Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions are of equal marks.

Transcription

1 Attempt any FOUR questions. All questions are of equal marks. Regular 2069 Magh/Falgun 1. (a) A forester standing 30m away from the base of a 5 inward leaned Oak tree on regular slope observed with Abney s level on the top of the tree and top of the staff (located at the base of the tree) and found 10 an 65 as angle of depression respectively. If the height of the staff is equal to the eye height of the forester, i.e. 1.5m. Calculate the height of the Oak tree. (5) (b) How the error due to lean of the tree can be reduced in the measurement of height of the tree? (2) (c) How are the no. of sample plots allocated in stratified random sampling? (3) 2. (a) The volume of a log by Newton s formula is 6.67m 3. The diameter at the thick end and thin end are 78cm and 41cm respectively. If the length of log is 16m. Calculate the diameter of log at the middle. (3) (b) What is form factor? What are its uses? (2) (c) What are the different criteria of selecting best model from the available models to prepare volume table by regression method? (5) 3. (a) What is simple random sampling? In which condition is simple random sampling used? (1+1) (b) What is point sampling? In a forest, 5 sampling points were established and viewed through the wedge prism having basal area factor 10m 2 per ha. If 12 trees were fully tallied while viewing with the wedge prism, find out the basal area per ha in that forest. (1+3) (c) Briefly describe the inventory technique of any one commercially important Non Tomber Forest Product? (4) 4. (a) With the help of following given table, prepare the futures stand table by using the method of stand table projection. (5) Page 1

2 DBH (inch) Present stand (no. of stems) Expected mortality (present) Expected survival (no. of stem) years DBH growth (inch) (b) Describe about the different types of aerial photographs. (3) (c) Briefly describe the basic elements of stand growth. (2) 5. (a) Briefly describe the growth & yield in case of uneven aged stand with diagram. (3) (b) Describe the method of stem analysis. (3) (c) What are the different factors that effect the diameter growth in plant? (2) (d) What is site and site quality? (2) 6. (a) Briefly describe the method of area determination from aerial photographs? (3) (b) What is the difference between normal yield table and empirical yield table? (2) (c) What is the main assumption behind the preparation & use of volume tables? (2) (d) What is biomass? List out any two biomass equations. (2) (e) What are the major points upon which the length of log depends? (1) Page 2

3 Regular (a) Differentiate between the following: i. Volume table & yield table ii. L.V.T. and G.V.T. iii. C.A.I. and M.A.I. iv. Stump analysis and stem analysis v. Form factor and form quotient (b) Describe about the line plot system of cruising. 2. (a) What do you mean by growth & yield models? List out the types of growth & yield models. Write the application of growth and yield modeling. (b) What do you mean by growth and yield? Describe in brief about growth and yield of uneven aged forest. 3. (a) Describe the inventory method of non timber forest products with one example? (b) How many formula are there for log volume calculation? Explain. 4. (a) Describe about the point sampling in brief. (b) What do you mean by regression? Describe about the preparation of general volume table by regression technique. 5. (a) Write in brief about simple random sampling. (b) Describe about allocation of field plot in stratified random sampling. (a) Aerial photographs (b) Growth prediction (c) Importance of forest management Regular 2067 Magh/Falgun 1. (a) What do you mean by growth and yield? Describe in brief about growth and yield of even aged forest. (b) What do you mean by growth and yield models? List out the types of growth and yield models. Write the application of growth and yield modeling. 2. (a) Write in brief about the stratified random sampling. (b) The length of log is 40 feet and diameter at the top end and the bottom end is 40 inches and 38 inches respectively. Calculate its volume. 3. (a) Describe about similar triangle principle for height measurement. Page 3

4 (b) Describe the sources of error in height measurement. 4. (a) What is General Volume Table? How can you prepare it by regression technique? Explain. (b) In a Sal Forest number of tree tallied is 220 at 8 points. If BAF is 10, how much basal area is there in Sal forest? 5. (a) What do you mean by form factor and form quotient? Explain (b) Write in brief about CAI & MAI. (a) Importance of forest management (b) Yield table (c) Diameter growth Regular 2065 Mangsir/Poush 1. A 1.5m tall ranger standing 30m away from the base of a 7 outward-leaned Pine tree on regular slope observed with Vertex instrument on the top and bottom of such tree and found 15 and 75 as angles of depressions, respectively. What would be true total height of a pine tree? 2. What do you mean by tree form? What are the different geometrical solids that may exist in a tree-bole? How could you study tree form? Describe with suitable examples. State Metzger s theory and establish mathematical relationship between length of tree-bole and its diameter using bending equation of cantilever beam. 3. What are the implication of stump and stem analysis in forest management? When and how stem analysis is carried out? Prove mathematically that CAI intersects MAI at its culminating point. How could increment percent be known using different formulae? Describe with suitable examples. 4. What do you mean by modeling biomass of tree or stand? What criteria should be used for evaluation for predictive performance of the fitted biomass models? How could you derive LVT from General volume equation using regression techniques? Also, list out the major steps of preparing LVT using graphical method. 5. Define stand growth and yield. How site quality is assessed quantitatively? Establish the mathematical relationship between stand growth and yield using suitable equation and example. What factors have to be considered while developing individual tree growth models? (a) Horizontal point sampling (b) Photo volume table (c) Yield table Page 4

5 Regular 2064 Bhadra/Aswin 1. (a) A tree is leaning away from the observer and his/her eye is between the top and base of the tree. How can you measure the height of the tree? Explain with clear diagram? (b) What are the uses of form factor? Explain. 2. (a) Describe the strip system of cruising. (b) By interpolation from a standard volume table, how can you prepare a LVT? Explain with example. 3. (a) Explain the simple random sampling. (b) How can you allocate a field plot in proportional and optimum in stratified random sampling? 4. (a) How many types of aerial photographs are used in forest inventory? Explain. (b) How can you estimate the volume of stands by aerial photographs? Explain. 5. (a) What do you mean by growth and yield? Which factors relate them with each other? Explain. (b) A log is 48 feet long and diameter at large end and small end is 28 inches and 24 inches, respectively. Calculate its volume. (a) Stump analysis (b) Biomass table (c) Yield table Regular 2063 Kartik/Mangsir 1. (a) Explain the principles involved in height measurement. (b) How many types of tools are used for height measurement? Explain any one. 2. (a) What are the methods of computing timber volume from point sampling? (b) Describe about the systematic sampling. 3. (a) What is stand density? How can you measure it? (b) Describe about the stand structure. 4. (a) What is volume table? How can you prepare LVT by regression technique? (b) What are the different formulae for volume calculation? Explain. Page 5

6 5. (a) Describe about the line plot system of cruising. (b) How can you estimate and calculate the sample size and intensity in a given sampling area? (a) Sources of error in height measurement (b) Basal area per hectare (c) Taper table Regular 2062 Bhadra/Aswin 1. (a) Differentiate between the following: i. Top height and crop height ii. Top diameter and crop diameter iii. MAI and CAI iv. LVT and GVT v. Form factor and Form quotient (b) How can you prepare a LVT by Graphical method? Explain. 2. (a) Describe about the stratified random sampling. How can you estimate and calculate the sample size and intensity? (b) 30 feet long log s diameter at large, mid and small end is 36, 34 and 32 respectively. Calculate the volume of the log. 3. (a) What is forest mensuration and its scope in forestry sector? What do you mean by Bias, Accuracy and precision? (b) An observer is standing at a distance of 60 feet from the tree. S/he measure top angle 60, base angle 40. If his/her height is 5.5 feet, calculate the height of the tree. 4. (a) What are the rules of DBH measurement and its significance in forestry? (b) What is biomass table? Write down the biomass equations. 5. (a) What is point sampling? How does it work on forestry inventory? (b) What are the instruments which are used in point sampling? Explain. (a) Line plot system of cruising (b) Aerial photograph in Forestry (c) Stem and stump analysis Page 6

7 Regular 2060 Falgun/Chaitra 1. (a) Define the term Bias, Accuracy and precision. (b) How heights of leaning trees are measured in slope? 2. (a) What do you mean by biomass modeling and what are different biomass equations? (b) What are the difference between LVT and GVT? 3. (a) What are the scopes of sampling in forestry? (b) Discuss horizontal and vertical point sampling in forest inventory. 4. What do you mean by stand growth? How stand growth can be differentiated from yield? 5. What do you understand by growth index ratio? If you know the growth index ratio of each diameter class, how will you predict the yield of forest for few years? (a) Site quality (b) Aerial photographs in forest inventory (c) Significance of tree-height measurement Page 7