AREA AND PRODUCTION OF MAJOR CROPS

Transcription

1 THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA CENTRAL STATISTICAL AGENCY AGRICULTURAL SAMPLE SURVEY 2011 / 2012 (2004 E.C.) (September December 2011) VOLUME I REPORT ON AREA AND PRODUCTION OF MAJOR CROPS (PRIVATE PEASANT HOLDINGS, MEHER SEASON) STATISTICAL BULLETIN ADDIS ABABA May, 2012

2 CONTENTS PAGE PART I INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY...2 PART II SURVEY METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING 2.1 SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF THE SURVEY SAMPLING FRAME SAMPLE DESIGN SELECTION SCHEME ORGANIZATION OF FIELD WORK TRAINING OF FIELD STAFF METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION DATA PROCESSING a) Editing, Coding and Verification...6 b) Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS....7 PART III SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESULTS AREA & PRODUCTION...11 APPENDIX I. ESTIMATION PROCEDURES OF TOTALS, RATIOS AND SAMPLING ERRORS.. 97 APPENDIX II. STANDARD ERRORS AND COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATION 103 APPENDIX III. NUMBER OF PLANNED AND ACTUALLY COVERED SAMPLING UNITS APPENDIX IV. QUESTIONNAIRES ABBREVIATIONS: CV COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION E.C. ETHIOPIAN CALENDAR S.N.N.P.R. SOUTHERN NATIONS, NATIONALITIES AND PEOPLES REGION

3 PART I INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY 1.1. INTRODUCTION Te sound performance of agriculture warrants te availability of food crops. Tis accomplisment in agriculture does not only signify te adequate acquisition of food crops to attain food security, but also eralds a positive aspect of te economy. In regard to tis, collective efforts are being geared to securing agricultural outputs of te desired level so tat self reliance in food supply can be acieved and disaster caused food sortages be contained in te sortest possible time in Etiopia. Te prime role tat agriculture plays in a country s political, economic and social stability makes measures of agricultural productions extremely sensitive. Statistics collected on agricultural productions are, terefore, fraugt wit questions of reliability by data users. To tackle tese questions convincingly and dissipate te misgivings of users, information on agriculture as to be collected using standard procedures of data collection. Upolding tis principle, te Central Statistical Agency (CSA) as been furnising statistical information on te country s agriculture since 1980/81 to alert policy interventionists on te canges taking place in te agricultural sector. As part of tis task te 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) was conducted to provide data on crop area and production of crops witin te private peasant oldings for Meer Season of te specified year. Te survey results are presented in tis bulletin and oter electronic media for data users. Te report comprises tree parts. Part I contains te objectives of tis annual survey. Part II deals wit coverage of te survey, sample design, field organization and metod of data collection and Part III includes te survey results. Estimation procedures and formulation of estimates of totals, ratios and variance are presented in Appendix I. Estimates of te standard errors wit te corresponding coefficients of variations for area and production of crops are presented in Appendix II. Te numbers of agricultural 1

4 ouseolds covered, number of parcels and fields measured are presented in appendix III and te survey questionnaires in Appendix IV OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY Te general objective of CSA s Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) is to collect basic quantitative information on te country s agriculture tat is essential for planning, policy formulation, monitoring and evaluation of mainly food security and oter agricultural activities. Te AgSS is composed of four components: Production Forecast Survey, Meer Season Post Harvest Survey (Area and production, land use, farm management and crop utilization), Livestock Survey and Belg Season Survey. Te specific objectives of Meer Season Post Harvest Survey are to estimate te total crop area, volume of crop production and yield of crops for Meer Season agriculture in Etiopia. Te report is based on private peasant oldings in rural sedentary areas of te country and part of companion reports on te performance of agriculture in te country. Te report is compiled at regional and zonal level. 2

5 PART II SURVEY METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING 2.1. SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF THE SURVEY Te range of data items tat te 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (Meer Season) dealt wit includes all cereals, pulses and oilseeds and te most commonly grown vegetables, root crops and permanent (perennial) crops. Holders growing at least one or more of tese and / or oter crops are enumerated and data on crop area and yield condition recorded, ence data on production of tese crops acquired. Te 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (Meer season) covered te entire rural parts of te country except te non-sedentary population of tree zones of Afar & six zones of Somali regions. To be covered by te survey, a total of 2,290 Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected. However, due to various reasons tat are beyond control, in 17 EAs te survey could not be successful and ence interrupted. Tus, all in all te survey succeeded to cover 2,273 EAs (99.25 %) trougout te regions. Te Annual Agricultural Sample survey (Meer season) was conducted on te basis of 20 agricultural ouseolds selected from eac EA. Regarding te ultimate sampling units, it was intended to cover a total of 47,080 agricultural ouseolds, owever, 45,575 (98. 9 %) were actually covered by te survey. 2.2 SAMPLING FRAME Te list containing EAs of all regions and teir respective ouseolds obtained from te 1999 E.C cartograpic census frame was used as te sampling frame in order to select te primary sampling units (EAs). Consequently, all sample EAs were selected from tis frame based on te design proposed for te survey. Te second stage sampling units, ouseolds, were selected from a fres list of ouseolds tat were prepared for eac EA at te beginning of te survey. 3

6 2.3 SAMPLE DESIGN In order to select te sample a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. Enumeration areas (EAs) were taken to be te primary sampling units (PSUs) and te secondary sampling units (SSUs) were agricultural ouseolds. Te sample size for te 2010/11 agricultural sample survey was determined by taking into account of bot te required level of precision for te most important estimates witin eac domain and te amount of resources allocated to te survey. In order to reduce non-sampling errors, manageability of te survey in terms of quality and operational control was also considered. All regions were taken to be te domain of estimation for wic major findings of te survey are reported. 2.4 SELECTION SCHEME Enumeration areas from eac stratum were selected systematically using probability proportional to size sampling tecnique; size being number of agricultural ouseolds. Te sizes for EAs were obtained from te 2007 E.C Population and Housing census frame. From te fres list of ouseolds prepared at te beginning of te survey 20 agricultural ouseolds witin eac sample EA were selected systematically. Estimation procedure of totals, ratios, sampling error and te measurement of precision of estimates (CV) are given in Appendix-I and II respectively. Distribution of sampling units (sampled and covered EAs and ouseolds) by stratum is also presented in Appendix-III ORGANIZATION OF FIELD WORK Te conduct of a survey cannot be executed witout te arrangement of fieldwork. In recognition of tis, te organization of fieldwork as been entrusted to te Desks tat liaises between te Head Office and te 25 Branc Statistical Offices spread across te regions. All Branc Offices took part in te survey execution especially in recruiting te enumerators, organizing te 2 nd stage training, assigning te field staff to teir sites of 4

7 enumeration, supervising te data collection and retrieving completed questionnaires and submitting tem to te Head Office for data processing. Te Branc Offices were also responsible for administering te financial and logistic aspects of te survey witin teir areas of operation. A total of 2,394 enumerators, 529 field supervisors and 66 statisticians were involved in te data collection were on te average one supervisor was assigned to five enumeration areas for supervision of data collection. All te enumerators were supplied wit te necessary survey equipment after te completion of te training to ensure te smoot operation of te survey. To facilitate te data collection activities, a total of 194 four-weel drive veicles were used TRAINING OF FIELD STAFF Te execution of a survey and quality of data acquired from te survey igly depend on te type of training given to te enumerators and supervisors and te consequent understanding of te tasks to be performed and te standard procedures to be followed by te enumerators and supervisors in te survey undertaking. Te quality and completeness of data are ensured wen te training meets its objective of producing responsible and fervent enumerators and supervisors. In ligt of tis point, te training was given to te field staff in two stages. Te first stage training, wic took place at te SNNPR capital Awassa and lasted 7 days targeted staff from te Head Office, statisticians and senior field supervisors from Branc Statistical Offices. Te staff tat took part in te first stage training was ten assigned to conduct similar training for te enumerators and oter supervisors for 15 days in all te twenty- five Branc Statistical Offices distributed across te country. In te training te field staff was given detailed classroom instruction on ow to collect data, metod of area measurement, interviewing procedures, etc. Te training also included field practice to reinforce te understanding of concepts, definitions and teories discussed in te classroom wit regard to field measurement, crop cutting, GPS reading and interviewing metods. 5

8 2.7. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION Te agricultural data for te year 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) was collected from sedentary rural peasant ouseolds by interviewing te selected agricultural olders and pysically measuring teir fields to obtain data on crop yields and oter items of interest. Te data obtained were recorded in various forms designed for tis purpose. Instruments like measuring tape; compass, kitcen balance, scientific calculators, GPS ( Oromiya region only) and oters were used during data collection for a timely and smoot acquisition of accurate data. Te procedures for measuring area under crop and area of non - crop fields operated by te olders were performed for te 30 selected ouseolds from eac sampled E.A. using measuring tapes and compasses as well as GPS DATA PROCESSING a) Editing, Coding and Verification Statistical data editing plays an important role in ensuring te quality of te collected survey data. It minimizes te effects of errors introduced wile collecting data in te field, ence te need for data editing, coding and verification. Altoug coding and editing are done by te enumerators and supervisors in te field, respectively, verification of tis task is done at te Head Office. An editing, coding and verification instruction manual was prepared and reproduced for tis purpose. Ten 66 editors-coders and verifiers were trained for two days in editing, coding and verification using te aforementioned manual as a reference and teacing aid. Te completed questionnaires were edited, coded and later verified on a 100 % basis before te questionnaires were passed over to te data entry unit. Te editing, coding and verification exercise of all questionnaires took 18 days. b) Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation Before data entry, te Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Statistics Directorate of te CSA prepared edit specification for te survey for use on personal computers for data consistency cecking purposes. Te data on te edited and coded questionnaires were ten entered into personal computers. Te data were ten cecked 6

9 and cleaned using te edit specifications prepared earlier for tis purpose. Te data entry operation involved about 70 data encoders, 10 data encoder supervisors, 12 data cleaning operators and 55 personal computers. Te data entered into te computers using te entry module of te CSPRO (Census and Survey Processing System) software, wic is a software package developed by te United States Bureau of te Census. Following te data entry operations, te data was furter reviewed for data inconsistencies, missing data etc. by te regular professional staff from Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Statistics Directorate. Te final stage of te data processing was to summarizing te cleaned data and produce statistical tables tat present te results of te survey using te tabulation component of te PC based CSPRO software produced by professional staff from Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Statistics Directorate CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Data items of agriculture ave to be distinctly defined and identified, so tat te information about te items becomes useful. Te correct way of stating data items and related terms is a prerequisite for making standards and definitions for te collection and compilation of agricultural data. Te purpose of using standard concepts and definitions is not only to provide quality data but also to ensure tat te rigt items are enumerated and measured accurately to reflect te agricultural situation. Standard concepts and definitions used in te survey elp to maintain consistent enumeration and measurement of variables of interest. To acieve tis, CSA communicates concepts and definitions to te field staff troug training and instruction manuals. Te concepts and definitions used in te survey included te following. Enumeration Area (E.A): an enumeration area in te rural parts of te country is a locality tat is, in most of te cases less tan, and only in some cases equal to a farmers association in geograpical area and usually consists of ouseolds. Houseold: a ouseold may be eiter: a) a one person ouseold, tat is a person wo makes provisions for is own living witout combining wit any oter person to form part of a multi- person ouseold or 7

10 b) a multi-person ouseold, tat is, a group of two or more persons wo live togeter and make common provisions for food and oter essentials of living. Te persons in te group may pool teir incomes and ave a common budget to a greater or lesser extent. Tey may be related or unrelated persons or a combination of bot. Tese persons are taken as members of te ouseold. Agriculture: - Te growing of crops and/or raising of animals for own consumption and /or sale. Agricultural Houseold: - a ouseold is considered an agricultural ouseold wen at least one member of te ouseold is engaged in growing crops and/or raising livestock in private or in combination wit oters. Holding: - a olding is all te land and /or livestock kept, wic is used wolly or partly for agricultural production and is operated as one legal entity by one person alone, or wit oters wit out regard to management, organization, size or location. Holder: - a older is a person wo exercises management control over te operation of te agricultural olding and makes te major decision regarding te utilization of te available resources. He/se as primary tecnical and economic responsibility for te olding. He/se may operate te olding directly as an owner or a manager. Under conditions of traditional agricultural olding te older may be regarded as te person, wo wit or wit out te elp of oters, operates land and/or raises livestock in is/ er own rigt, i.e. te person wo decides on wic, were, wen, and ow to grow crops or raise livestock or bot and as te rigt to determine te utilization of te products. Parcel: - a parcel of olding is any piece of land entirely surrounded by land and/or water and/or road and/or forest etc., wic is not part of te olding. It may consist of one or more cadastral units, plots or fields adjacent to eac oter. Field: - a field is defined as any plot of land wic is a parcel or part of a parcel under te same or mixed crops or any oter form of land use (private olding). 8

11 : includes cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, root crops, fruits, coffee, Enset, Cat, ops, sugarcane, cotton, tobacco, etc produced for food, making drinks, stimulation and making fabrics or cloting. production: - te process of growing and arvesting of te above crops for own consumption and/or sale. Temporary/Annual s: - Annual/temporary crops are crops, wic are grown in less tan a year s time, sometimes only a few monts wit an objective to sow or replant again for additional production following te current arvest. Continuously grown crops planted in rotation are also considered as temporary crops since eac is arvested and destroyed by plouging in preparation for eac successive crop. Permanent (Perennial) s: - s, wic are grown and occupy land for a long period of time, not requiring replanting for several years after eac arvest, are considered as permanent crops. All fruit trees (i.e. oranges, mandarin, bananas, etc) and trees for beverages (i.e. coffee, tea, ops (Geso), etc) are considered permanent crops but meadows and pastures are excluded. Meer (Main) Season : - any temporary crop arvested between te monts of Meskerm (September) and Yekatit (February) is considered as meer season crop. Belg Season : - any temporary crop arvested between te monts of Megabit (Marc) and Pagume (August) is considered to be Belg Season. Note:- 1. If in some tables figures do not add up to total it is due to rounding 2. Tose area and production designated by * in all tables could not be reported because of ig coefficient of variation ( i.e. tey are less reliable). However, tey are consolidated in te total estimates. 3.In all tables - indicates not reported. 9

12 PART III SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESULTS 3.1 INTRODUCTION By and large, agriculture in Etiopia is subsistence. Tis is particularly true to te major food crops grown in te country and covered in te survey. Te major food crops are produced in almost all regions of te country in spite of te variation in volume of production across te regions. Te variation may be attributed to te extent of area devoted to eac crop type, weater cange and a sift in preference for te crops grown. Te food crops on wic data is collected are te ones tat are commonly grown by te majority of peasant olders. In te statistical tables tese crops ave been categorized into eigt groups for simplicity of description and comparison purposes. Te groups are cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, root crops, fruit crops, stimulant crops and sugar cane. Stimulant crops consist of Cat, coffee and ops. yield per area (amount of crop arvested per amount of land planted) is te most commonly used impact indicator for agricultural productivity activities. yields are inevitably affected by many factors, tese are weater, input price, canges in farming practices, amounts of fertilizer used, quality of seed varieties,and use of irrigation. 3.2 Major Findings of te Year 2011/12 (2004 E.C.), Post-Harvest Production Survey, Meer Season Te results of te year 2011/12 (2004 E.C.), Meer Season Post-arvest Production Survey as been summarized and quantitative information wit regard to farm management practice, land use and Utilization agricultural produce will be made available at national, regional and zonal reporting levels, consecutively, following tis report. Tis report, owever, presents quantitative information on cropped land area and production of bot temporary and permanent crops at Country, regional and zonal reporting levels. In tis section of te report, terefore, brief discussions on te major findings of te Survey are presented as follows. 10

13 3.2.1 Grain s:- refer to te major crop category tat included cereals, pulses and oilseeds, wic not only constituted te major food crops for te majority of te country s population but also served as a source of income at ouseold level and a contributer for te country s foreign currency earnings, among oters. Te results of te year 2011/12 (2004 E.C.), Meer Season Post-arvest Production Survey indicate tat a total land area of about 12,086, ectares are covered by grain crops i.e. cereals, pulses and oilseeds, from wic a total volume of about 218,570, quintals of grains are obtained, from private peasant oldings (See Table 1 below). Table 1 Total Area and Production of Grain s for Private oldings, 2011/12 (2004 E.C.), Meer Season Category Total Area in Hectare % Total Production in Qts % Cereals... 9,588, ,099, Pulses... 1,616, ,162, Oil.. 880, ,308, Grain s 12,086, ,570, Note:- Assuming te 2010/11 Belg season and commercial farms cropland area and production to be te same in te 2011/12 production year, tecountry level total crop production of bot season from all sectors for te 2011/12 is estimated to be :- Grain s Area in Ha Estimated Production in Qts Private oldings in 2011/12 Meer Season 12,086, ,570,430 Commercial farms 2011/12 bot Seasons 452,244 9,327,412 Private oldings 2011/12 Belg Season 1,173,048 9,008,231 Grand Total 13,711, ,906,073 witin te category of grain crops, Cereals are te major food crops bot in terms of te area tey are planted and volume of production obtained. Tey are produced in larger volume compared wit oter crops because tey are te principal staple crops. Cereals are grown in all te regions wit varying quantity as sown in te survey results. Te data in Table 2 well underpin tis finding of te survey. Out of te total grain crop area, 79.34% (9,588, ectares) was under cereals. Teff, maize, sorgum and weat took up 22.6% (about 2,731,111.67ectares), 17% (about 2,054, ectares), 15.92% (1,923, ectares) and 11.89% (1,437, ectares) of te grain crop area, respectively. As to production, te tables paint similar 11

14 picture as tat of te area. Cereals contributed % (about 188,099, quintals) of te grain production. Maize, teff, weat and sorgum made up 27.77% (60,694, quintals), 16% (34,976, quintals), % (29,163, quintals) and % (39, quintals) of te grain production, in te same order. Te survey results sow tat te private peasant olders grow various crops for own consumption and/ or economic benefits. Pulses are also among te various crops produced in all te regions of te country after cereals. Pulses are grown in different volumes across te country as indicated in Table 2. Pulses grown in 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) covered % (1,616, ectares) of te grain crop area and 10.6% (about 23,162, quintals) of te grain production was drawn from te same crops. Faba beans, aricot beans, and cick peas were planted to 3.79 % (about 457, ectares), 2.74% (about 331, ectares) and 1.76% (about 231, ectares) of te grain crop area. Te production obtained from faba beans, aricot beans and cick peas was 3.27 % (about 7,147, ectares), 1.77 % (about 3,878, ectares) and 1.83 %( 4,002, ectares) quintals of te grain production, in tat order. Oilseeds refer to crops wic are also classified witin grain crops category, noneteless. oilseeds are grown to flavour te food consumed at ome and earn some cas for peasant olders in te country. Various oil crops are produced in all te regions wit differing quantity as illustrated in te survey results. Table 2 underscores tis point in detail. Oilseeds added 7.29 % (about 880, ectares) of te grain crop area and 3.34 % (about 7,308, quintals) of te production to te national grain total. Neug, sesame and linseed covered 2.56 % (about 309, ectares), 2.79 % (about 337, ectares) and 0.96 % (about 116,541.4 ectares) of te grain crop area and 0.85 % (about 1,863, quintals), 1.12 % (about 2,447, quintals) and 0.52 % (about 1,127, quintals) of te grain production, respectively. 12

15 3.2.2 Vegetables- olders living near to urban centres largely practice vegetable farming. Most vegetables are not commonly practiced by te rural private peasant olders, ence te small volume of production recorded as well evidenced by te survey results. Figure 1 underlines tis more in te report. Vegetables took up about 1.18% of te area under all crops at national level. However, Of te total estimated area under vegetables, te lion sare wic is about 67.98% and 19.86% was under red peppers and Etiopian Cabbage, respectively(see Statistical Table 2). As to production of vegetables contribute 2.78% to all crops production total, conversely,of te total production of vegetables, te same crops ave te lion sare i.e. about 31.69% and 42.76%, in tat order Root s - Some root crops like onion and garlic are indispensable to improve te taste and scent of te food we eat. Oters like potatoes, sweet potatoes and taro/ Godere are among te list of major food crops tat are consumed across te country. Tese and oter economic importances prompt te peasant olders to grow many of te root crops as sown in te survey results. Table 2 substantiates tis point in more details. Root crops covered more tan 1.42% of te area under all crops and contributed 6.15% to te production of all crops total in te country(see Figure 1). Nevertless, Potatoes, sweet potatoes and taro ( Godere ) added about %, % and % to te area of te root crop total. Te same crops contributed %, % and % to te root crop production total in te same order. 13

16 Etiopia Table 2 - Area, Production and Yield of s for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) Number of olders Area in ectare % distribution Production in quintal % distribution Grain s ,476,888 12,086, ,570, Cereals... 13,088,242 9,588, ,099, Teff... 6,300,048 2,731, ,976, Barley... 4,085, , ,852, Weat... 4,324,679 1,437, ,163, Maize... 9,154,883 2,054, ,694, Sorgum... 5,166,690 1,923, ,512, Finger millet... 1,556, , ,518, Oats/'Aja' ,195 30, , Rice... 93,286 30, , Pulses... 7,482,410 1,616, ,162, Faba beans.... 3,604, , ,147, Field peas... 1,482, , ,632, Haricot beans... 2,872, , ,878, Cick-peas , , ,002, Lentils , , ,280, Vetc , , ,055, Soya beans... 84,188 19, , Fenugreek ,292 39, , Gibto ,681 34, , Oilseeds... 3,577, , ,308, Neug... 1,069, , ,863, Linseed , , ,127, Groundnuts ,334 64, ,034, Sunflower ,952 8, , Sesame , , ,447, Rapeseed ,537 45, , Vegetables... 6,397, , ,557, Lettuce... 36, , Head Cabbage ,564 4, , Etiopian Cabbage... 3,337,530 31, ,231, Tomatoes ,850 7, , Green peppers... 1,299,202 6, , Red peppers... 2,383, , ,394, Swiss card , , Root s... 5,645, , ,710, Beetroot ,581 2, , Carrot ,657 * * 135, * Onion... 1,014,431 30, ,281, Potatoes... 1,299,518 59, ,754, Garlic... 1,640,623 13, ,239, Taro/'Godere'... 1,466,801 39, ,152, Sweet potatoes... 1,587,361 51, ,901, Fruit s... 3,230,013 61, ,393, Avocados... 1,047,525 9, , Bananas... 2,083,670 35, ,912, Guavas ,219 1, , Lemons , , Mangoes ,791 8, , Oranges ,440 3, , Papayas ,608 2, , Pineapples... 34, , Cat... 2,445, , ,807, Coffee... 4,042, , ,768, Hops... 1,921,073 22, , Sugar Cane... 1,091,763 22, ,335, Enset... 4,305, , ,288, yield (qt / a) 14

17 3.2.4 Fruit s Te survey results sow tat fruit crops grown by te private peasant olders cover only a small token area and production in te country. Te number of olders practicing fruit farming is muc less tan tat of grains or cereals as indicated in te tables. About 61, ectares of land is under fruit crops in Etiopia. Bananas contributed about % of te fruit crop area followed by mangoes tat contributed % of te area. More tan 5,393, quintals of fruits was produced in te country. Bananas, Papayas, mangoes and oranges took up 54%, 7.89%, 13.49% and 9.04% of te fruit production, respectively, as sown in Table Stimulant crops Farmers engaged in growing and producing stimulant crops suc as coffee and Cat are greater in number tan tose growing fruits. Te area and production of tese crops are also larger tan tat of fruits since tey earn a considerable amount of cas for te olders. Table 2 sow Cat and coffee sared 1.33% and 3.80% of te area under all crops in te country and 1,807, and 3,768, quintals of produce was obtained from tese crops in te same agricultural year respectively Sugar Cane- is grown in small areas in some parts of te country witin te private peasant oldings. About 22, ectares of land was under sugar cane in te country, yielding an estimated total of 10,335, quintals of produce by te peasant olders. But te production is not usually used for industrial purposes. It is noticeably used up in ouseold consumption. 15

18 3.2.7 Enset:- is grown in sout-western part of te country and covers considerable land area witin te private oldings. A total of 312, ectares of land was under Enset in te country, taking up about 2.30% land area covered by all crops at country level and yielding a bout 7,288, quintals of produce by te peasant olders, contributing about 2.68% to te total country level all crops Production (See figure 1, 2 and Table 2). 3.3 Comparison of te current year 2011/12 Post - Harvest yield wit 2009/10 and 2010/11, estimates. In tis section of te report an attempt as been made to compare te post-arvest crop productivity estimates of selected important food crops obtained from te 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) Agricultural Sample Survey wit last year i.e. 2009/10 crop yield estimates of te same crops. Te presentation of suc comparisons are believed to give a bird s eye view weter, or not te current year estimated increase in te volume of production over te last year estimate, is effected from increased cropped area or due to te attainment of enanced crop yield or te contribution of bot ave brougt te increment of te current year production, contributed but enanced crop yield taken up te lion saret, so as one can generally indicate te direction, te rate of cange and te level of steps te agriculture sector taking up on te ladder of transformation to commercialized agriculture from its intial subsistence and back ward stating point. Of course, it sould be noted tat, except te progress made during te te last two and alf decades, te te agricultural sector in Etiopia ad remained stagenant for centuries wit limited progress in few specific areas. Consequently, te out come of suc comparisons are believed to serve as problem area indicators for concerned stakeolders to develop and implement corrective measures, tat could elp to accelerate te speed of transforming te existing agriculture into commercial agriculture. Tus, to meet te so far mentioned objectives, te following brief discussions on te results of crop productivity comparisons made for selected important food crops at country level is presented: 16

19 Since te rain fall was normal and adequate in te current crop-growing season, as a matter of tis fact te 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) main season crop production as sown significant increament bot in te estimated cropped land area and volume of grain crops production. As indicated in table 3, te 2011/12 estimated cropped area and volume of production ave increased by about 2.23 % and 7.41% over last year 2010/11 post arvest estimate. Conversely, wit regard to estimated crop yield, crops suc as maze, teff, barely and weat witin te category of cereals ave sown an increment, tat ranges from % and % for maize to 4.32% and 1.51%for teff over te 2009/10 and 2010/11 Post-arvest estimates. Similarly crops suc as faba beans, lnseed an ground nuts ave sown an increment tat ranges from 43.69% and % for ground nuts to 30.93% and 2.76% for faba beans over 2009/10 and 2010/11 estimates, in tat order. (See Figure 3). 17

20 Table 3 - Estimate of Area and Production of Grain s for 2010/11 (2003 E.C) and 2011/12 (2004 E.C.), Meer Season Area in ectare Production in quintal Region 2011 / /11 % 2011 / /11 % (2004 E.C) (2003 E.C) Cange (2004 E.C) (2003 E.C) Cange TIGRAY 864, , AFAR 4, , AMHARA 4,287, ,149, ,051, OROMIA 5,492, ,435, ,806, SOMALI , ,127, BENISHANGUL-GUMUZ , ,674, S.N.N.P.R ,066, ,551, GAMBELA , , HARARI , , DIRE DAWA , , ALL 12,086, ,822, ,570, ,485, Following te same Pattern, te results of te 2010/11 Post-arvest agricultural Sample Survey, indicates tat bot te largest grain cropped land area and te igest volume of production obtained in te current Meer season is reported for Oromia, Amara, SNNP, Tigray and Bensangul-Gumuz Regions. Accordingly, te total grain cropped area reported for eac of te above mentioned regions ave increased by about 1.05%,3.31 %, 3.13%, 3.65% and 6.04% over last year 2010/11 post arvest estimate. Following te same pattern te current year arvested volume of production reported for te above mentioned regions ave also increased by about 9.39%, 3.94%, 10.73%, 1.81% and 9.36% over last year 2010/11 post arvest estimate of te regions, in tat order (For details see Table.3 and figure 4). Fig. 4 land Area and Production of Grain s by Regions; 2011/12 & /11, Meer Season In Tousand Units Area in ectare 2011 / 12 (2004 E.C) Area in ectare 2010 /11 (2003 E.C) Production in quintal 2011 / 12 (2004 E.C) Production in quintal 2010 /11 (2003 E.C) TIGRAY AFAR AMHARA OROMIA SOMALI BENISHANGUL-GUMUZ S.N.N.P.R. GAMBELA HARARI DIRE DAWA All Oter Regions 18

21 Etiopia Table 4 - Estimate of Area, Production and Yield of s for 2009/10 (2002 E.C) and 2011/12 (2004 E.C.), Meer Season Area in ectare Production in quintal Yield (quintal / ectare) 2011 / /11 % 2011 / /11 % 2011 / /11 % (2004 E.C) (2003 E.C) Cange (2004 E.C) (2003 E.C) Cange (2004 E.C) (2003 E.C) Cange Grain crops 12,086, ,822, ,570, ,485, Cereals 9,588, ,690, ,099, ,613, Teff 2,731, ,761, ,976, ,834, Barley 948, ,046, ,852, ,033, Weat 1,437, ,553, ,163, ,556, Maize 2,054, ,963, ,694, ,861, Sorgum 1,923, ,897, ,512, ,598, Finger millet 432, , ,518, ,348, Oats / Aja 30, , , , Rice 30, , , Pulses 1,616, ,357, ,162, ,531, Faba beans 457, , ,147, ,977, Field peas 212, , ,632, ,570, Haricot beans 331, , ,878, ,402, Cick-peas 231, , ,002, ,228, Lentils 109, , ,280, , Grass peas 179, , ,055, ,009, Soya beans 19, , , Fenugreek 39, , , , Gibto 34, , , , Oilseeds 880, , ,308, ,339, Neug 309, , ,863, ,448, Linseed 116, , ,127, , Groundnuts 64, , ,034, , Safflower 8, , , , Sesame 337, , ,447, ,277, Rape seed 45, , , , Vegetables 160, , ,557, ,756, Lettuce , , Head cabbage 4, , , , Et. Cabbage 31, , ,231, ,316, Tomatoes 7, , , , Green peppers 6, , , , Red peppers 108, , ,394, ,098, Swiss card , , Root crops 199, , ,710, ,155, Beetroot 2, , , , Carrot * 2,214.8 * 135, , * * Onion 30, , ,281, ,369, Potatoes 59, , ,754, ,473, Garlic 13, , ,239, ,284, Taro / Godere 39, , ,152, ,397, Sweet potatoes 51, , ,901, ,363, Fruit crops 61, , ,393, ,862, Avocados 9, , , , Bananas 35, , ,912, ,705, Guavas 1, , , , Lemons , , Mangoes 8, , , , Oranges 3, , , , Papayas 2, , , , Pineapples , * * * * Cat 179, , ,807, ,030, Coffee 515, , ,768, ,705, Hops 22, , , , Sugar cane 22, , ,335, ,877, Enset 312, , ,288, ,948,

22 Table 4 - Area, Production and Yield of s for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) Tigray of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain s , , ,898, Cereals , , ,254, Teff , , ,938, Barley ,820 99, ,640, Weat , , ,001, Maize ,906 64, ,536, Sorgum , , ,736, Finger millet... * 76, ,337, Oats/'Aja'... 7,568 * * * Rice ,055 * * * Pulses ,414 50, , Faba beans ,058 15, , Field peas... 40,720 4, , Haricot beans... 49,210 3, * * Cick-peas... 70,238 7, , Lentils... 56,226 7, , Grass Peas... * 9, , Soya beans... 52,639 * * * Fenugreek , , Gibto , Oilseeds... 36,500 98, , Neug... 80,581 4, , Linseed... * 7, , Groundnuts... 5,509 * * * Safflower ,829 * * * Sesame... 1,002 85, , Rape seed ,492 * * * Vegetables... 4,513 2, , Lettuce... 11, * * Head Cabbage... 6, , Etiopian Cabbage... 20, * * Tomatoes... 57, , Green peppers , , Red peppers... 7,074 1, , Swiss card , , Root s... * 2, , Beetroot... 4,724 * * * Carrot... 49,746 * * * Onion... 35,908 * * * Potatoes... 60, , Garlic , Taro/'Godere' Sweet potatoes... 55, Fruit s... 3, , Avocados... 6,908 * - - Bananas... 25,305 * * * Guavas... 11, , Lemons... 3,001 * * * Mangoes... 14,685 * * * Oranges... 14, , Papayas , Pineapples... * Cat... 14,416 * - - Coffee ,137 * - - Hops... * 1, , Sugar Cane... * * - - Enset ,508 *

23 Table Area, Production and Yield of s for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) Nort West Tigray of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain s , , ,728, Cereals , , ,480, Teff ,811 35, , Barley... 12, , Weat... * * * * Maize ,122 25, , Sorgum ,812 65, ,440, Finger millet ,327 48, , Oats/'Aja' Rice... * * * * Pulses... 61,266 6, , Faba beans ,433 2, , Field peas... * * * * Haricot beans... 13, , Cick-peas... 20,210 2, , Lentils... * * * * Grass Peas... * * * * Soya beans... * * * * Fenugreek... * * - - Gibto Oilseeds... 65,829 16, , Neug... 14,298 1, , Linseed... 11,774 * 14, * Groundnuts Safflower... * * * * Sesame... 43,777 13, , Rape seed... * * * * Vegetables ,318 1, , Lettuce... * * * * Head Cabbage Etiopian Cabbage Tomatoes... * * * * Green peppers... 4,161 * * * Red peppers , , Swiss card Root s... 5, , Beetroot Carrot Onion... 1,365 * * * Potatoes Garlic... * * * * Taro/'Godere' Sweet potatoes Fruit s... 8,792 * 4, Avocados... * * - - Bananas... * * * * Guavas... * * * * Lemons... 3,866 * * * Mangoes... * * * * Oranges... * * * * Papayas... 2,671 * * * Pineapples Cat Coffee... * * - - Hops... 20, , Sugar Cane Enset

24 Table Area, Production and Yield of s for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) Central Tigray of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain s , , ,439, Cereals , , ,177, Teff ,799 61, , Barley ,258 20, , Weat ,432 25, , Maize ,269 22, , Sorgum ,412 57, ,004, Finger millet... 83,561 13, , Oats/'Aja' Rice... * * - - Pulses ,333 15, , Faba beans ,123 6, , Field peas... 11, , Haricot beans... 16,783 * * * Cick-peas... 12,461 1, * * Lentils... 24,935 1, , Grass Peas... 12,896 * * * Soya beans... * * * * Fenugreek... 13,821 * * * Gibto Oilseeds... 36,183 3, , Neug... 10, * * Linseed... 22,212 2, , Groundnuts Safflower... * * * * Sesame... * * * * Rape seed Vegetables... 47, , Lettuce... * * * * Head Cabbage... * * * * Etiopian Cabbage... * * * * Tomatoes... 1,463 * * * Green peppers... 32, , Red peppers... 12, , Swiss card... 1,828 * * * Root s... 24, , Beetroot... * * * * Carrot... * * * * Onion... 9, , Potatoes... * * * * Garlic... 18, , Taro/'Godere' Sweet potatoes Fruit s... 11, Avocados Bananas... * * * * Guavas... 5, Lemons... * * * * Mangoes Oranges... 3,128 * * * Papayas... 2,527 * * * Pineapples Cat Coffee... * * - - Hops... 32,927 * * * Sugar Cane Enset

25 Table Area, Production and Yield of s for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) East Tigray **** of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain s ,673 89, ,466, Cereals ,116 79, ,289, Teff... 44,098 7, , Barley ,981 30, , Weat ,999 28, , Maize... 60,385 3, , Sorgum... 27,864 4, , Finger millet... 28,940 4, , Oats/'Aja' Rice... * * - - Pulses... 83,660 9, , Faba beans ,595 2, , Field peas... 24,116 1, , Haricot beans... * * * * Cick-peas... 6,751 1, , Lentils... 8, , Grass Peas... 20,375 3, , Soya beans Fenugreek... 13, Gibto Oilseeds... 20,592 1, , Neug Linseed... 19,734 1, , Groundnuts Safflower... * * * * Sesame Rape seed... * * * * Vegetables... 18, , Lettuce... 1,315 * * * Head Cabbage... 2,364 * * * Etiopian Cabbage... 4, Tomatoes... 5,990 * * * Green peppers... 5,704 * * * Red peppers... * * * * Swiss card... 2, Root s... 24, , Beetroot Carrot... * * * * Onion... 19, , Potatoes... 7,339 * * * Garlic... 6, , Taro/'Godere' Sweet potatoes Fruit s... 11, Avocados... * * - - Bananas... * * * * Guavas... 8,390 * * * Lemons... * * * * Mangoes... * * * * Oranges... 4,307 * * * Papayas... * * * * Pineapples Cat Coffee... 2,732 * - - Hops... 49, , Sugar Cane Enset

26 Table Area, Production and Yield of s for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) Sout Tigray of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain s , , ,741, Cereals , , ,428, Teff ,281 42, , Barley ,752 46, , Weat ,404 51, ,023, Maize... 94,999 7, , Sorgum... 96,251 43, , Finger millet... 5, * * Oats/'Aja'... * * * * Rice... * * - - Pulses... 94,149 17, , Faba beans ,695 3, , Field peas... 15,116 2, , Haricot beans... * * * * Cick-peas... 8,120 1, , Lentils... 29,816 4, , Grass Peas... 21,946 4, , Soya beans Fenugreek... 24, , Gibto Oilseeds... 29,939 4, , Neug... * * * * Linseed... 24,973 3, , Groundnuts... * * * * Safflower... * * * * Sesame... * * * * Rape seed Vegetables... 28, , Lettuce... * * * * Head Cabbage... 7,326 * * * Etiopian Cabbage... 1,837 * * * Tomatoes... 6,066 * * * Green peppers... 6,913 * * * Red peppers... 9, , Swiss card... 2,528 * * * Root s... 53,783 1, , Beetroot Carrot... * * * * Onion... 18,882 * * * Potatoes... 22,528 * * * Garlic... 24, , Taro/'Godere' Sweet potatoes Fruit s... 15, * Avocados... * * - - Bananas... * * * * Guavas... 5,933 * * * Lemons... * * * * Mangoes... 1,384 * * * Oranges... * * * * Papayas... 5,010 * * * Pineapples Cat... * * - - Coffee... 7,540 * - - Hops... 33, , Sugar Cane... * * - - Enset... * *