Pests and Problems of Landscape Trees
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- Laurel Cobb
- 5 years ago
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Transcription
1 Pests and Problems of Landscape Trees
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20 Woody Ornamental Insect, Mite and Disease Management AGRS
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22 Managing Emerald Ash Borer A Cooperative Effort
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29 D-shaped Exit Hole
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33 Michael Bohne, Bugwood.org Anoplophora glabripennis (Family: Cerambycidae) Longhorned Beetle due to the long antennae Native to China, Mongolia, and Korea also found in Japan
34 ALB is a wood boring beetle. Tunneling by beetle larvae girdles tree stems and branches, cutting off the flow of nutrients. Repeated attacks lead to dieback at the top of the tree and eventually tree death. ALB is an nonnative invasive pest of national concern. Dennis Haugen, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
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36 ALB Disrupts Forests ALB attacks many different kinds of trees and can decimate urban and natural forest environments. Maples, only one group of hosts for the ALB, make up 26% of all trees in naturalized areas of PA. If ALB became established in our
37 Prefers maple Norway, boxelder, red, silver, and sugar maples Other preferred hosts birches, elms, Ohio buckeye, horsechestnut, and willow Occasional hosts poplars, mimosa, ash, London planetree, European mountain ash Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Steven Katovich, USDA FS, Bugwood.org Richard Webb, Self-employed horticulurist, Joseph O'Brien, USDA FS, Bugwood.org Bugwood.org Bill Cook, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org
38 Insect Frass - coarse sawdust often accumulates at the base of infested parts of the tree. PA DCNR - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org Exit Holes - the presence of round adult emergence holes in the tree. PA DCNR - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Michael Bohne, USDA FS E. Richard Hoebeke, Cornell University, Bugwood.org
39 ALB Beetles - the presence of adult beetles. Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org PA DCNR - Forestry Archive Individuals are ¾ to 1½ inches long with antennae 1½ to 2½ times the body length. Females are typically larger than males. Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org
40 If you are unsure if you are seeing an Asian longhorned beetle or a look-alike,
41 Ceratosystis fagacearum Fungus that invades the vascular system of oaks West of Susquehanna River in Pa. Red Oak group highly susceptible Red, Pin, Scarlet, Shumard, Black White Oak group less susceptible Chestnuts and chinquapins also susceptible
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43 Oak Wilt Symptoms Leaves at top turn brown at margins first Fall when still some green on leaf Progresses down tree Twigs and branches die Brown streaks in outer sapwood Fungal Mat develops under bark Susceptible trees die within weeks Others may decline over years
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48 Spread Root grafts Between adjacent trees Sap feeding insects Believed to move only short distance Attracted to wounds for feeding Fungus requires wound to infect Movement of firewood Can be transported long distances
49 Management Positive diagnosis first Trench between adjacent trees to break any root grafts Then remove tree Burn or debark all branches and logs Prune between November and April 15 If less than 30% of top infected Can treat inject with Alamo every 2 years.
50 Verticillium of Woody Plants Soil borne fungus Infects through wounds in roots and trunk Plugs water conducting vessels Xylem.
51 Symptoms of Verticillium General decline small leaves poor growth Foliage my wilt on one side or one branch Entire tree may die in year or two Or it may recover.
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56 Verticillium Management Get positive ID! Hope for the best Do not replant site with susceptible species Resistance: Conifers Birch Katsura Hornbeam Dogwood Mt. Ash Crab apple Sweet Gum Honeylocust Sycamore Willow
57 Hazard Trees: Wood rotting fungi Fruiting bodies on trunk May be dieback in top of tree Tree may fall On what?????
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62 Anthracnose Affects many trees Usually not life threatening Except dogwood Favored by cool at leaf emergence Even if weather is dry If temperatures average > 60F at bud break - No disease Overwinters in twigs and branch cankers
63 Anthracnose management Sanitation Fungicide sprays necessary??? Injection with arbotect on sycamores Must be at bud break And repeated every 7 14 days until weather warms Mancozeb Chlorothalonil Propiconazole Thiophanate Methyl
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72 Hemlock Wooly Adlegid Welcome to W. Pa. Asian pest introduced into Long Island in the 50 s Working west Can weaken and kill native hemlocks Eastern Carolina
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74 Hemlock Wooly Adelgid Dennis Souto, USDA Forest Service
75 Robert Anderson USDA Forest Serv.
76 Dennis Souto USDA Forest Serv.
77 Life Cycle Overwintering females lay eggs late winter/early spring in cottony masses Eggs hatch April to June Newly hatched reddish brown crawlers feed and grow Feed at base of needles on plant fluids Mature by late September and overwinter as mature females
78 Robert Anderson USDA Forest Service
79 Hemlock Wooly Adelgid Control Late September through October best timing to kill overwintering females Deltaguard, Horticultural Oil, Merit, Insecticidal Soap Dormant Horticultural Oil Mid Late June apps to reduce nymphs Early spring soil injections of imidicloprid Need adequate moisture in soil
80 Dennis Souto USDA Forest Service
81 longate Hemlock cale ric Day, VPI
82 Elongate Hemlock Scale Control Crawler Sprays Late May to Early June Orthene Sevin Tempo Deltaguard Horticultural Oil Insecticidal Soap
83 Hemlock Rust Mite Damage
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85 Hemlock Rust Mite Cool season eriophyid mite very tiny Damage in spring and fall Late March through April Horticultural Oil Insecticidal Soap Avid Sevin Mavrik
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89 Spruce Spider Mite Controls Cool Season Spider Mite overwinters as eggs Populations High in May June and Sept. - Oct. Dormant Horticultural Oil Horticultural Oil Insecticidal Soap Talstar Floramite Hexygon Deltaguard Kelthane Mesurol Ornamite
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94 Discoveries of Viburnum Leaf Beetle
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97 Viburnum Leaf Beetle Native to Europe Hosts: European Cranberry Bush Viburnum (opulus) American Cranberry Bush Viburnum (trilobum) Arrowood Viburnum (dentatum) Mapleleaf Viburnum (acerfolium) Nannyberry Viburnum (lentago) Sargent Viburnum (sargentii) Wayfaringtree Viburnum (lantana)
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100 VLB Life Cycle Overwinters as eggs on twigs Hatch in May Larvae feed into June Pupate in ground Mid to Late June Adults emerge in mid late July Lay eggs on twigs one generation/year
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102 Management Insecticides for larvae in spring - May Prune out twigs containing many eggs Plant resistant viburnums V. x burkwoodii V. carlesii V. x juddii V x carlcephalum V. plicatum others
103 Viburnum Leaf Beetle Controls for Four Lined Plant Bug? bifenthrin (Talstar, Onyx) carbaryl, cyfluthrin deltamethrin (5SC only) insecticidal soap? lambda-cyhalothrin permethrin (Astro Insecticide only),
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106 Bagworm Life Cycle Overwinter as eggs in cases of female Hatch in late May Early June Can balloon to other trees in first instar Feed for 8 10 weeks Pupate for 4 weeks Adult males emerge in Sept./early Oct. Mate females in her case Females lay eggs in case
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111 Bagworm control Many labeled insecticides acephate, Bt, Closure, Talstar, Sevin, Tempo, Deltaguard, Mavrik, etc. Early to Late June
112 White Pine Weevil Most destructive insect pest of white pine Also attacks: Blue Spruce Norway Spruce Scots Pine Austrian Pine Red Pine Jack Pine Douglas Fir (occasionally) Kills terminal
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116 White Pine Weevil Management Watch trees carefully for resin droplets in terminals feeding of overwintered adults Spray terminals at first sign of feeding Residual insecticide bifenthrin, permethrin Three weeks later Remove and burn infested terminals in early July With larvae still inside
117 Lacebugs Feed on many plants Especially Ericaceous plants But many deciduous trees and shrubs also Underside of leaves May to September Piercing sucking mouthparts Remove chlorophyll - color
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123 Lacebug Management Site ericaceous plants properly Chemical treatments as needed Sprays Many labeled products including soap May and repeat as needed Must cover underside of leaves Root treatments early spring Imidicloprid beneath mulch Merit 2.5G Bayer Advanced