FAO: Agriculture and peatlands climate change mitigation - Aiming to reduce GHG emissions and improve livelihoods

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1 FAO: Agriculture and peatlands climate change mitigation - Aiming to reduce GHG emissions and improve livelihoods IUCN Conference 2013 Session: Taking action to deliver peatland objectives Maria Nuutinen, Armine Avagyan, Riccardo Biancalani & Francesco Tubiello MICCA - Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture Programme, FAO fao.org

2 FAO s mandate: Achieve food security and nutrition in a sustainable manner Target: Guidance for emission reductions from peatlands in agricultural use Global Initiative since 2011 What we are doing? What could be done? Key issues Boy running from peat fire, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Photo: Alue Dohong

3 The unworkable gears of drained peatland utilization Picture source: Joosten, et al.2013

4 Emissions from agriculture, 2010 (all gases - CO 2 eq) Source:

5 Emissions from cultivated organic soils: CO 2 eq (2010) Source:

6 Emissions from cultivated organic soils: CO 2 eq (2010) Source:

7 How to tackle the issue of livelihoods alongside climate change mitigation?

8 Key elements of strategic action 1. Keep wet peatlands wet 2. Rewet drained peatlands 3. Adapt management where peatlands cannot be rewetted Photo: Armine Avagyan Remembering social safeguards and options for livelihoods

9 ... last 7 elements strategic actions 4. Mapping: Know where peatlands are and their state 5. Emissions: Know how much peatlands emit and MRV 6. Target resources to peatlands 7. Develop finance mechanisms: UNFCCC, private Support local communities for developing alternative livelihoods 9. Peatland products: take GHGs into account in certification, policies 10. Country cooperation: Knowledge sharing and capacity development

10 Work under development 1 - Wet management for livelihoods Restoration through rewetting Wet use = Paludiculture Grazing: Restoring degraded pastures Managed grazing growing feed Prospecting opportunities for: Aquaculture and inland fishery Cropping some experience Plantations Forestry Photos: Bambang Setiadi

11 Work under development 2 - Adaptive management options when an area cannot be conserved or rewetted Minimize drainage Choose crops adapted to high soil moisture Avoid plowing Cultivate permanent crops Avoid land clearing by fire Limit fertilization Source: Joosten et al.2013 Manage grazing: Limit heard sizes and trampling

12 Climate finance options for peatland activities Current and operational Developing/non-Annex I Industrialized/Annex I countries REDD+ capacity building and planning Voluntary market Current CDM Accounting under the Kyoto Protocol (Art 3.4) Voluntary market For the EU, various policy frameworks such as the EU Water Framework Directive and the EU LIFE-Programme Modified after O Sullivan, et al. 2013

13 Possible financial option: Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) for peatland rehabilitation and livelihoods Identify the mitigation potential. Connect to development goals. Support countries in planning NAMAs for peatlands. Funding from multiple sources GEF private agricultural investments Identify Support Develop

14 FAO actions for mitigation Produces tools for technical support Supports climate change mitigation actions and GHG assessments Workshop in Indonesia Policy advice, focus: UNFCCC context Publications, side events, submissions Finance options NAMA Partnering, networks for greater impact

15 Upcoming technical guidebook Towards responsible peatlands management practices Focus: Peatlands mapping, climate change mitigation and improved livelihoods. Manual will incorporate: State of the art of global peatlands mapping Environmental and socio-economic benefits Description of management practices and hazard management Illustrative case studies Intended audience: Land managers at operational level and policy makers

16 Key message: Contribute to developing responsible peatland management for improved livelihoods; enhanced ecosystem services; and reduced GHG emissions.

17 Thank you for your attention