Study on the performance of hyacinth bean lines in south-western part of Bangladesh

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1 Bull. Inst. Trop. Agr., Kyushu Univ. 37: 65-70, Study on the performance of hyacinth bean lines in south-western part of Bangladesh M. F. Hossain 1), M. R. Uddin 2), N. Ara 3), M. O. Kaisar 1), M. R. Islam 4) Abstract Nine hyacinth bean genotypes HB001, HB002, HB003, HB004, HB005, HB006, HB007, HB008 and HB009 collected from the southwestern region of Bangladesh were investigated at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore during Rabi season in to find out suitable line(s) for cultivation. Leaf length (12.25 cm) and leaf breadth (11.73 cm) of the genotype HB004 were bigger than that of the other genotypes. Smaller leaf size was measured in the genotypes HB003 (7.63 cm x 7.65 cm) and HB006 (7.6 cm x 7.40 cm), respectively. Flower was produced in genotype HB003 at 48 days after planting and genotype HB004 was at 79 days after planting. The longest pod (18.56 cm) was measured from the genotypes HB008 which was statistically similar to HB009 (18.12 cm). The maximum pod breadth (3.87 cm and 3.86 cm) was recorded in the genotypes HB002 and HB003, respectively and the minimum pod breadth (2.30 cm) was observed in HB009. The highest average pod weight (25 g) was measured in the genotype HB002, while the lowest pod weight (11.33 g) was observed in genotypes HB001 which was more or less similar to HB003 and HB006 (12.33 g). The highest number of pods per plant (380) was the highest in the genotype HB004 which was statistically similar to HB005 (374) and the lowest number of pods per plant (143) was in the genotype HB002. The Genotypes HB004 and HB008 produced 6 seeds per pod which was higher than the other genotypes. The highest yield (27.80 t/ha) was obtained from the genotype HB004 followed by the genotype HB005 (26.45 t/ha) and the lowest yield (10.00 t/ha) was measured in the genotype HB006. Keywords: Hyacinth bean, performance and yield. Introduction Hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L.) is a very popular winter vegetable in Bangladesh and grown throughout the country. It is a quick growing vine that can reach 2 m to 10 m. Hyacinth bean can be grown along a fence or trellis as an attractive plant and become to very palatable and nutritious vegetable. Moreover, it can be grown easily in homestead and commercial field. In Bangladesh, every homestead of rural areas has trellis of hyacinth bean (Rashid, 1999). There are various types of hyacinth bean grown in different part of Bangladesh with various popular local name such as suri, puti, beta, noldog etc. Significant physico-morphological variation was found among the lines grown in Bangladesh (Islam et al., 2002 and Rahman et al., 1985). Yield and yield attributes are also existed among the different lines (Mollah, 1995). However, the average yield of hyacinth bean in the country is very low. Lack of 1) Senior Scientific Officer, Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh. 2) Principal Scientific Officer, Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh. 3) Scientific Officer, Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh. 4) Principal Scientific Officer, Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jessore, Bangladesh

2 66 M. F. Hossain et al. high yielding variety, incidence of pest and diseases are becoming to the most important yield limiting factors. Horticulture Research Center, RARS under BARI Jessore collected hyacinth bean germplasm from southwestern region of the country started since, 2006 with a view to recommending varieties with desirable attributes particularly yield potential and resistance to insect and pests. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to collect and evaluate the performance of hyacinth bean genotypes to get desirable lines for cultivation as well as for breeding purpose. Materials and Method The experiment in this study was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore during rabi season of, 2008 to Nine hyacinth bean lines viz. CB001, CB002, CB003, CB004, CB005, CB006, CB007, CB008, and CB009 were included in the study. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with 3 replications. The unit plot size was 2.5 m x 2.5 m. Four plants were cultivated in each plot maintaining 1.5 x 1.5 spacing. Two seeds of each genotype were sown in polyethylene bag for seedling production and one seedling was removed from the polyethylene bag to keep healthy one after seed germination. The land was fertilized with cow dung, urea, TSP, MOP and 10000, 60, 200, 150 and 111 kg/ha, respectively. One week before transplanting, total amount of cowdung, TSP and gypsum and half of MOP were applied in pit and urea and remaining half of MOP were also applied as the top dressed at 30 days after transplanting (BARI Handbook). Seedlings were transplanted in the pit on October 16, The plants were allowed to grow on trellis. Irrigation, weeding, pest control and the other intercultural operations were performed if necessary. Data were recorded from each plant and analyzed statistically. Results and Discussion Leaf characteristics Wide variations among the genotypes were observed in respect of leaf size and shape (Table 1). The maximum length (12.25 cm) and breadth (11.73 cm) of leaf were measure in the genotype HB004 and the minimum length (7.63 cm) of leaf as well as breadth (7.65cm) was measured in the genotypes HB003 which was statistically similar to the genotype HB006 (7.6 cm and 7.40 cm, respectively. The leaf of genotypes CB001, HB003, HB004, HB005, HB006, and HB009 was found triangular in shape whereas the genotype HB002, HB007 and CB008 were showed quadrangular shape of leaf. Inflorescence characteristics Days to 50% flowering was significantly differed among the genotypes. Early flowering (48 days) occurred in the genotype HB003 and delayed flowering (79 days) in the genotype HB004 (Table 1). Colour of flower varied from genotype to genotype. Calyx colour of the genotypes HB001, HB002, HB007, HB008 and HB009 were showed brown, whereas HB003 and HB006 possessed dark brown calyx and HB004 and HB005 produced green colour calyx, respectively. On the other hand, whitish

3 Study on hyacinth bean lines in Bangladesh 67 Table 1. Leaf size, days to flowering and harvesting of hyacinth bean genotypes Acc. no. Leaf length (cm) Leaf breadth (cm) Days to 50 % Flowering Days to first harvest HB f 8.7g 67d 31c HB c 9.31f 67d 34a HB f 7.65h 48f 33ab HB a 11.73a 79a 35a HB b 10.77b 68c 34a HB f 7.4i 62e 34a HB d 8.84f 62e 32bc HB a 9.94d 62e 33ab HB c 10.39c 72b 30c CV (%) Means with the same letter in a column do not differ significantly Table 2. Yield and yield contributing characters of hyacinth bean genotypes Acc. no. Pod length Pod breadth Single pod Number of Yield (t/ha) Number of 10 seed weight (g) (cm) (cm) weight (g) pods/ plant seeds/ pod Fresh Dried HB e 3.68b 11.33f 295b 16.60bcd 5.33bc 6.20g 3.07g HB c 3.87a 25.00a 143e 17.68bcd 5.33bc 9.67c 4.10d HB e 3.86a 12.33f 240c 15.75cd 4.33e 6.50f 3.30f HB b 2.43d 15.33d 380a 27.80a 6.00a 9.60c 4.53b HB b 2.42d 14.00e 374a 26.45ab 4.67d 8.00e 4.33c HB e 2.94c 12.33f 172d 10.00d 5.00c 6.07g 3.50e HB d 2.44d 18.33bc 177d 15.35cd 5.67b 9.00d 3.43ef HB a 2.37de 19.00b 235c 22.20abc 6.00a 11.10b 4.80a HB a 2.30e 17.67c 168d 13.95cd 5.00c 12.07a 4.50bc CV (%) Means with the same letter in a column do not differ significantly purple colour corolla was found in genotype HB001, HB002, HB003 HB006, HB007 and HB009, whereas HB004 and HB005 genotypes showed white colour corolla and only CB009 showed purple colour corolla. Yield and yield contributing characteristics Yield and yield contributing characters of nine hyacinth bean genotypes were significantly influenced (Table 2). First pod harvest was the earliest (30 days) in HB009 whereas the delayed (35 days) in HB004 from planting. Similar result was reported by Purseglove (1977) and Rashid (1976). The longest pod (18.56 cm) was found in the genotype HB008 which was statistically similar to HB009 (18.12 cm) and the genotype HB006 produced the shortest pod (10.31 cm) which was statistically similar to HB001 (10.58 cm) and HB003 (10.67 cm), respectively. Similar variation of pod length was reported by Mollah et al. (1995) and Sultana (2001). The maximum pod breadth was presented at the genotype HB002 (3.87 cm) and HB003 (3.86 cm) and the minimum value was showed in HB009 (2.30 cm). Pengelly and Maass (2001) found variation in pod breadth, which ranged from 1.6 to 3.2 cm. The highest individual pod weight (25 g) was recorded from HB002 and the lowest (11.33 g) was observed in genotype HB001. This might be inherent characteristics of the genotype. Mollah et al. (1995) also recorded variation in single pod weight. The highest number of pods per plant (380) was existed in the genotype HB004 which was

4 68 M. F. Hossain et al. statistically similar to HB005 (374) and the lowest value was shown in genotype HB002 (143). Similar result was reported by Halim and Ahmed (1992) in case of number of pods per plant and also ranged 180 to 330 among nine hyacinth bean lines. The highest pod yield (27.08 t/ha) was obtained from genotype HB004 which was statistically similar to HB005 (26.45 t/ha) and the lowest pod yield was also obtained from HB006 (10.00 t/ha). Qualitative characteristics of pod A wide variation was found among the genotypes in case of qualitative characters of hyacinth bean pod (Table 3). Different colour of pod was found among the genotypes. HB001 and HB006 produced green colour pod; CB002 produced brown colour pod; HB003, HB004 and HB005 produced dark brown colour pod; HB008 and HB009 produced greenish brown colour pod and HB007 produced reddish brown colour pod (Table 3). Pod shape also differed among the genotype. Pod shape of the genotypes HB006, HB007, HB008 and HB009 were curved; HB001, HB002 and HB003 were slightly curved and HB004 and HB005 were straight. Pod cross section of genotype HB005 and HB006 was pear shaped and remaining genotype was comparatively flat type. Incase of pod surface texture, genotype HB002, HB007 HB008 and HB009 produced smooth surface pod whereas HB003 and HB006 produced moderately smooth surface of pod and genotype HB001, HB004 and HB005 were rough surface of pod. Pod beak position of genotype HB001, HB002, HB003 and HB007 was marginal, whereas the other genotypes were non marginal type. Pod beak orientation of HB008 and HB009 was straight and remaining genotypes was downward type. This result is the agreed with the findings of Islam et al. (2010). Seed characteristics The genotypes HB004 and HB008 produced 6 seeds per pod which was higher than the other genotypes and HB003 produced 4.33 seeds per pod (Table 2). The highest fresh 100-seed weight ( g) Table 3. Qualitative characters of bean germplasm Acc. no. Leaf shape Calyx color Corolla color Pod color Pod beak position Pod beak orientation HB001 Triangular Brown Whitish purple Green Marginal Downward HB002 Quadrangular Brown Whitish purple Brown Marginal Downward HB003 Triangular Dark brown Whitish purple Dark brown Marginal Downward HB004 Triangular Green White Dark brown Non marginal Downward HB005 Triangular Green White Dark brown Non marginal Downward HB006 Triangular Dark brown Whitish purple Green Non marginal Downward HB007 Quadrangular Brown Whitish purple Reddish brown Marginal Downward HB008 Quadrangular Brown Whitish purple Bluish green Non marginal Straight HB009 Triangular Brown Purple Bluish green Non marginal Straight HB001 Slightly curved Very flat Rough Ovoid Blackish brown HB001 HB002 Slightly curved Very flat Smooth Ovoid Blackish brown HB002 HB003 Slightly curved Very flat Moderately Ovoid Black HB003 HB004 Straight Very flat Rough Ovoid Reddish brown HB004 HB005 Straight Pear shaped Rough Ovoid Reddish brown HB005 HB006 Curved Pear shaped Moderately Ovoid Blackish brown HB006 HB007 Curved Very flat Smooth Ovoid Black HB007 HB008 Curved Very flat Smooth Ovoid Black HB008 HB009 Curved Very flat Smooth Ovoid Black HB009

5 Study on hyacinth bean lines in Bangladesh 69 was in the genotype HB009 followed by HB008 ( g) and the lowest value was shown in HB001 (62.00 g). On the other hand, the highest dried 10-seed weight (48.00 g) was existed in the genotype HB008 followed by the genotype HB004 (45.30 g) and the lowest value was shown in HB001 (30.70 g). Seed shape of all the genotypes were ovoid type. Three types of seed colour were found among the genotype. The genotype HB001, HB002 and HB006 produced blackish brown colour seed, whereas HB004 and HB005 produced reddish brown colour and other four genotypes produced black colour (Table 3). Disease and insect infestation Infestation of diseases was hardly found in the collection. Symptom like yellow mosaic virus was observed in the genotypes HB003 and HB008 in late season of the crop. No pod borer infestation was observed in the genotypes (Table 4). Table 4. Disease index and insect infestation of hyacinth bean genotypes Acc. no. Yellow mosaic virus Pod borer HB HB HB HB HB HB HB HB HB Conclusion From the above discussion it revealed that the genotypes HB004 and HB005 were found superior considering yield and yield considering characters, qualitative characters and insect pest resistance. These two lines might be selected for cultivated in this region and for breeding purpose to develop high yielding variety. References Halim, G. M. A. and S. Ahmed Study of the morphogenetic divergence in country bean. Bangladesh Hort. 20(2): Islam, M. S., M. M. Rahman and T. Hossain Physico-morphological variation in hyacinth bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet]. Bangladesh J Agril. Res. 35(3): Islam, T., M. M. Haque and M. M. Rahman Catalouge on hyacinth bean germplasm. PGRC, BARI, Gazipur. pp. 55. Mollah, M. S., R. Shaha and M. S. Islam Effect of method of support on the yield performance of some advanced line of hyacinth bean. Bangladesh J. Crop Sci., 6(1&2): Pengelly, B. C. and L. Maass Lablab purporeus (L.) Sweet-diversity, potential use and determination of a core collection of this multipurpose tropical legume. Genetic Resources and Crop Evaluation. 48: Purseglove, J. W Tropical Crops. Dicotyledons. Longman, London. pp

6 70 M. F. Hossain et al. Rahman, M. S., M. S. Ahmed and K. R. Haque Study on the morphological characters of twenty local collections of country bean. Bangladesh Hort.13(1&2): Rashid, M. M Bangladesher Sabji (Vegetable of Bangladesh). 1 st edition. Bangla Academy, Dhaka, Bangladesh. pp Rashid, M. M Sabji Biggan (In Bengali). Rashid Publishing House., 94, Old DOSH, Dhaka pp Sultana, N Genetic variation of morphology and molecular markers and its application to breeding in lablab bean. A Ph. D. Thesis, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. 143p.