Study of Seed channel of Double Roller Ginning Machine using a Mathematical Approach and its Effect, International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, ISSN , Impact Factor: 6.452, Volume 06 Issue 07, July 2016, Page