Assessment by: Martin Carr

Transcription

1 CARRS OF SHEFFIELD (MANUFACTURING) LIMITED ASSESSMENT OF WORK ACTIVITY Date of Assessment: October 2008 Update May 2009 Assessment by: Martin Carr Responsible Manager: Various Work Activity: Domestic & Garden Work General Description of Activity: Cleaning, Ground Work, Domestic Work, Driving Duration: 40 Hours/week Numbers Exposed: 2-5 People Jobs: Hazards; Comments; 1. Car cleaning 2. Driving Cars, Quad Bike 3. Chain Saw Use 4. Strimmer 5. General Garden Equipment 6. Domestic Cleaning 7. Light bulb changing 8. Use of ladders 9. Use of portable scaffolding a. Slips trips & Falls b. Cleaning products dermatitis c. Manual handling d. Back & Upper Limb Injuries e. Working from heights f. Driving cars on public roads see Driving Assessment g. Using ATV Quad Bikes see HSE Guidance h. For general use of Chainsaws, Snedding, tree felling, Petrol Driven Chainsaws i. Vibration from tools j. Contact with moving parts of strimmers, movers and similar garden equipment k. Electric shock l. Falls from Ladders & Step Ladders Assessment of Control All PPE: Suitable protective footwear should be worn when using garden machinery. The precautions given in the links above should be followed when using the chain saw. When operating the ATV Quad bike note the comments in the above links, in particular head protection and foot wear. In summary for PPE: Given that the chainsaw is used on a non-regular basis then gaters and boots meeting EN345-1 will be suitable, a helmet with inbuilt visor & hearing protection should also be worn. A motor cycle type helmet should be worn when using the quad bike. First Aid: There are currently two people employed at this site and it is difficult to have a trained first aider on-site all the time. While it may be possible to have one of them trained as so, it would not be possible to have the other one. Given that then you would have the situation where the first aider becomes the person needing first aid it is just not a viable position. That being said they are appointed people and have a fully stocked first aid kit. There are very few employees there, with a good accident record & in easy reach of ambulance services. While this assessment was done for Whirlow house, grass cutting is now done at Troy House. The risks as as before, except there is access to first aiders at Troy House. Manual handling: Refer to other detailed assessment.

2 ATV quad bikes 701

3 Introduction This leaflet covers the safe working practices to be adopted when using a sit-astride all-terrain vehicle (ATV), often known as an ATV quad bike. These are most commonly four-, but can be three- or even six-, wheeled vehicles designed for off-road use. See AFAG leaflet 702 All-terrain vehicles for advice on other types of ATV. This leaflet does not cover the additional safety requirements when applying pesticides or operating powered ancillary equipment from ATVs and is not a substitute for proper training. You can use this leaflet, along with the manufacturer s handbook, as part of the risk assessment process to help identify the controls to put in place when using ATVs. You must also assess the effect of the site and the weather as well as following this guidance. All operators must have had appropriate training in how to operate the machine and how to carry out the tasks required (see AFAG leaflet 805 Training and certification). 1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) Use the following PPE: Suitable head protection must be worn, eg a motorcycle helmet which meets BS 6658 or UN ECE regulation 22.05, or an ATV helmet/other head protection which meets BS EN Eye protection (a visor or safety glasses to EN 166), against flying insects, dust or branches. Protective boots with good grip and ankle support (complying with EN 345-1), when loading or unloading the ATV. Gloves, for loading and unloading. Non-snag outer clothing. The use of high-visibility clothing may also be appropriate. 2 Carry a personal first-aid kit including a large wound dressing (see HSE leaflet INDG214 First aid at work: Your questions answered). General 3 Do not carry passengers on an ATV unless it has been designed for, and is suitable for, that purpose. Never carry passengers in a trailer behind an ATV. 4 ATV capabilities and responses vary. If an ATV is changed the operator may require additional training. 5 The manufacturer s recommendations for operation and maintenance must be followed at all times. Pre-start checks 6 7 Check the brake operation - footbrakes and handbrakes. Check the tyre condition, for wear and visible damage.

4 8 Check the tyre pressures, using a pressure gauge capable of reading low pressures accurately (1 psi difference can cause control problems). 9 Check the steering, for smooth and positive operation. 10 Check the throttle, for smooth operation in all steering positions. 11 Check the security of the wheel nuts. 12 Check the security of the seat, carriers and loads. 13 Check all lights including warning lights. 14 Check the clutch (if manual), for smooth and positive operation. 15 Check you have enough fuel for the planned journey. Emergency procedures 16 Ensure that a designated and responsible person knows the daily work programme and suitable emergency contact procedures. Where possible use a mobile phone or radio and a pre-arranged call-in system. 17 Ensure the operators can provide the emergency services with enough detail for them to be found if there is an accident, eg the grid reference, the distance from the main road, the type of access (suitable for car/four-wheel drive/emergency service vehicles). Know the location details before they are needed in an emergency. (Also see AFAG leaflet 802 Emergency planning.) Starting and stopping 18 Do not run the engine for long periods when parked in enclosed spaces. 19 Sit astride the ATV when starting the engine. (On certain models with a pull start this may not be possible.) 20 Ensure the gearbox is in neutral when starting. 21 Always park the ATV in a suitable position with the parking brake applied. Route planning 22 Plan your route to avoid severe slopes and unstable ground conditions. 23 Always survey deep vegetation to identify hidden obstructions. 24 Plan regular routes to avoid rocks, stumps, drainage ditches and steep slopes. Drainage ditches should be piped or bridged on regular routes. Thatch soft spots where necessary. Luminous marker posts may be used on permanent routes to help the operator in poor weather or poor light. Remove the lower branches of trees on regular routes.

5 Driving 25 Drive with due care and attention at all times and be aware of other forest users. 26 Only select and use routes that are within the capabilities of the ATV and the operator. 27 Drive with feet on the footrests at all times. 28 Do not ride the gear change lever as this can put the gearbox into neutral. 29 Use speeds appropriate to the terrain and tasks. 30 Position the body to increase stability on slopes. 31 Avoid changing gear on slopes. Select a suitable low gear before negotiating the slope or obstacle. 32 Be aware that: front wheel brakes are either omitted on some ATVs, or may have reduced efficiency when rolling back; on four-wheel-drive machines, using any brake will operate both front and rear wheels; some ATVs have hydrostatic drives with no engine braking at zero revs, therefore maintain slight revs on downhill travel. 33 On ATVs without a differential, the driving technique used should allow for the difference between inside and outside wheel speeds during turns: at slow speeds, shift body weight to the footrest on the outside of the turn while leaning the upper body into the turn; at faster speeds, shift body weight to the inside footrest while leaning the upper body into the turn. 34 On paved surfaces, increased grip may prevent wheel slip on inside wheels and reduce turning efficiency - a sudden change in traction may cause a change in direction. 35 Sharp or quick application of the throttle in a low gear may cause the ATV to overturn backwards, especially when travelling up slopes. 36 If travelling behind another ATV/vehicle, ensure adequate separation to permit safe braking and to avoid any dust, spray or stones that may be thrown up. Driving on difficult terrain 37 Only drive within the limits of visibility. 38 Maintain an even throttle while negotiating slopes. 39 Avoid side slopes and difficult obstacles by route planning. 40 Where side slopes are unavoidable lean and steer slightly uphill.

6 41 To ascend slopes: select the appropriate low gear at the foot of the slope; keep your weight as far forward as possible (lean over the handlebars); align the ATV directly uphill; be competent in techniques to recover from a failed hill climb. 42 To descend slopes: select the appropriate low gear at the top of the slope and use engine braking (if available); keep your weight as far back on the seat as possible; align the machine directly downhill; if needed, use only back brakes (be aware that on four-wheeldrive machines, operating the rear brake may also have a braking effect on the front wheels); be aware of the danger of brakes locking causing a skid; correct skids by releasing the brake and straightening the ATV; very steep slopes need a run-out area at the bottom. 43 It is not possible to set a maximum safe slope. The ability to negotiate a slope safely will vary with: the competence of the operator; the type of ATV being used (eg two- or four-wheel drive); the load weight and distribution, including mounted or trailed equipment; the tyre type, condition and pressure; the ground conditions, including soil type, evenness and vegetation; the weather conditions - dry, wet, frosty etc. 44 In wet and boggy areas: do not ford water deeper than 250 mm; dismount from the upstream side of a stalled ATV; test brakes after driving through water; be competent in debogging techniques. Carrying loads 45 The operator needs to know: the manufacturer s recommended carrying limits; the maximum front and rear load capacity;

7 the maximum ATV load; how front and rear loads will affect stability. 46 Loads must be properly secured and distributed to allow for difficult terrain. 47 Heavy loads on the rear carrier must be counterbalanced using ballast on the front carrier. Trailed loads 48 When selecting trailed equipment look for: overrun brakes; a swivel hitch drawbar; bead lock rims on wheels; a low centre of gravity and a wide wheel track; a long drawbar; attachment points for securing the load. 49 The operator must know: the maximum tow weight (trailer + load); the maximum tongue weight (weight on hitch point); the maximum combined tongue and rear carrier weight. 50 Attach all loads only to the towing hitch and no other part of the ATV. 51 Be aware that: it is very difficult to unhitch a loaded trailer on a slope; turning may be restricted when towing a trailer; turning across slopes should be avoided. 52 When pushing an ATV/trailer combination no person should stand between the ATV and the trailer. Transporting ATVs 53 Before loading an ATV onto a transport trailer, check the trailer load capacity, lights, brakes etc. 54 After loading, ensure the ATV is securely restrained. Do not rely on the ATV brakes to prevent movement on the trailer. Road use 55 For use on roads, ATV quad bikes need to comply with the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 and the Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations They also need to be suitably insured and meet any vehicle excise duty requirements.

8 Notes

9 Further reading All-terrain vehicles Emergency planning Training and certification First aid at work: Your questions answered Managing health and safety in forestry AFAG702 AFAG802 AFAG805 INDG214 INDG294 These publications are available from HSE Books - see Further information. Notes Name: Checklist verified by: Date: Further information HSE priced and free publications are available by mail order from HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA Tel: Fax: Website: (HSE priced publications are also available from bookshops and free leaflets can be downloaded from HSE s website: For information about health and safety ring HSE s Infoline Tel: Fax: Textphone: hse.infoline@natbrit.com or write to HSE Information Services, Caerphilly Business Park, Caerphilly CF83 3GG. This leaflet contains notes on good practice which are not compulsory but which you may find helpful in considering what you need to do. This leaflet is available in priced packs of 15 from HSE Books, ISBN Single free copies are also available from HSE Books. Crown copyright This publication may be freely reproduced, except for advertising, endorsement or commercial purposes. First published 04/03. Please acknowledge the source as HSE. AFAG701 Reprinted 08/06 C40 Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive

10 Health and Safety Executive Chainsaws at work Health and Safety Executive Introduction Chainsaws at work This leaflet gives advice on using portable, hand-held, petrol-engine chainsaws at work. It is aimed at employers, the self-employed and those who control the use of work equipment and includes basic information on safe working practices which operators should follow. It will help you comply with your duties under health and safety law, but is not intended as a substitute for proper instruction and training (including training of managers and supervisors to identify whether good practice is being followed). When you assess the risks from working with chainsaws, it can be very valuable to talk to your employees about how they do their work. Use trade union or other employee safety representatives to help you. Employers should remember they may be responsible for the health and safety of someone who is self-employed for tax and National Insurance purposes but who works under their control and direction. Fitness to operate a chainsaw To use a chainsaw safely, the operator needs to be reasonably fit, both physically and mentally. People with disabilities need not necessarily be excluded from work with chainsaws, however, medical advice may restrict the tasks they can do and require increased supervision. Although it is not a legal requirement, it is recommended that employers undertake pre-employment screening when selecting chainsaw operators. Seek further medical advice if prospective operators have any condition affecting: mobility (eg arthritis, stroke); alertness (eg diabetes or alcohol/drug dependency); physical strength (eg heart conditions); vision (which cannot be corrected by glasses or contact lenses); manual dexterity/grip strength (eg vibration white finger); balance (eg vertigo or giddiness). Operators should inform their employers when they are taking prescribed medication. Check with the operator s medical practitioner if the medication can affect a person s ability to operate a chainsaw safely. 1 of 11 pages

11 Health and Safety Executive Chainsaws and young people Chainsaws should not be operated by anyone under minimum school leaving age (MSLA), which is on, or near the age of 16 years, depending on when the last day of the school year falls. Employers of young people (ie above MSLA but under 18 years old) will need to ensure: they have the physical capacity to operate the chainsaw safely; particular account is taken of their inexperience, immaturity and lack of awareness of relevant risks; they are supervised by a person competent in the use of a chainsaw for the work being done by the trainee and who, where appropriate, holds the relevant competence certificate or award. Health risks Chainsaws expose operators to high levels of noise and hand-arm vibration which can lead to hearing loss and conditions such as vibration white finger. These risks can be controlled by good management practice including: purchasing policies for low-noise/low-vibration chainsaws (eg with anti-vibration mounts and heated handles); providing suitable hearing protection; proper maintenance schedules for chainsaws and protective equipment; giving information and training to operators on the health risks associated with chainsaws and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) etc. Encourage existing chainsaw operators to report any signs or symptoms which may affect their ability to use a chainsaw safely or may indicate adverse health effects from noise and/or vibration. Employers are required to carry out health surveillance of their employees where noise or hand-arm vibration exposure cannot be reduced to safe levels. See Further reading for more information. 1,2,3,4,5 Training and competence All chainsaw use Chainsaws are potentially dangerous machines which can cause major injury if used by untrained people. Anyone who uses a chainsaw at work should have received adequate training and be competent in using a chainsaw for that type of work. The training should include: dangers arising from the chainsaw itself; dangers arising from the task for which the chainsaw is to be used; and the precautions to control these dangers, including relevant legal requirements. Chainsaws at work 2 of 11 pages

12 Health and Safety Executive Use of chainsaws in tree work The Approved Code of Practice supporting regulation 9 of the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER 98) 6 sets a minimum standard for competence of people using chainsaws in tree work: All workers who use a chainsaw should be competent to do so. Before using a chainsaw to carry out work on or in a tree, a worker should have received appropriate training and obtained a relevant certificate of competence or national competence award, unless they are undergoing such training and are adequately supervised. However, in the agricultural sector, this requirement only applies to first-time users of a chainsaw. This means everyone working with chainsaws on or in trees should hold such a certificate or award unless: it is being done as part of agricultural operations (eg hedging, clearing fallen branches, pruning trees to maintain clearance for machines); and the work is being done by the occupier or their employees; and they have used a chainsaw before 5 December In any case, operators using chainsaws for any task in agriculture or any other industry must be competent under PUWER 98. See AFAG leaflet 805 for guidance on the level of training and certification appropriate for tree work. 7 Training provision Training should be carried out by specialist instructors at organised training courses. Advice on suitable training courses (and competence assessment where appropriate) is available from your industry Sector Skills Council and sources listed under Further advice. Where training is being consolidated through workplace-based experience, the trainee should be supervised by a person competent in the use of a chainsaw for the work being done by the trainee and who holds the relevant competence certificate or award. It is recommended that all chainsaw operators have regular refresher/update training to ensure they work to industry best practice and maintain their levels of competence. The suggested intervals for such training are: occasional users every two to three years; full-time users every five years. Supervision of trainees at training courses and training at work Instructors need to organise training to maintain a suitable ratio of trainees to instructors. Factors to be considered include: the level of experience of trainees; the content of the training; the location/terrain where the training is being carried out. Chainsaws at work 3 of 11 pages

13 Health and Safety Executive See Table 1 for a general guide to the ratio of trainees to instructors. Where trainees are deemed to be safe and competent but need to consolidate their competence through workplace-based experience before undergoing external assessment, a suitable record of training must be kept. During this consolidation period, the trainee still needs to be supervised (see Table 1). Organised training course Supervision of consolidation of training at work Overall ratio 1:4 1:2 During initial practical operation Once trainee can work safely 1:1 1:1 Degree of supervision may be reduced for individual trainees, to a maximum of 1:4, so long as the instructor continues to supervise on a full-time basis May return to 1:2 once trainee(s) have reached a satisfactory level of competence. The supervisor may then also carry out work in the vicinity Table 1 Recommendations for the ratio of trainees to instructors Selecting a chainsaw There are two basic designs of chainsaw rear-handled and top-handled. 8,9 Rear-handled chainsaws These have the rear handle projecting from the back of the saw. They are designed to always be gripped with both hands, with the right hand on the rear handle. Select chainsaws which will be suitable for the intended work. It may be necessary to have a range of saws with different guide bar lengths available. As a general rule, choose a chainsaw with the shortest guide bar suitable for the work. Training in how to use chainsaws will identify the type and size of saw most suited to a range of operations. Top-handled chainsaws These saws have the rear handle over the top of the engine. They are only suitable for use off the ground by trained competent arborists. They are not designed for use on the ground or as a substitute for small, rear-handled chainsaws. combined chain brake and front hand guard hand/eye/ear defender symbols guide bar (a cover should be fitted when transporting) exhaust (directed away from the operator) on/off switch throttle trigger lockout chain with lowkickback characteristics chain catcher anti-vibration mounts rear chain breakage guard Chainsaws at work 4 of 11 pages

14 Health and Safety Executive Maintaining a chainsaw Proper maintenance is essential for safe use and protection against ill health from excessive noise and vibration. The saw must be maintained in its manufactured condition with all the safety devices in efficient working order and all guards in place. It should be regularly serviced by someone who is competent to do the job. Operators need to be trained in the correct chain-sharpening techniques and chain and guide bar maintenance to keep the saw in safe working condition. Operators should report any damage or excessive wear from daily checks on the following: on/off switch; chain brake; chain catcher; silencer; guide bar, drive sprocket and chain links; side plate, front and rear hand guards; anti-vibration mounts; starting cord for correct tension. Personal protective equipment Suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) should always be worn, no matter how small the job. European standards for chainsaw PPE are published as part of EN 381 Protective clothing for users of hand-held chainsaws. Protective clothing complying with this standard should provide a consistent level of resistance to chainsaw cut-through. Other clothing worn with the PPE should be close fitting and non-snagging. NB No protective equipment can ensure 100% protection against cutting by a hand-held chainsaw. Safety helmet to EN 397. (Arborists working from a rope and harness may use a suitably adapted rock-climbing helmet.) Hearing protection to EN Eye protection mesh visors to EN 1731 or safety glasses to EN 166. Upper body protection* chainsaw jackets to BS EN Gloves to EN The use of appropriate gloves is recommended under most circumstances. The type of glove will depend on a risk assessment of the task and the machine. Consider the need for protection from cuts from the chainsaw, thorny material and cold/wet conditions. Leg protection to EN (All-round protection is recommended for arborists working in trees and occasional users such as those working in agriculture.) Chainsaw boots to BS EN ISO 20345:2004 and bearing a shield depicting a chainsaw to show compliance with EN (For occasional users working in even ground where there is little risk of tripping or snagging on undergrowth or brash, protective gaiters conforming to EN worn in combination with steeltoe-capped safety boots.) * Chainsaw jackets can provide additional protection where operators are at increased risk (eg trainees, unavoidable use of a chainsaw above chest height). However, this needs to be weighed against increased heat stress generated by physical exertion (eg working from a rope and harness). Chainsaws at work 5 of 11 pages

15 Health and Safety Executive Lone working Avoid working alone with a chainsaw. Where this is not possible, establish procedures to raise the alarm if something goes wrong. These may include: regular contact with others using either a radio or telephone; someone regularly visiting the worksite; carrying a whistle to raise the alarm; an automatic signalling device which sends a signal at a preset time unless prevented from doing so; checks to ensure operators return to base or home at an agreed time. For more information on lone working see Further reading. 10 First aid Anyone working with chainsaws needs to understand how to control major bleeding and to deal with crush injuries, so it is recommended that operators hold an emergency first-aid certificate. In remote sites, people who have been injured may also be at risk of hypothermia. Make sure operators always carry a personal first-aid kit (incorporating a large wound dressing) with them and have reasonable access to a more comprehensive kit. 11 Working with chainsaws Fuelling and lubrication Make sure petrol containers are in good condition and clearly labelled, with securely fitting caps. Use containers which are specially designed for chainsaw fuelling and lubrication. Fit an auto-filler spout to the outlet of a petrol container to reduce the risk of spillage from over-filling. Operators should: avoid getting dirt in the fuel system (this may cause the chainsaw to be unreliable); securely replace all filler caps immediately after fuelling/oiling; wipe up any spilt petrol/oil; during starting and use, keep fuel containers well away from fires and other sources of ignition, including the saw itself (at least 4 m is recommended). Do not allow operators to use discarded engine oil as a chain lubricant it is a very poor lubricant and may cause cancer if it is in regular contact with an operator s skin. Starting the chainsaw and pre-use checks When preparing to use a chainsaw, operators should check: all nuts, screws etc are tight; the saw chain is correctly tensioned; the throttle cannot be squeezed unless the throttle lock-out is pressed; and they are wearing the correct PPE. When starting the saw, operators should maintain a safe working distance from other people and ensure the saw chain is clear of obstructions. Chainsaws at work 6 of 11 pages

16 Health and Safety Executive When starting a chainsaw with a cold engine, operators should: place the saw on level ground; secure the saw firmly, eg put a foot on the rear-handle base plate and a hand on the front handle; set the controls as recommended by the manufacturer; pull the starter cord firmly. Once the saw has started, operators should rev the throttle to warm up the engine and check: the saw chain stops moving when the engine revs return to idle; the chain brake is effective when applied at maximum revs or according to the manufacturer s specification; the engine continues to run when the saw is turned through 90 in any direction; the stop switch works correctly; lubrication to the guide bar and chain is working properly. These checks should be repeated at regular intervals throughout the day. When starting a chainsaw with a hot engine, operators may use the same method as above. Alternatively, they can grip the rear handle firmly between the knees and the front handle with their left hand, pulling the starter with their right hand. Once the saw is running, operators should apply the chain brake before moving off with the saw. Most modern chainsaws will allow hot starting with the chain brake applied. Kickback Kickback is the sudden uncontrolled upward and backward movement of the chain and guide bar towards the operator. This can happen when the saw chain at the nose of the guide bar hits an object. Kickback is responsible for a significant proportion of chainsaw accidents, many of which are to the face and parts of the upper body where it is difficult to provide protection. A properly maintained chain brake and use of lowkickback chains (safety chains) reduces the effect, but cannot entirely prevent it. Make sure operators use the saw in a way which avoids kickback by: not allowing the nose of the guide bar to accidentally come into contact with any obstruction, eg branches, logs, stumps; not over-reaching; keeping the saw below chest height; keeping the thumb of the left hand around the back of the front handle; using the appropriate chain speed for the material being cut. Using the chainsaw Whatever the job, check the worksite thoroughly to identify any potential hazards. This is particularly important when carrying out felling or demolition work. Wherever possible maintain a clear working area on the site. For any work with a chainsaw ensure: the risks from the work have been assessed and controlled; the operator is competent to do the job; the operator wears the appropriate PPE; the operator either stops the engine or applies the chain brake when not cutting with the saw. Chainsaws at work 7 of 11 pages

17 Health and Safety Executive Don t forget to include the risks from manual handling in your assessment. 12 Operators can suffer serious back injuries from handling timber incorrectly. Training in good manual handling techniques and using handling aids/tools should reduce the risk of these injuries. Tree felling using chainsaws Before felling starts on the worksite: contact the owners of any overhead power lines within a distance equal to twice the height of any tree to be felled to discuss whether the lines need to be lowered or made dead; do not start work until agreement has been reached on the precautions to be taken; check whether there are underground services such as power cables or gas pipes which could be damaged when the tree strikes the ground; if there are roads or public rights of way within a distance equal to twice the height of the tree to be felled, ensure that road users and members of the public do not enter the danger zone. You may need to arrange warning notices, diversions or traffic control. When felling a tree: check if it is affected by rot; assess what could affect the direction of fall, such as wind conditions and whether the tree is leaning, has uneven growth or branches which could foul other trees; be especially careful to check for broken crowns and branches which might fall during the operation; check both the tree to be felled and those nearby; operators may need to use aid tools such as alloy or plastic wedges, a breaking bar, a cant hook, a winch, or high-lift wedges and a sledgehammer; make sure operators have the right equipment available and the skills to use it correctly. If a tree is likely to become hung-up on another during felling, operators will need to have the knowledge and the equipment to bring the hung-up tree down safely. Dealing with leaning trees or wind-blown trees also requires special skills. Safe working practices for felling are given in HSE s AFAG leaflets 300 series (see Further reading ). Working with chainsaws off the ground Chainsaws should not be used off the ground unless the operator has been adequately trained in safe working techniques. Work off the ground involving the lifting and lowering of people or loads, including work-positioning techniques, will be subject to the requirements of the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) (see Further reading ). 13,14 Mobile elevating work platforms Always use a purpose-built platform. Ensure operators have received adequate training in the safe operation of the platform and safe use of a chainsaw from a work platform. Chainsaws at work 8 of 11 pages

18 Health and Safety Executive Work from ladders Avoid using a chainsaw from a ladder. Chainsaws require both hands to be operated safely: work on a ladder requires one hand to hold the ladder to maintain a steady working position. Work from a ladder should only be done by an arborist trained in and equipped for tree climbing. When operating from a ladder, the climber must establish an independent anchor to the tree using a rope and harness and obtain a stable and secure work position. Ropes and harnesses Using a chainsaw from a rope and harness requires special skills. This should only be done by people who have obtained the relevant competence certificate for arboricultural work. Further reading HSE publications 1 Health surveillance at work HSG61 (Second edition) HSE Books 1999 ISBN X 2 Control the risks from hand-arm vibration: Advice for employers on the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 Leaflet INDG175(rev2) HSE Books 2005 (single copy free or priced packs of 10 ISBN ) 3 Hand-arm vibration: Advice for employees Pocket card INDG296(rev1) HSE Books 2005 (single copy free or priced packs of 25 ISBN ) 4 Noise at work: Guidance for employers on the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 Leaflet INDG362(rev1) HSE Books 2005 (single copy free or priced packs of 10 ISBN ) 5 Protect your hearing or lose it! Pocket card INDG363(rev1) HSE Books 2005 (single copy free or priced packs of 25 ISBN ) 6 Safe use of work equipment. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations Approved Code of Practice and guidance L22 (Second edition) HSE Books 1998 ISBN Training and certification Leaflet AFAG805 HSE Books 2003 (single copy free or priced packs of 15 ISBN ) 8 Using petrol-driven chainsaws Leaflet AFAG301 HSE Books 2003 (single copy free or priced packs of 15 ISBN ) 9 Safe working methods with top-handled chainsaws CRR402 HSE Books 2001 ISBN (also available to view at 10 Working alone in safety: Controlling the risks of solitary work Leaflet INDG73(rev) HSE Books 1998 (single copy free or priced packs of 15 ISBN ) 11 Basic advice on first aid at work Leaflet INDG347 HSE Books 2002 (single copy free or priced packs of 20 ISBN ) Chainsaws at work 9 of 11 pages

19 Health and Safety Executive 12 Getting to grips with manual handling: A short guide Leaflet INDG143(rev2) HSE Books 2004 (single copy free or priced packs of 15 ISBN ) 13 LOLER: How the regulations apply to forestry Agriculture Information Sheet AIS29 HSE Books LOLER: How the regulations apply to arboriculture Agriculture Information Sheet AIS30(rev1) HSE Books Farm and estate forestry operations Agricultural Safety Leaflet AS15(rev) HSE Books 1996 AFAG leaflets HSE s Arboriculture and Forestry Advisory Group (AFAG) has produced a comprehensive set of leaflets on safe working practices for forestry and arboricultural operations. Single free copies of the leaflets are available by mail order from HSE Books (see Further information for details).they are also available in priced packs of 15 or can be printed direct from HSE s website at Other publications A guide to good climbing practice available from the Arboricultural Association, Ampfield House Ampfield, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 9PA Tel: Further advice Further general advice is available from the following Trade Associations: Arboricultural Association, Ampfield House, Ampfield, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 9PA Tel: ; Forestry Contracting Association Ltd, 1B Market Place, Pickering, North Yorkshire YO18 7AA Tel: Training Specific advice on training is available from colleges and from: Lantra Awards, Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth, Warwickshire CV8 2LG Tel: Fax: Competence assessment Information on competence assessment can be obtained from: Lantra Awards (see above); NPTC, Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth, Warwickshire CV8 2LG Tel: Fax: Chainsaws at work 10 of 11 pages

20 Health and Safety Executive Further information HSE priced and free publications are available by mail order from HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA Tel: Fax: Website: (HSE priced publications are also available from bookshops and free leaflets can be downloaded from HSE s website: For information about health and safety ring HSE s Infoline Tel: Fax: Textphone: hse.infoline@natbrit.com or write to HSE Information Services, Caerphilly Business Park, Caerphilly CF83 3GG. British Standards are available from BSI Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL Tel: Fax: cservices@bsi-global.com Website: This leaflet contains notes on good practice which are not compulsory but which you may find helpful in considering what you need to do. This leaflet is available in priced packs of 15 from HSE Books, ISBN Single free copies are also available from HSE Books. Crown copyright This publication may be freely reproduced, except for advertising, endorsement or commercial purposes. First published 03/06. Please acknowledge the source as HSE. Published by the Health and Safety Executive 03/06 11 of 11 pages

21 Notes Further reading Using petrol-driven chainsaws A FA G 301 Basic chainsaw felling and manual takedown A FA G 302 Chainsaw cross-cutting and manual stacking A FA G 304 Chainsaw clearance of windblow A FA G 306 Chainsaw felling of large trees A FA G 307 Top-handled chainsaws A FA G 308 Use of winches in directional felling and takedown A FA G 310 Emergency planning A FA G 802 Electricity at work: Forestry and arboriculture A FA G 804 First aid at work: Your questions answered I N D G 214 Managing health and safety in forestry I N D G 294 Chainsaws at work I N D G 317 Protect your hearing or lose it! I N D G 363 These publications are available from HSE Books - see Further information. Chainsaw s n e d d i n g Notes N a m e : Checklist verified by: D a t e : Further information HSE priced and free publications are available by mail order from HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA Tel: Fax: Website: www. h s e b o o k s. c o. u k (HSE priced publications are also available from bookshops and free leaflets can be downloaded from HSE s website: www. h s e. g o v. u k.) For information about health and safety ring HSE s Infoline Tel: Fax: hseinformationservices@natbrit.com or write to HSE Information Services, Caerphilly Business Park, Caerphilly CF83 3GG. This leaflet contains notes on good practice which are not compulsory but which you may find helpful in considering what you need to do. This leaflet is available in priced packs of 15 from HSE Books, ISBN Single free copies are also available from HSE Books. Crown copyright This publication may be freely reproduced, except for advertising, endorsement or commercial purposes. First published 04/03. Please acknowledge the source as HSE. A FA G / 03 C 250 Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive

22 Introduction This leaflet covers the safe working practices to be used when removing the branches of conifers and small hardwoods. For guidance on personal protective equipment (PPE), the machine, preparing to work, maintenance, fuelling and starting procedures see A FAG leaflet 301 Using petrol-driven chainsaws. For guidance on job organisation see A FAG leaflet 302 Basic chainsaw felling and manual t a k e d o w n. You can use this leaflet, along with the chainsaw manufacturer s handbook, as part of the risk assessment process to help identify the controls to put in place when chainsaw snedding. You must also assess the effect of the site and the weather as well as following this guidance. All operators must have had appropriate training in how to operate the machine and how to carry out the tasks required (see HSE leaflet I N D G Chainsaws at work). For specific advice on de-limbing large trees, see A FAG leaflet 307 Chainsaw felling of large trees. Preparing to sned 1 Asafe method of operation must be agreed to ensure that a safe working distance can be maintained between workers. On sites where felling is taking place, this distance should be at least two tree lengths. This distance should also be used in other situations unless the risks arising from closer working have been assessed and judged to be acceptably low. 2 Look out for dead wood, and insecure and broken branches in the crowns of adjacent trees, which may have become dislodged during felling. 3 Check for any obstructions, eg standing trees, boulders, unusual branch formations or windblown trees in the path of progress along the tree (see also paragraph 14). 4 Ensure the tree is in a stable condition before any snedding s t a r t s. Snedding 5 Always sned with the tree on your right-hand side (see Figure 1). 6 On slopes, where there is a risk of the tree rolling, work from the upper side of the stem. 7 8 Always adopt a secure and balanced stance. Do not use the chainsaw above shoulder height. 9 Use an organised sequence of snedding cuts and do not o v e r - r e a c h. Figure 1 Snedding with tree on right 1 0 Keep the saw close to the body and support the weight of the saw on the tree or right thigh. 11 Do not step forward when snedding the near side of the stem. 1 2 Keep the right foot well away from the intended path of the chain when cutting branches on the far side of the stem. 1 3 Be aware of branches and undergrowth under tension and watch out for springback. 1 4 Do not cut branches with the kickback zone on the tip of the bar and do not allow the tip of the bar to catch uncut branches, supporting logs, butt ends or other obstructions. This can cause k i c k b a c k. 1 5 Maintain a firm grip on both handles of the chainsaw until the chain stops. 1 6 Ensure the saw is in a safe position before moving branches. Figure 2 Snedding once tree has been rolled 1 7 Apply the chain brake before reaching across the guide bar. 1 8 Where the stem is supported off the ground, under-sweep the remaining branches using the top of the bar, with the saw braced against the body. Do not over-reach. 1 9 When the tree has been turned for access to the remaining branches, use the stem for protection while cutting (see Figure 2). Removal of tree top 2 0 Use only approved cross-cutting techniques (see A FAG leaflet 304 Chainsaw cross-cutting and manual stacking). 2 1 Do not over-reach when cutting off or cutting up the top of the tree. 2 2 Do not cut off the top of the tree with a sweep from the far side using the top of the guide bar.

23 Notes Further reading Using petrol-driven chainsaws A FA G 301 Basic chainsaw felling and manual takedown A FA G 302 Chainsaw snedding A FA G 303 Chainsaw cross-cutting and manual stacking A FA G 304 Chainsaw clearance of windblow A FA G 306 Top-handled chainsaws A FA G 308 Use of winches in directional felling and takedown A FA G 310 Emergency planning A FA G 802 Electricity at work: Forestry and arboriculture A FA G 804 First aid at work: Your questions answered I N D G 214 Managing health and safety in forestry I N D G 294 Chainsaws at work I N D G 317 Protect your hearing or lose it! I N D G 363 These publications are available from HSE Books - see Further information. Chainsaw felling of large trees Notes N a m e : Checklist verified by: D a t e : Further information HSE priced and free publications are available by mail order from HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA Tel: Fax: Website: www. h s e b o o k s. c o. u k (HSE priced publications are also available from bookshops and free leaflets can be downloaded from HSE s website: www. h s e. g o v. u k.) For information about health and safety ring HSE s Infoline Tel: Fax: hseinformationservices@natbrit.com or write to HSE Information Services, Caerphilly Business Park, Caerphilly CF83 3GG. This leaflet contains notes on good practice which are not compulsory but which you may find helpful in considering what you need to do. This leaflet is available in priced packs of 15 from HSE Books, ISBN Single free copies are also available from HSE Books. Crown copyright This publication may be freely reproduced, except for advertising, endorsement or commercial purposes. First published 04/03. Please acknowledge the source as HSE. A FA G / 03 C 150 Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive

24 Introduction This leaflet covers the felling and crown breakdown of large trees in plantations or of single large trees. It does not cover exceptional situations where the risk assessment shows advanced or alternative felling techniques, beyond those normally applied to large trees, are required. In such circumstances, seek specialist advice and agree safe methods of working. You can use this leaflet, along with the chainsaw manufacturer s handbook, as part of the risk assessment process to help identify the controls to put in place when felling large trees. You must also assess the effect of the site and the weather as well as following this guidance. All operators must have had appropriate training in how to operate the machine and how to carry out the tasks required (see HSE leaflet INDG317 Chainsaws at work). For guidance on personal protective equipment (PPE), the machine, preparing to work, maintenance, fuelling and starting procedures see A FAG leaflet 301 Using petrol-driven chainsaws. The basic felling principles identified in A FAG leaflet 302 Basic felling by chainsaw and manual takedown must be read and applied in conjunction with this leaflet. However, the crown spread, depth, branching habit, size and surroundings of large trees create particular risks that need knowledge and techniques beyond that for basic felling, snedding and c r o s s - c u t t i n g. Tools required Crown breakdown 6 Crown breakdown can be very dangerous and the operator must always be prepared for the tree rolling or for springback when cutting branches. 7 Ensure that the tree is kept in a stable condition during crown breakdown, if necessary by securing it with a properly anchored winch. 8 Plan the sequence of work so that an escape route is clear and available at all times. 9 Maintain a risk zone to ensure that bystanders are kept at a safe distance during the crown breakdown and until all parts of the tree are stable. 10 Never work underneath any part of the felled tree. 11 It is important to continually assess the tension in the branches, especially those supporting the main stem. 1 2 Cut away all the smaller branch wood to shoulder height, retaining the main supporting branches and the stem (see Figure 1). 1 3 Before cutting the heavier branches, clear the work area of debris so that you can stand securely. Assess any potential movement of the tree. 1 4 Where possible reduce the length of heavy branches g r a d u a l l y, rather than cutting them off at the stem. 1 5 Where branches are above shoulder height, roll the trunk under the control of the winch to bring in the remaining branches to a safe cutting height. 1 6 De-limbing flush to the trunk should be done once all branches have been removed and all the timber is in a stable position on the ground. 1 The following aid tools should be available: a sledgehammer; w e d g e s ; an appropriately rated winch. Felling 2 Ensure that no other person is within a distance equal to twice the height of the tree to be felled and never directly below on steep slopes. 3 Be aware that wood from the crown can travel a considerable distance when the tree hits the ground. Arisk zone must be e s t a b l i s h e d. 4 Where branch wood is used to cushion the impact of the falling tree, only use light material which is as long as possible. 5 The felling cuts should be proportional to the tree s diameter, size, species and the potential for decay. Figure 1 Retention of supporting branches

25 Fuelling 2 3 Petrol vapour is invisible and can travel considerable distances from spillage or fuelling sites. Maintain a safe distance from all sources of ignition at all times. 2 4 Store fuel to avoid vapour ignition from any source such as fires, people smoking or the chainsaw. Select a site shaded from direct sunlight. 2 5 Use fuel containers specifically designed for chainsaw use that incorporate a non-spill spout. The containers must be clearly labelled and have caps which fit securely. 2 6 Replace all fuel and oil caps securely. Ensure the O r i n g seals on the fuel and oil caps are in good condition. 2 7 Move a safe distance (normally at least 4 m) from the fuelling point before starting the chainsaw. Starting the saw 2 8 Chainsaws must be used with the right hand on the rear handle. The thumb of the left hand must be under the front handle. 2 9 Maintain a safe distance from other people. 3 0 Be sure the saw chain is clear of obstructions. 3 1 From cold: Put the saw on the ground. Set the controls as recommended by the manufacturer. Place one foot on the rear handle plate and the left hand on the front handle. Pull the starter cord firmly. 3 2 From hot: As from cold but without using the choke or the half throttle stop controls; or Thigh or knee start: - Grip the rear handle firmly between the knees. - Grip the front handle with the left hand. - Pull the starter cord firmly. 33 Where conditions prevent a cold start on the ground, a thigh or knee start may be used. 3 4 Check that the chain brake works correctly. Apply the chain brake when walking on site, or if the saw is not being used for short intervals (more than 15 seconds). Apply the chain brake with the back of the left wrist. Switch the saw off if it is not in use for longer periods. Further reading Basic chainsaw felling and manual takedown A FA G 302 Chainsaw snedding A FA G 303 Chainsaw cross-cutting and manual stacking A FA G 304 Chainsaw clearance of windblow A FA G 306 Chainsaw felling of large trees A FA G 307 Top-handled chainsaws A FA G 308 Use of winches in directional felling and takedown A FA G 310 Emergency planning A FA G 802 Electricity at work: Forestry and arboriculture A FA G 804 First aid at work: Your questions answered I N D G 214 Managing health and safety in forestry I N D G 294 Chainsaws at work I N D G 317 Protect your hearing or lose it! I N D G 363 These publications are available from HSE Books - see Further information. Notes N a m e : Checklist verified by: D a t e : Further information HSE priced and free publications are available by mail order from HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA Tel: Fax: Website: www. h s e b o o k s. c o. u k (HSE priced publications are also available from bookshops and free leaflets can be downloaded from HSE s website: www. h s e. g o v. u k.) For information about health and safety ring HSE s Infoline Tel: Fax: hseinformationservices@natbrit.com or write to HSE Information Services, Caerphilly Business Park, Caerphilly CF83 3GG. This leaflet contains notes on good practice which are not compulsory but which you may find helpful in considering what you need to do. This leaflet is available in priced packs of 15 from HSE Books, ISBN Single free copies are also available from HSE Books. Crown copyright This publication may be freely reproduced, except for advertising, endorsement or commercial purposes. First published 04/03. Please acknowledge the source as HSE. A FA G / 03 C 300 Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive Using petrol-driven c h a i n s a w s

26 Introduction This leaflet covers the safe working practices to be followed when using a petrol-driven chainsaw. For guidance on specific operations involving chainsaws, see A FAG leaflets Top-handled saws are not covered in this leaflet. They are only suitable for use off the ground by trained operatives and must be used in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions (see A FAG leaflet 308 Top-handled chainsaws). You can use this leaflet, along with the chainsaw manufacturer s handbook, as part of the risk assessment process to help identify the controls to put in place when using chainsaws in forestry and other tree work. You must also assess the effect of the site and the weather as well as following this guidance. All operators must have had appropriate training in how to operate the machine and how to carry out the tasks required (see HSE leaflet INDG317 Chainsaws at work). Chainsaw users should be particularly aware of the potential hazards of being cut by the saw, hit by timber and exposure to noise and v i b r a t i o n. Personal protective equipment (PPE) 1 While no PPE can provide 100% protection against cuts from chainsaws, the following should be used: Safety helmet (complying with EN 397). Eye protection (mesh visor complying with EN 1731 or safety glasses to EN 166). Hearing protection (complying with EN 352). G l o v e s* with protective guarding on the back of the left hand (complying with EN 381-7). Leg protection* incorporating chain-clogging material (complying with EN 381-5). Protective boots* with good grip and protective guarding at front vamp and instep (complying with EN 345-2). Non-snag outer clothing. The use of high-visibility clothing may also be appropriate. * The items marked with an asterisk should bear the chainsaw logo (see left) and show the chain speed to which they have been tested. 2 Each person should carry a personal first-aid kit including a large wound dressing (see HSE leaflet INDG214 First aid at work: Your questions answered). 3 Hand-cleaning material such as waterless skin cleanser or soap, water and paper towels should be readily available. 4 The machine Only use a chainsaw if: the stop switch works and is clearly marked; the front hand guard/chain brake, chain catcher and antivibration mounts are undamaged and functional; the throttle opens only when the throttle lock is depressed; it is fitted with a chain type recommended by the manufacturer and is designed to reduce kickback, which is the uncontrolled upward and/or backward motion of the guide bar. It happens when the nose of the guide bar contacts an object such as a log or branch or when the wood pinches the saw chain in the cut (see Figure 1); the exhaust system and silencer are in good order; there is a mandatory hearing protection symbol on the chainsaw. Figure 1 Kickback zone 5 Make sure you have the equipment recommended by the manufacturer to carry out sharpening, maintenance and adjustments and a chain cover for transportation. 6 Preparing to work Operators should not normally work alone. 7 Ensure that a risk assessment has been carried out and the significant findings recorded. Make sure all workers involved in any operation on the worksite are made aware of and comply with the controls identified. 8 Agree a safe method of operation for the work to be done to ensure that a safe working distance can be maintained between workers, and between workers and machinery (outside the risk zone of the machines being used). 9 Ensure that a designated and responsible person knows the daily work programme and agree with them a suitable emergency procedure. Where reasonably practicable use a two-way radio or mobile phone and a pre-arranged call-in system. 1 0 In case of emergency, be able to provide the emergency services with adequate information, eg a grid reference, the distance from the main road, the type of access (suitable for car/four-wheel drive/emergency service vehicles). In urban areas, street names are essential. Know the location details before they are needed in an emergency. (Also see A FAG leaflet 802 Emergency planning. ) 11 On all reasonably foreseeable approaches to the worksite, erect warning and prohibition signs conforming to the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996, indicating a hazardous worksite and that unauthorised access is prohibited. In areas of very high public access, a risk assessment may indicate that additional controls (eg barrier tape, barriers, extra manning) are required. Maintenance 1 2 Ensure maintenance is carried out as specified in the m a n u f a c t u r e r s handbook. 1 3 Check all external nuts, screws and fastenings are secure. 1 4 Check the chain tension by pulling the chain fully round the guide bar in the running direction. Wear gloves or use a cloth. 1 5 Check periodically throughout the day that: the on-off switch is eff e c t i v e ; the chain brake is eff e c t i v e ; the chain is stationary when the saw is idling without the chain brake applied; the chain oiling system is eff e c t i v e. 1 6 Maintain equal cutter lengths, specified cutter angles and depth gauge profiles. 1 7 Inspect the chain at each sharpening for abnormal wear patterns and damage. 1 8 Check the guide bar rails for cracks and distortion. 1 9 Check the drive sprocket periodically for excessive wear or d a m a g e. 2 0 Do not make any adjustments, other than to the carburettor, when the engine is running. 2 1 Inspect anti-vibration rubbers frequently and replace as specified in the manufacturer s handbook. 2 2 Use only recommended non-flammable cleaner. Do not use petrol to clean any part of the machine.

27 Health and Safety Executive Safe use of ladders and stepladders An employers guide Introduction 1 A third of all reported fall-from-height incidents involve ladders and stepladders on average this accounts for 14 deaths and 1200 major injuries to workers each year. Many of these injuries are caused by inappropriate or incorrect use of the equipment. This guidance is to help employers: know when to use a ladder; decide how to go about selecting the right sort of ladder for the particular job; understand how to use it; know how to look after it; and take sensible safety precautions. This is a web-friendly version of leaflet INDG402 2 HSE believes that misuse of ladders at work can be partly explained by the way they are used in the home. As with all work equipment, users need adequate information and training to be able to use ladders and stepladders safely. Adequate supervision is needed so that safe practices continue to be used. 3 This guidance does not apply to fixed ladders (on buildings, plant or vehicles), other types of fixed access (step irons etc), specialist rescue ladders used by the fire service, roof ladders, step stools, warehouse steps/mobile stairs, or temporary or permanent stairs. When is a ladder the most suitable access equipment? 4 This selection process has to take into account the hierarchy of controls: 1 firstly to avoid work at height where possible; then to prevent falls from height; and, failing that, to reduce the consequences of a fall. 5 Where work at height is necessary you need to justify whether a ladder or stepladder is the most suitable access equipment compared to other access equipment options. You do this by using risk assessment and the hierarchy of controls. 6 When considering whether it could be appropriate to use a ladder or stepladder, you need to consider the following factors. 1 of 7 pages