DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Transcription

1 DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN DISTRICT MANDI DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY DISTRICT MANDI

2 District Disaster Management Plan District Mandi Supported By Himachal Pradesh state Disaster Management authority (HPSDMA) Disaster Management Cell, dept. of Revenue, Govt. of Himachal Pardesh United Nation Development Programme (UNDP), New Delhi Acknowledgment to Deputy Commissioner, Mandi (HP) Additional District Magistrate, Mandi (HP) Prepared by Mr. Nitesh kumar District Training & Capacity Building Coordinator DDMA, Mandi & UNDP, New Delhi

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6 Index Chapter No Page No Chapter Name Introduction: Mandi Introduction: Mandi 3. District Disaster Management Plan of Mandi 4.2 Aims & Objectives of the District Disaster Management Plan 4.3 Objectives of the DDMP 4.4 Authority for the DDMP: DM Act, Evolution of the Plan in Brief 5.6 Stakeholders and their responsibility 6.7 How to use the DDMP Mandi: Brief Framework 9.8 Approval Mechanism of the Plan: Authority for implementation 2.9 Plan Review and Updation: Periodicity 2 Hazard Vulnerability Capacity and Risk Assessment 2 2. Basic profile of District Mandi Land Usage of Mandi District Hazard Profile of Mandi District Details of the major hazards of Mandi district Seasonal mapping Authority/Agency that carried out HVCRA Vulnerability Analysis Disability Data Of District Mandi Sub- division wise hazard & vulnerability Capacity Analysis Other available resources in the district Critical gaps and changes 42 Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management 3 3 Introduction Institutional Arrangements at National Level National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) Institutional Structure at State Level State Disaster Advisory Committee SDMA Roles and Responsibilities State Crisis Management Group 5 The State Crisis Management Group s function is 5 State Emergency Control Room / Himachal Pradesh State Disaster Management Authority 5 Disaster Management Organizational Structure at District Level District Level Mechanism in Mandi District District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) DDMA Roles and Responsibilities Sub- Divisional Level Mechanism in Mandi District Tehsil Level Disaster Management Committee

7 3.6 Village Disaster Management Committee (VDMC District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC), Mandi Role of Emergency Operation Centre in Normal Time Role of Emergency Operation Centre during Disaster Public-Private Partnership Forecasting and Early Warning Agencies Trigger Mechanism Incident Response System at District Mandi IRS: On site Action during Disasters 63 Prevention and Mitigation Measures Introduction The Legal Context Prevention and Mitigation Aims and Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation Measures Prevention and Mitigation Plan Types of Mitigation Measures Mainstreaming People with Disability (PWD) into DRR 68 Mainstreaming DRR in Development Plans Approaches for mainstreaming Prevention Measures Special Project report Proposed for preventing disasters Illustrations of Mainstreaming DRR into ongoing Flagship Programmes 69 Conclusion Preparedness Measures 5 5 Introduction Objective of Preparedness Measures General Preparedness Checklist for the District Mandi (H.P.) General Preparedness Measures Disability Inclusive plan: Reasons 80 How to include people with a disability in disaster management Early Warning System Standard Operating Procedures Knowledge Management India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN Media Management Capacity Building and Training Measures 6 6. Introduction Approach towards Training and Capacity Building Institutional Capacity Building HIPA: Centre for Disaster Management DDMA / District Head of the Departments Civil Engineers (Structural capacity building) Corporate & Professionals Strengthening of District (EOC) 99 6

8 6.9 Capacity Building at the Community Level District Mandi: Community Awareness and Community Based Disaster Preparedness Planning Capacity Building of Community Task forces Capacity Building of persons with disabilities Development of IEC Material Simulation Exercises Proposed District Training Calendar 03 Response and Relief Measures 7. Introduction and Objective Response Planning Disaster Response Functions to be carried out Early warning phase Immediate past disaster phase Quick Need assessment Resource mobilization Response Management Activation of EOC Main roles of DEOC after activation Relief Distribution Search and rescue Management Information Management and media management VIP Management NGO coordination and management Disposal of dead bodies and carcass Seeking external help of assistance Assessing Requirement of foreign assistance Multilateral Assistance in the case of an offer of assistance from UN agency 7. Management of Tourists 7.2 Staging Area management 7.3 Relief Transport management 7.4 Debris management and Roads Clearance 2 3 Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Recovery Measures 8 8. Introduction Mechanisms of disaster recovery Reconstruction rehabilitation and recovery process Immediate and long term recovery plan includes following broad activities Damage Assessment Disposal of debris Disbursement of assistance for housing report and reconstruction Formulation of Assistance packages Monitoring and review Relocation Town planning and development plans. 5 7

9 8.9 Reconstruction as Housing Replacement policy Donor and NGO Coordination 5 8. Awareness and Capacity Building Grievance Redressed 5 Budget and Financial Allocation 9 9. Existing sources of funds for Disaster Management district Funds to be created under DM act Responsibilities of the state Departments and agencies Techno Financial Regime Other Financing options. 20 Procedure and Methodology for monitoring, evaluation, updation and maintenance of DDMP 0 0 Introduction 2 0. Authority for maintaining and reviewing the DDMP Implementation Post disaster evaluation mechanism for DDMP Schedule for Updation of DDMP Uploading of updated plans at DDMP-SDMA Websites Conducting of Mock Drills The Responsible parties for organizing district drills Schedule for organizing drills Monitoring and gap evaluation Ensure training for personnel Check on site/off site Plans of Major Accidental Hazard Units. 25 Coordination Mechanism for Implementation of DDMP.0 Introduction 26. Intra Departmental coordination 26.. Sub-division level Coordination mechanism Tehsil level Coordination mechanism 27.2 Arrangement of local level 27.3 Inter Departmental coordination 27.4 Coordination mechanism with community 28.5 Frequency of village/panchayat Committee meetings Coordination mechanism with NGO s, CBO s, Self Help Group (SHGs) 29.7 Coordination with other districts and state. 29 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and Checklist 2 2. Early warning management Evacuation when there is early warning Evacuation when there no early warning Search and Rescue Relief operations Guidelines for setting and running the Relief camps. 33 Shelter

10 2.7 General Administration of the camp Basic Facilities Lighting arrangements and Generator set Water facilities Sanitation Food Storage and distribution clothing Food Storage and distribution Clothing Medical Facilities and Psycho Social Support Special arrangement for woman, children, and Physically challenged and Elderly persons Vermin control Security Entertainment recreation and IEC Programme Restoration of essential services Dead body disposal Carcass Disposal Guidelines for Disposal of Animal carcasses Guidelines for Burial Guidelines for Composting Information and media management Guidelines for information management VIP Visit Management 39 ANNEXURE I. Evolution of the District Disaster Management Plan Mandi 42 II. Hot spots for road accidents within district mandi 43 III. Task force details 50 List of non- government organisation district mandi 5 i. ii. IV. V. Annexure A: Important Contact Number Part a: State Disaster Management Authority, Himachal Pradesh 52 Part b: State Executive Committee 52 Part c: Linkages with other DDMAS 53 Annexure B : Important Contact Number of District Mandi 54 List of Medical Officers/Officials in District Mandi 59 List of Police Officers/Officials in District Mandi 60 List of HPSEBL Officers/ Officials in District Mandi 62 Annexure C : Contact Number of Sub-Divisions Office of District Mandi 63 Annexure D : Important Contact Details For Disaster Response Team 66 Resource Inventory: Emergency Resources Inventory, /Equipment / Machinery 7 Department A: Forest Department 7 Department B: HPSEB Department 75 Department C: HPPWD Department 78 Department D: Police Department 83 Department E: Home.Gaurd.6th bn. Mandi, Incident Response System (IRS) 9

11 VI. District Mandi: Incident Response Team VII. Hazards Specific Responsibility Matrix 95 PART A For Emergency Response Where Early Warning is Available. 96 PART B For Emergency Response Where Early Warning is Not Available. 98 Rapid Damage and Need Assessment Report 200 IX. Rapid Assessment Format for Disaster Management Team 20 X. Requisition for Army Aid by Civil Authorities 205 XI. De- Requisition for Army Aid by Civil Authorities 206 XII. UNISDR Terminologies for Disaster Management 207 XIII. Abbreviations 2 VIII. List of Figures S.no Details of figure Page no Figure.: Conceptual Flowchart shows how to use the DDMP, Mandi (H.P.) 20 Figure 2.: Block Boundaries map of Mandi (Source: Census of India) 23 Figure 2.2: Socio Economic Map of District Mandi 26 Figure 2.3: Earthquake Hazard Risk Zonation Map Mandi 28 Figure 2.4: Flood Hazard Risk Zonation Map: Mandi 28 Figure 2.5: Forest Fire Hazard Risk Map District Mandi 29 Figure 2.6: Landslide Hazard Risk Map Mandi 30 Figure 3. & 3.2: Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management 46 Figure 3.3: Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management at state level 49 Figure 3.4: Institutional Arrangements at District Level 54 Figure 3.5: figure represent the process where early warning information is available 59 Figure 3.6: Early Warning Information Is Available 60 Figure 3.7: Early Warning Information Is Not Available 60 Figure 3.8: The IRS training and constitution Incidence Response Teams (IRTs) for the 63 district is in progress and the state is yet to notify district IRT Figure 5.: Disaster Preparedness and Response System 82 Figure 5.2: Quick and Efficient Evacuation Process 83 Figure 5.3: Medical Services till Village/ Community Levels 85 Nodal Officer is the District Food and Civil Supply Department with support of 86 Figure 5.4: Revenue/ Health and Family Welfare. Figure 5.5: Shelter/ Medical/ Relief Process in Disaster 86 Figure.: Coordination mechanism with community 28 Figure 2.: General Administration of the Camp 34 0

12 List of Tables S.No Detail of Tables Page No Table.: Representation of Administrative set-up 3 Table.2: Briefly mentioned the name of all line departments within the district Mandi and their 6 role and responsibilities in context to disaster risk reduction in district Mandi. Table 2.: Detail of subdivisions, Tehsils, Sub-Tehsils in Mandi District 22 Table 2.2: Land Usage of Mandi District 23 Table 2.3: Population of District Mandi as per 20 Census 24 Table 2.4: Geographical Area 24 Table 2.5: Towns and Villages 25 Table 2.6: Characterizes of Socio Economic 25 Table 2.7: Representation Hazard Profile of Mandi District 27 Table2.8: History of Earthquake in Mandi 27 Table:2.9: History of Flood in Mandi 28 Table 2.0: History of cloud burst in Mandi 29 Table 2.: History of forest fire/fire in mandi 29 Table 2.2: History of cloud burst in Mandi 30 Table 2.3: Table Represents Land & Area Affected Drought 3 Table 2.4: Road accidents previous history 32 Table 2.5: Period of occurrence of each Hazards 32 Table 2.6: Distribution of Houses by predominant Materials of Roof And wall and level of 33 Damage Risk Table 2.7: Summary of the vulnerability factors 35 Table 2.8: Disablity data of district Mandi 36 Table 2.9: Analysis of Disaster in the district 36 Table 2.20: Details of fire tenders in the district 37 Table:2.2 : Detail of home guard in district Mandi 37 Table 2.22: Details of the police stations and their contact numbers and disaggregated data 38 (position wise) of the force are provided below Table 2.23: List of police Stations 38 Table 2.24: Medical Facilities including resources in district Mandi. 39 Table 2.25: List of primary health centre in district Mandi 40 Table 2.26: The list of helipads / landing sites which can be of immense help in disaster is given 4 below. Table 2.27: Risk matrix of the district 42 Table 2.28: Hazard/ Risk Assessment of Mandi District 43 Table 3.: Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management & Roles & responsibilities 47

13 Table 3.2: Nodal Ministry for Management / Mitigation of Different Disasters 48 Table 3.3: Members of State Disaster Management Authority 50 Table 3.4: advisory committee constituted for HPSDMA 50 Table 3.5: Nodal Ministry and departments for Management / Mitigation of Different Disasters 52 Table 3.6: The DDMA for the district has been notified on as under 53 Table 3.7: Members of Sub-Division Level - Disaster Management Committee 55 Table 3.8: Members of Tehsil/ Sub-Tehsil Level - Disaster Management Committee 55 Table 3.9: Members of Village Disaster Management Committee (VDMC) 56 Table 3.0: Task Force at Block/ Village Level 57 Table 3.: Following are the Nodal agencies in the Government of India and in the state mandated for early warning of different natural hazards prevailing in the state of 6 Himachal Pradesh Table 3.2: DEOC of other district of HP 6 Table 3.3: Outline of Responsibility of Main Functionary of district mandi for IRS 62 Table 4.: Following are some of the measures with regards to some major Hazards that occur within Mandi District Tabel 4.2: Following are some of the measures with regards to some major Hazards that occur within Mandi District Table 4.3: Schemes for DRR Integration into flagship programmes in District Mandi 70 Table 5.: Preventive and Mitigation Measures 76 Table 5.2: Type of impairments and warning systems 80 Table 5.3: Disaster Preparedness and Response 8 Table 5.4: Standard Operating Procedures: Emergency Support Functions and Preparedness 88 Table 6.: Departments and their responsibility for various disaster management trainings 96 Table 6.2: Community Preparedness Strategies 00 Table 6.3: Capacity Building of Community Task forces 0 Table 6.4: Special/Specific needs of persons with Disabilities in every phase of Disaster Management and Risk Reduction 0 Table 6.5: Development of IEC Material 02 Table 6.6: Simulation Exercises of District 02 Table 6.7 Proposed District Training Calendar 03 Table 7.: Response planning phases during the early warning 04 Table 7.2: Response planning phases during the no early warning 05 Table 7.3: Damage assessment in context to Response 06 Table 7.4: Need assessment in context to Response 07 Table 7.5: Resource Mobilization and Responsible Department 07 Table 7.6: Restoration of Essential Services 2 Table 8.: Sector specific approach and processes for Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Recovery are as follows Table 0.: Suggested time schedule for DDMP Updation

14 Chapter Introduction: Mandi The present District of Mandi was formed with the merger of two princely states Mandi and Suket on 5th April 948, when the State of Himachal Pradesh came into existence. Ever since the formation of the district, it has not witnessd any changes in its jurisdiction. District Mandi is vulnerable, in varying degrees and prone to multihazard, Disaster risks in districts are further compounded by increasing vulnerabilities related to changing demographics and socio-economic conditions, unplanned urbanization, and development within high-risk zones, environmental degradation, geological hazards, epidemics and pandemics. In recent few decades the reported climate warming or say climate change can aggravate the devastating impacts of disasters in the districts. The District Mandi is situated between Northern latitude East longitudes. It is bounded by kullu on the north-east, Kangra on the northwest, Hamirpur & Bilaspur in the west, Arki tehsil of Solan district in the south, Shimla district in the southwest and Mandi district in the east serves as the headquarters of District and Zonal Headquarters of the central zone including Districts namely Mandi, Bilaspur,kullu,Hamirpur and Lahaul & Spiti.Considering the geographical location, access issues, population exposure, scale and diversity of resources, there exists an urgent need for implementing and expanding district wide comprehensive disaster management strategies encompassing Preparedness. Prevention & Mitigation, Response & Rehabilitation. Therefore, planning at the district level is crucial for efficient management of all disasters. It calls for the District Disaster Management Plan which act as one of the most important steps in disaster management at district level. As a tourist place, Mandi is often referred to as "Varanasi of Hills or "Choti Kashi located on the banks of river Beas. The district has a total number of 469 Panchayats comprising of 0 sub-divisions in which 2,850 inhabited villages and uninhabited villages are 488. Mandi is the second largest district in terms of population. Mandi has 7th rank in terms of literacy among all the district of the state. The literacy rate of the district is 8.5 percent in comparison to the state average of 82.8 percent. Total forest area within District is 7342 hectares, with cultivated land of 68 hectares and noncultivated area as hectares. The economy of Mandi district mainly depends upon agriculture and horticulture. It is also popular for its unique geographic conditions and touristic attractions like temples, lakes. Along with an International Festival of Shivaratri Fair. The Mandi festival or fair is particularly famous as the special fair transforms Mandi town into a venue of grand celebration when all gods and goddesses, said to be more than 200 deities of the Mandi district assemble here, starting with the day of Shivaratri. The district is also known for many major and minor Hydro Power Projects. Mandi can be reached by road through national highway number 2 (Manali-Chandigarh) and by air nearest airport located at Bhuntar town Kullu. Table:. Representation of Administrative set-up Administrative set-up Sub-Divisions Tehsils Sub-Tehsils Development Blocks 0 [Sadar, Sarkaghat, Sundernagar, Karsog, Gohar, Joginder Nagar, Dharmpur, Balh, Janjehli Padhar] 7 [Mandi, Chachyot, Thunag, Karsog, Kotli, Jogindernagar, Padhar, Ladbhadol, Sundernagar, Sarkaghat, Balh, Aut, Nihari, Sandhol, Dharampur, Baldwara and Balichowki] 8 Tihra, Tikkan, Bhadrota, Dehar, Dharampur, Pangna, Chhatri & Kotola 0 [Sadar, Balh, Sundernagar, Karsog, Gopalpur, Dharampur, Chauntra, Drang, Seraj, Gohar] 3

15 Despite all, vagaries of nature can cause a disaster of such magnitude and such intensity that it becomes impossible to respond unless there is preparedness to cope with the effect in the pre-as well as a post-disaster period. Preparedness is the best response to such situation in order to mitigate the effects and to reduce losses in terms of life and property. With increasing anthropogenic pressures, natural disaster has become all the more unpredictable and the fury unleashed by natural forces on human kind all the more ferocious causing far greater loss of life and property.. District Disaster Management Plan of Mandi Disaster Management has undergone a paradigm shift in recent years from the earlier approach of response to disasters to the current holistic approach of disaster mitigation and preparedness, which yields long term benefits while minimizing damage due to disasters. District Disaster Management Authority working under the ages of Office of the Deputy Commissioner, Mandi is primarily responsible for disaster management in District Mandi. The District Authority is responsible for planning, coordination and implementation of disaster management and to take such measures for disaster management as provided in the guidelines. The District Disaster Management Plan (DDMP) for District mandi has been prepared for implementation by the Government and other non-government agencies who would be involved in execution of the Plan during any disaster in the district. The plan indicates emergency action plans, roles and responsibilities of key personnel and suggests mitigation measures during any natural or manmade disaster, taking into consideration the available resources with various agencies involved. The plan evolves systems to make the plan an effective response mechanism. In short, the plan brings under one roof, various agencies and departments to control any type of disaster..2 Aims & Objectives of the District Disaster Management Plan: The overall aim of this plan is to facilitate actions by different stakeholders to prevent / mitigate disaster and climate risk, and enhance preparedness and develop capacities for effective disaster management in the district. It further seeks to identify and clarify the roles and responsibilities of the internal and external stakeholders throughout the entire cycle of disaster management, i.e. pre-disaster, during disaster and post disaster phases..3 Objectives of the DDMP: To identify and map disaster risk, to strengthen institutional arrangements in the district by identifying roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders, to facilitate enhanced level of preparedness of different stakeholders and develop their capacities, preparation and implementation of action plan for disaster risk mitigation, strengthen mechanism for early warning, response & relief, guide rehabilitation & recovery and facilitate mechanism for monitoring, evaluation, revision and updation. Clarifying Authority, Responsibility and Relationships: - Clarifying as to who is responsible for ensuring that the work gets done, distributing and decision-making authority among the team members and the existing organizational units, and establishing formal lines of communication. Obtaining Resources: - Obtaining funds, personnel, supplies and equipment necessary for doing the required activities. Establishing the Control System:- Determining the nature of information, which is necessary for 4

16 carrying out activities, identifying sources of such information and setting up reporting systems for Disaster Management Monitoring, Evaluation and Updation: - The plan needs to be monitored from time to time and updated..4 Authority for the DDMP: DM Act 2005 On 23rd December, 2005, the Government of India took a defining step by enacting the Disaster Management Act, 2005, which envisaged creation of Authorities at all three levels as below: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMA), District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMA). As per Section 3 of the DM Act 2005, there shall be a plan for disaster management for every district of the State. The District Plan shall be prepared by the District Authority, after consultation with the local authorities and having regard to the National Plan and the State Plan, to be approved by the State Authority. The District Plan shall include(a) The areas in the district vulnerable to different forms of Disasters. (b) The measures to be taken, for prevention and mitigation of disaster, by the Departments of the government at the district level and local authorities in the district; (c) The capacity-building and preparedness measures required to be taken by the Departments of the government at the district level and the local authorities in the district to respond to any threatening disaster situation or disaster; (d) The response plans and procedures, in the event of a disaster, providing for Allocation of responsibilities to the Departments of the Government at the district level and the local authorities in the district; Prompt response to disaster and relief thereof; Procurement of essential resources; Establishment of communication links; and The dissemination of information to the public.5 Evolution of the Plan in brief: Preparation of the District Disaster Management Plan is the responsibility of the District Disaster Management Committee of the district. This plan is prepared by using District Disaster Management Plan of Mandi 202, Basic and Primary data was collected from all line departments during the time of premonsoon, pre winter and DDMA meetings, held in 206 and further inputs were received from the Orientation workshop in June, 206 and the revised plan was reviewed in December 206. The main steps involved in the development of this plan are: Data analysis Discussion with experts Reference of national and international literature Mock exercise to check the viability and feasibility of the implementation methodology 5

17 Wide circulation for public and departmental comments.6 Stakeholders & their responsibilities: At the District level, District Disaster Management Authority, with the Deputy Commissioner/District Collector designated as Response Officer (RO), and other line departments at district HQ are responsible to deal with all phases of disaster management within district. The role of the stakeholders has been prepared with the sole objective of making the concerned organizations understand their duties and responsibilities regarding disaster management at all levels and accomplishing them. Table.2: Briefly mentioned the name of all line departments within the district Mandi and their role and responsibilities in context to disaster risk reduction in district Mandi (H.P.). S.n Stake- Responsibilities holders To provide guidance and support for implementation of policies and plans related to disaster management. To deploy NDRF on request by DDMA. NDMA To coordinate and monitor with the state for the implementation of the policies and plans related to Disaster management. Facilitate mobilization and deployment of specialized resources on request by the DDMA / HPSDMA. To approve the DDMP To provide guidance and direction for preparation, revision, updation and implementation of the DDMP To issue and provide disaster management guidelines 2. HPSDMA To support mitigation, response, rehabilitation and capacity building action Monitor and evaluate implementation of the DDMP To coordinate with NDMA, MHA and other stakeholders for implementation of the DDMP Coordinating DRR activities and implementation thereof. Facilitating resources on demands rise by administration. Annual updation of DDMP Facilitate and coordinate implementation of DDMP. DDMA Building capacity by trainings and awareness Mandi Managing all resources at district level 3. Coordinate and liaise with stakeholders Coordinate with local authorities for implementation of DDMP System to collect, receive, and report and status of victims and assist family reunification; DEOC Enable local authorities to establish contact with the state authorities. Mandi Coordinate planning procedures between district, the state and the center; 4. Provide ready formats for all reporting procedures as a standby. 6

18 To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response Police 5. Department Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan Having sound communication and security plan in place to coordinate law and order issues; Training to security personnel in handling disaster situations and issues related to them. To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response Home 6. Guards Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan support the primary agencies in responding during the incident Establish, maintain and manage search and rescue response system; Coordinate search and rescue logistics during field operations; Provide status reports of S&R updates throughout the affected areas. To implement action plan for disaster risk mitigation in hospitals and other health infrastructures To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response Health and Family 7. Welfare Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan To coordinate, direct and integrate State level response and activation of medical personnel, supplies and equipment; Provide human services under the Department of health; To prepare, keep and check ready Mobile Hospitals, stocks of equipment and drugs; To network with private health service providers; To provide resources for mass level water decontamination To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response HPSEB Ltd. 8. Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan Provide and coordinate with State and support until the local authorities are prepared to handle all power related problems; Identify requirements of external equipment required such as DG sets, generators etc; Damage Assessment To implement departmental action plan for disaster risk mitigation 9. Irrigation To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response & Public Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan Health Ensure adequate sanitation and drinking water facilities Ensure special care to the vulnerable communities To prepare and implement DM Plan for Municipal council To enhance the level of municipal preparedness for emergency response 0. Municipal Council Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan Land Usage planning Solid/ liquid waste treatment and management Make arrangement for proposal disposal of waste in their respective areas; Arrange adequate material and manpower to maintain cleanliness and hygiene 7

19 To implement departmental action plan for disaster risk mitigation To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan Emergency clearing of debris to enable reconnaissance; Clearing of roads;. H.P PWD Assemble casual labour; provide a work team carrying emergency tool kits, depending on the nature of disaster, essential equipment such as Towing vehicles, Earth moving equipment Cranes etc. Construct temporary roads; Keep national and other main highways clear from disaster effects such as debris etc. Coordination with private services providers for supply of earth moving equipment etc. To implement departmental action plan for disaster risk mitigation To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response 2. Rural Development Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan Make arrangement for proposal disposal of waste in their respective areas; Arrange adequate material and manpower to maintain cleanliness and hygiene. To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response BSNL 3. Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan Other Network Coordination of national actions to assure the provision of telecommunication support to the state and district; Coordinate the requirement of temporary telecommunication in the affected areas. To implement departmental action plan for disaster risk mitigation To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response Food and 4. Public Distribution Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan Identify requirement of food and clothing for affected population; Control the quality and quantity of food, clothing and basic medicines Ensure the timely distribution of food and clothing to the people; Ensure that all food that is distributed is fit for human consumption. To implement departmental action plan for disaster risk mitigation To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response 5. Transport Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan Overall coordination of the requirement of transport in implement emergency related response and recovery functions, search and rescue and damage assessment; Make an inventory of vehicles available for various purposes; To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response Department of 6. Public Relations Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan To provide and collect reliable information on the status of the disaster and disaster victims for effective coordination. Coordinate with all TV and radio networks to send news flashes for specific do s, don ts Respect the socio-cultural and emotional state of the disaster victims while collecting information for dissemination. 8

20 To implement departmental action plan for disaster risk mitigation To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response Department 7. of Animal Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan Husbandry Treatment of animals (Domestic and Wild); Provision of vaccination; Disposal of dead animals; To implement departmental action plan for disaster risk mitigation To enhance the level of departmental preparedness for emergency response Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions assigned as per this plan 8. Forest department Prevent, mitigate risk of forest fires and provide emergency support functions To keep the department prepared for supporting the DDMP Removal of fallen trees and Forestation or shifting of trees. To provide fuel wood for the relief camps and public; Have adequate storage of fuel wood and make arrangement for distribution thereof; To provide fuel wood for cremation. NDRF, Nurpur 9. Armed Transit Camp At Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions Carrying out search and rescue on requisition by District as well as state administration. Strengthening the response mechanism through trainings and awareness. Coordinate with administration in response as well as capacity building. Facilitate administration with the key resources in disaster. Pandoh Ensure action as per assigned responsibilities under emergency support functions 20. Revenue Training of Patwaris and field kanugo s with reference to disaster. Gathering damage report from the ground through PRI s and patwaris. Implementation of VDMP s.7 How to use the DDMP Mandi: Brief Framework: DDMP should act as a frame of reference in an event of a disaster according to the guidelines laid under section 3 of DM act, All the stake holders and various line departments in the district should refer to the DDMP for a realization of their duties towards disaster management. Members of DDMA should be aware of their powers and responsibilities as mentioned in the DDMP and the District Collector should exercise his powers in case of a disaster. DDMP will also act as a guide to form VDMPs and individual disaster management plans of schools, communities and line departments (IPH, PWD, Fire, Electricity, Health, Police and Home guard) at district level. 9

21 ACTIONS REFERENCE Identify each target groups and objectives Objectives targets household, GP Committee, Line Deptt. & other Stakeholder in District Mandi Know potential risks Chapter-2 Context Analysis (HRVCA) (Hazards, Vulnerabilities & Capacities) Identify Stakeholders Know institutional mechanism & good practices for implementation of plan Chapter- and 2 (Stakeholder Analysis) Chapter-3 DDMA Action (Chapter 4-8) REMARKS Read this to understand the disaster context of district Read this to know about various institutions at district level and understand good practices like ESF, IRS, DMP /QRT etc. DRR and Mitigation Plan Chapter-4, 5, 6 District Response Plan Chapter-7 Act per specific Plans Stake holder s action during Non-disaster time Line Department, GP committee Stakeholders Know linkages with state, national and international resources Chapter9, 0 and Know legal & financial provisions for implementation of plan Chapter3 and Find checklists, assessment formats, resource database ChepterChecklist, formats & resource database Stake holder s action during disaster time Read this to know about linkage at various levels and finance arrangement as per the level of disaster. Read this to get details on implementation of plan and the follow-up action Read this chapter to get assessment formats, checklists and database resources available in the district Figure.: Conceptual Flowchart shows how to use the DDMP, Mandi (H.P.) 20

22 .8 Approval Mechanism of the Plan: Authority for implementation (State Level/ District Level orders): As per Section 3(2) of the Disaster Management Act 2005, there shall be a plan for disaster management for every district of the State. The District Plan shall be prepared by the District Authority, after consultation with the local authorities and having regard to the National Plan and the State Plan, to be approved by the State Authority. Also, as per Section 3(6) of the Disaster Management Act 2005, the District Authority shall send a copy of the District Plan to the State Authority which shall forward it to the State Government..9 Plan Review & Updation: Periodicity As per Section 3(4) The Deputy Commissioner is responsible for the preparation and revision of the District Disaster Management Plan in collaboration with the line departments and other organizations in the district. The District Plan shall be reviewed and updated annually. When significant changes in the nature of any hazards Lessons learnt following any major disaster or When there is any significant change to organization or responsibilities of primary members of the task forces defined in the plan. Also, as per Section 3(7) The District Authority shall, review from time to time, the implementation of the Plan and issue such instructions to different departments of the Government in the district as it may deem necessary for the implementation thereof. It should be mandatory to consider reviewing and updating the plan after the following events: i. A major incident. ii. A change in operational resources (e.g., policy, personnel, organizational structures, Management processes, facilities, equipment). iii. A formal update of planning guidance or standards. iv. Major exercises. v. A change in the district s demographics or hazard or threat profile. vi. The enactment of new or amended laws or ordinances. 2

23 Chapter-2: Hazard Vulnerability Capacity and Risk Assessment Mandi is a multi hazard prone district, surrounded by districts which are equally and highly risk prone and vulnerable to disasters. This chapter will provide overall information of the various hazards within district Mandi, with their risks and vulnerability aspects including those emanating from climate change and variability. The Himachal Pradesh state is susceptible to 25 types of hazard according to Himachal Pradesh state disaster management plan. Himachal Pradesh is among one of the states highly vulnerable to natural hazards, i.e., earthquakes, flash floods triggered by cloud burst, landslides, avalanches and forest fires. Mandi district located in Shivalik region is also highly vulnerable to the natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, cloudbursts, flash floods, forest fires, avalanches etc. Apart from the hazard prone geographical conditions, Mandi is also witnessing the unplanned developments, rapid urbanization, and growth in the population and temporary settlements in urban areas. Difficulty in access to the rural areas along within adequate mass awareness about disaster risk reduction and preparedness has also contributed to increased risk. According to the Vulnerability Atlas of India approximately 70 percent houses are made of mud, un-burnt brick and stone wall in Himachal Pradesh. By and large the status of Mandi reflects the same situation. This is a sign of very high vulnerability, considering probability of Earth quake, Landslides, Flash flood and Cloud burst etc. In addition to the natural causes, various manmade activities have also aggravated the context and created the imbalance in overall ecology of the area. 2. Basic profile of District Mandi: Mandi district with 3338 villages is the second largest district in terms of population. The literacy rate of the district is 8.5 per cent in comparison to state average of 82.8 per cent. The district has often been affected by natural calamities causing severe damage to lives and property. Major population of Mandi district lives in remote villages situated in far-flung and inaccessible areas making people highly vulnerable to disasters. The administrative set up of the district is described in the following table: Table 2.: Detail of subdivisions, Tehsils, Sub-Tehsils in Mandi District Administrative set-up Sub-Divisions 0 [Sadar, Sarkaghat, Sundernagar, Karsog, Gohar, Joginder nagar, Dharmpur, Balh, Janjehli and Padhar] 7 [Mandi, Chachyot, Thunag, Karsog, Kotli, Jogindernagar, Padhar, Ladbhadol, No. of Tehsils Sundernagar, Sarkaghat, Balh, Aut, Nihari, Sandhol, Dharampur, Baldwara and Balichowki] No. of Sub-Tehsils Development Blocks 8 Tihra, Tikkan, Bhadrota, Dehar, Dharampur, Pangna, Chhatri & Katola 0 [Sadar, Balh, Sundernagar, Karsog, Gopal pur, Dharampur, Chauntra, Drang, Seraj, Gohar] Kanungo Circles 45 Patwari Circles 445 No. of Panchayats

24 Backward Panchayats 49 Villages 3367 Panchayat Samitis 0 [Sadar, Balh, Sundernagar, Gopal pur, Dharampur, Chauntra, Drang, Gohar, Karsog, Seraj] Zila Parishad [Mandi] Local Urban Bodies 5 [MC Mandi, MC Sundernagar, NP Sarkaghat, NP Rewalsar, NP Joginder Nagar] Assembly Constituency 0 [26-Karsog, 27-Sundernagar, 28-Nachan, 29 Siraj,30 Drang, 3 Joginder nagar, 32 Dharampur, 33 Mandi, 34 Balh, 35 Sarkaghat] (Source: District Mandi Website) Figure 2.: Block Boundaries map of Mandi 2.2 Land Usage and Important Statistics of District Mandi Table 2.2: Land Usage of Mandi District Geographical Area (Source: Department of Economics and State, Mandi HP) Total Area sq. Kilometers 3,950 Altitude 750 m Longitude& Latitude N E Major River Beas & Satluj 23

25 Table 2.3: Population of District Mandi as per 20 Census Population As per 20 Census Actual Population 999,777 Male 498,065 Female 50,72 Population Growth 0.92% Density/km2 253 Proportion to Himachal Pradesh Population 4.56% Sex Ratio (Per 000) 007 Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 96 Average Literacy 8.53 Male Literacy Female Literacy Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 2,074 Male Population (0-6 Age) 58,486 Female Population (0-6 Age) 53,588 Child Proportion (0-6 Age).2% Boys Proportion (0-6 Age).74% Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 0.68% Literacy Rate of Mandi Population As Per 20 Census Total 723,747 Male Literacy 393,669 Female Literacy 330,078 Table 2.4: Geographical Area Geographical Area Forest Area 7342 Cultivated Area 68 Uncultivable Land Distance State capital 20 kms from Mandi town. Nearest railway station 56 kms from mandi town to Joginder Nagar Nearest airport 60 kms from mandi town to Bhuntar, Kullu 24

26 Table 2.5: Towns and Villages: There are 5 towns in the district. The district has a total number of 3,338villages and inhabited villages are 2,850 and uninhabited villages are 488. Important Statistics Number of Villages Number of Towns Number of Households Population Rural Population Urban Population Total 3,338 Inhabited 2,850 Uninhabited 488 Statutory 5 Census - Total 5 Normal 28,765 Institutional 278 Houseless 02 Total Persons 999,777 Males 498,065 Females 50,72 Rural Persons 937,40 Males 466,050 Females 47,090 Urban Persons 62,637 Males 32,05 Females 30,622 Table 2.6: Characterizes of Socio Economic Literates Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Persons Number 723,747 Percentage 8.53 Males 393, Females 330, Persons 293, Males Females Persons 47,250 46,489 2, Males 6, Females 6, Workers and Non-Workers Total Workers (Main and Marginal) (i) Main Workers Persons 284, Males 85, Females 98,

27 Persons 288, Males, , ,60 226, Persons 387, Males Females 62,6 225, Persons 5, Males 8, Females 7, Persons 7,34.25 Males 4,777.6 Females 2, Persons 6, Males 22, Females 7,0 39,296 (ii) Marginal Workers Females Males Females Category of Workers (Main & Marginal) (i) Cultivators (ii) Agricultural Labours (iii)workers in household industry (iv) Other Workers Figure 2.2-Socio Economic Map of District Mandi 2.3. Hazard Profile of Mandi District As described above Mandi district is prone to Earthquake, Floods, Hailstorm, Fire, Lightening 26

28 and Road Accidents, etc. due to its geographical location and other contributing factors. Broadly district Mandi is prone to the following five types of hazards: Table: 2.7: Representation Hazard Profile of Mandi District Types of Hazard Geologically Water and climate Chemical industrial and nuclear hazards Accident related hazards Biologically Related hazards Earth quake Land slide and fluid flow Dam failure Floods Hail storm Heat wave and cold wave Droughts Thunder and lightening Cloud burst Nuclear disaster & Chemical and industrial disaster Forest Fire Urban Fire Major Building Collapse Serial Bomb Blast Festival related disasters Electrical Disasters and Fires Air, Road accidents Boat Capsizing Village Fire Pest Attacks Cattle Epidemics Food Poisoning 2.4 Details of the major hazards of Mandi district are described below: Earthquake The Earthquake Hazard Map shows that 97.4 % area of the Mandi district is situated in Zone V and rest 2.6% of area falls in Zone IV. As per the recorded history of earthquakes this district has been hit many times by earthquakes having magnitude of more than 4.0and above. Table: 2.8 History of earthquake in Mandi: Year Locations affected 986 Joginder nagar & nearby areas 997 Sunder Nagar Earthquake, an earthquake occurred at.30 PM. The magnitude of which was 4.5 at the Richter scale and its intensity was 6 to 7 as reported officially by the geological team Visited the area immediately after the earthquake An earthquake occurred at 9.2 AM in Mandi district. The magnitude of which was 6.8 at Richter Scale. However, no loss of life and property has been reported. Cracks in many Houses have also been reported at all the blocks of the Mandi district. 27

29 An earthquake occurred at 5 am in Rampur-Shimla-Kullu Border, Himachal Pradesh. 206 The magnitude of which was 3-5 to 4 at Richter Scale. The tremor also felt in mandi district. Figure 2.3-Earthquake Hazard Risk Zonation Map Mandi Flood River Beas that flows through the district makes the district vulnerable to riverine floods. In addition, five large rivulets are active in rainy season that contribute to vulnerability to floods. Table 2.9 History of Floods in Mandi: Year Area 957 Heavy Flood in river Suketi & Kansa Massive damage to 4 patwari circles due to flood in River Satluj Floods in Tirthan Khud damaged buildings 203, 204 & 205 Floods in Dharampur, damaged buses, cowshed and houses. Figure 2.4: Flood Hazard Risk Zonation Map: Mandi 28

30 Cloud burst Cloudburst is a devastating weather phenomenon representing highly concentrated rainfall over a small area lasting a short period of time. It leads to flashfloods, landslides, uprooting of trees, house collapse, and disruption to traffic, damages to bridges and other infrastructure. It also results in injuries and deaths. The topography of the district enhances the devastation caused by cloudbursts, as the water flowing down the steep slopes brings debris, boulders and uprooted trees with great velocity damaging any structure which comes in the way leading to a significant loss of life, property and natural habitat. Following are the details of the previous cloudburst events: Table 2.0: History of cloud burst in Mandi Year Area 984 Massive damage on Hospital road, Mandi due to cloudburst At Dharmpur Block. It was reported that flashflood water entered in the 0 shops in Dharmpur Bazar resulting in loss of belongings. No loss of life. Catchment area of pathervi nalah of Gram panchayat Thakurthana affected due to cloud bursting and took one human life and heavy loss of property At Dharmpur Block Forest Fire and Urban, Rural Fire: These fires occur normally in summer and mostly in the forest of the district 395 Sq. K.M. area of the district is forest which contains Devdaar & Chile types of tree in it. Table: 2. History of forest fire/fire in Mandi: Year Incidents to Figure 2.5: Forest Fire Hazard Risk Map District Mandi 29

31 Landslide and Mudflows Landslide is a common phenomenon in the highland regions of the district especially during Monsoon season. Casualty to human beings, properties e.g. roads, buildings and agricultural land crops have also been reported in recent years. Table 2.2: History of cloud burst in Mandi District Severe Mandi 0 Very high 968 High Moderate to low 978 Very low Total approx. 98 3, Year Area 2000, There have been heavy rain continuous rains throughout the Mandi 2003,2004 district causing wide spread loss to the roads, buildings and bridges. July 26,2006 Landslide buries four of family, Parwada, Mandi Joginder Nagar, The total damage to retaining walls, roads buildings and bridges Rs 25 lakhs. Figure. 2.6: Landslide Hazard Risk Map Mandi Drought Drought occurs as the groundwater levels are low and the soil moisture is less. During last several years many parts of the district, especially highlands faced serious problems of drought. Several hectares of agricultural land become dry and agricultural crops are lost due to drought. People are forced to walk long distance for fetching drinking water. Water scarcity intensifies during March to end of May, every year. 30

32 Table 2.3: Table Represents Land & Area Affected Drought Year Area 200 Total land area affected 4860 hectares and the total damage to agriculture and horticulture is Rs 600 lakhs Drought like situation damaged over percent of crops of pulses, oil Dam failure/ Dam bursts The Pandoh Dam is an embankment dam on the Beas River in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, India. Under the Beas Project, t it diverts the waters of the Beas to the southwest through a 38 km (24 mi) long system of tunnels and channels. The water is used for power generation at the Dehar Power House before being discharged into the Sutlej River, connecting both rivers. Second hydro power project namely NTPC Koldam is constructed upstream of Bhakra dam on river Satluj. The third dam is Larji Hydroelectric Power Project India is located at Upstream of Beas Dam, District Mandi, HP. During Monsoon season the level of water in the dam reached beyond its capacity and the authorities are forced to open the shutters of the dam. It causes floods in the lower regions of the dam. Early warning is given to the local people while opening the shutters. Wind & Hail Storm Wind storm is regular phenomena mainly in southern part of the district during summer season. Hail storms occur in pre and post monsoon period. Hail storm and wind storm imparts both hilly and plain area of the district however, no major loss has been reported or recorded in the district apart from falling of trees on account of windstorm and loss in horticultural/ agricultural produce due to hail storm. Thunder and Lightning Thunder and Lightning are common phenomena in the district both during Pre-monsoon as well as Monsoon. Most of the casualties reported due to lightning and thunder are in Pre-Monsoon season. Losses to Human lives, livestock, and houses are also being reported extensively. Epidemics Incidence of Epidemics like viral fever, leptospirosis, hepatitis, Chikungunya, Dengue fever, cholera, typhoid etc has become common in the district. Urban and hilly areas are more prone to epidemics and usually suffer from such epidemics during monsoon season. Road Accidents Most of the accidents have occurred in National and State highways. The highly mountainous terrain of district also results in many road accidents. With the increasing number of vehicles, the cases of road accidents are also increasing Mandi, Gutkar, Bhangrotu, Ner Chowk, Kelodhar, Kokhi, and Katlog etc. detail list of hot spot is attached as annexure. Table 2.4: Road accidents previous history Year Incidents No. of deaths Injured to

33 2.5 Seasonal Mapping Regarding the period of occurrence of each of these hazards throughout the year, following is a table containing the hazards timeline observed in Mandi. Floods are most likely to happen between June and sept, whereas Forest Fire in the months of April/May and September to November. Hazards, as earthquake, may occur at any time. It is important that the local administration plan accordingly - measures to mitigate the risks related to these hazards have to be taken in advance and the community trained well-before the probable period of each hazard. Table 2.5: Period of occurrence of each Hazards Probable Months Sr. No. Hazard. Flood 2. Forest Fire 3. Drought 4. Earthquake 5. Cold wave 6. Heat wave 7. Hail storm Ja n Fe b Mar April May June July August Sept Oct Nov Dec High Winds Road Accident Lighting 2.6 Authority/Agency that carried out HVCRA: Tools, Techniques and Methodology used for HVCRA DDMA, Mandi carried out HRVCA using the field validation and daily loss report. In addition to few maps and data also acquired from the state HRVCA report prepared by TARU. More details related to TARU methodology can be accessible from HPSDMA website. Summary of Hazard analysis The district has been traditionally vulnerable to different disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic condition. Floods, Drought, Earthquake (Zone- V), Fire Incidents, Heat Waves, Cold Waves and High Wind have been recurrent phenomena. The land pattern of the area is declining in nature making most of the land to below lying. During monsoon, rivers get filled with water and starts flowing through sides causing floods. To be noted, most of the rivers are seasonal and depend on monsoon water. Most of the rivers are embanked but various factors including negligence and lack of repair and maintenance of the embankments, the district often faces floods due to embankment breach. 32

34 2.7 Vulnerability Analysis Vulnerability is the degree to which a hazard impacts a community or an area. It depends upon socio, economic, and environmental factors within the district. Following are the brief description of social, structural and economic vulnerabilities of Mandi district. Physical Vulnerability Structural Vulnerability: Due to rapid urbanization, the buildings, constructions, and other infrastructures have been developed rapidly without taking into consideration the disaster vulnerability of the district. Most of the constructions are not disaster resilient or earthquake safe which increases the vulnerability of the population to various hazards. Non-structural vulnerability: Mandi district is highly vulnerable to multi hazards and few of the disasters are annual such as flood, fire, heat & cold waves etc. The community is aware of these recurrent disasters and has some understanding & experience towards these disasters. However, the community is unaware of the risks arising out of rapid urbanization, unplanned development, deforestation, environmental degradation and other such potential disasters. This unawareness and inexperience to these situations poses added vulnerability to the community. As per the BIS seismic zoning map 96.3% area of Mandi is liable to the severest intensity of MSK IX. As per distribution of use of material used for roof and wall of the houses, out of 3,82,844 buildings 3, 32,42are found to be using un-burnt Brick / mud walls making them Very High risk of Damage. Table 2.6: Distribution of Houses by predominant Materials of Roof and wall and level of Damage Risk Distribution of Houses by predominant Materials of Roof and wall and level of Damage Risk State: HIMACHAL PRADESH district: MANDI Census Houses Level of Risk under EQ Zone wind Velocity m/s Flood prone Wall/Roof No. Of Area in % % 55 & 44 Houses v Iv Iii Ii &39 Area in % Area in % WALL Rural 63, A Mud Un-burnt Urban 2, Bricks wall total 65, VH H M Rural 259, A2. Stone Wall Urban 7,99.9 total 266, VH H L Total Category A 332, Rural 24, B. Burnt Bricks Urban, wall total 35, H M L Total Category B ,945 33

35 C Concrete Wall C2. Wood wall Rural Urban total Rural Urban total Total Category c X. other Materials Rural Urban total Total Category X TOTAL BUILDINGS ROOF 2,87 3,055 5,926 5, ,726,652 2, ,835 2,835 M L VL M L M M VL M M M H H M L 382,844 Rural 37,939 Urban 5,263 total 43,202 Rural 2,48,366 R2. Light Weight Urban 4,590 Sloping total 252,956 Rural 7,389 R3. Light Weight Urban 5,297 Sloping Roof total 86,686 TOTAL BULDINGS 382,844 R. Light Weight Sloping Roof Damage Risk as per that for the Wall supporting it Probable Maximum Precipitation at a Station of the district in 24 hrs. is 600 mm Housing Category: Wall Types, Housing Category: Roof Type Category- A: Buildings in field store rural structures Category R- Light Weight (Grass, Thatch, un-burnt brick houses, clay houses Bamboo, Wood, Plastic, Polythene, Category-: B Ordinary brick building; building of the large block & prefabricated GI Metal, Asbestos Sheets, Other Materials) Category- C: Reinforced building, well-built wooden structures. Category-R3-Flat Roof (Brick, stone, Concrete) Category-: other materials not covered in A, B, C. these are generally light. Q Zone V: Very High Damage Risk Zone (MSK > IX) Notes: Flood prone area includes that protected area which may have more severe EQ zone IV: High Damage Risk Zone (MSK VIIII) Damage under failure of protection works. In some other areas EQ zone III: Moderate Damage Risk the local zone (MSK VII) Damage may be severe under heavy rains and chocked drainage. EQ zone II: Moderate Damage Risk (MSK VI) 2. Damage Risk for wall types is indicated assuming heavy flat roof level of risk: VH= very High; H=High; In categories A, B and C (Reinforced Concrete) building, M=Moderate; L= Law; VL = very Low 3. Source of housing Date: Census of housing, GOL, 200 a) Social Vulnerability Mandi has a population of almost 0 lakhs ( 999,777), out of which 49.8% are male and 50.% female. The district is facing a decrease in the population growth. The growth for the period 200 to 20 was 6.0%, whereas for the period 200 to 20, it is 0.92%. The majority of the population lives in the rural area 84.37% and the scheduled caste population represent 6.3% of the total. The sex ratio (per 000) as per the census 200 to 20, decreased from 03 (in 200) to 007 (in 20), and the child sex ratio (0-6 age) remains almost the same, from 98 in 200 to 96 in 20. When it comes to literacy, it is fairly high, 8.53 %, (89.56% literate male and 73.67% literate female). It is worth emphasizing that the female literacy increased more than 0% from 200 to 20, thus it represents a great achievement of the district. 34

36 b) Structural and Economic Vulnerability All the villages in Mandi had safe drinking water facilities, which is a very important health and economical figure in the district. Additionally, electricity was available in all the villages. In Mandi, when it comes to the age distribution, 60.32% of the total population are the working age population (i.e years), which revealed a strength for the economy of the district. Besides that, the majority of the population of the district is living in rural areas and agriculture is the main occupation to develop the economic background of the people. c) Vulnerable groups Following is a summary of the vulnerability factors economical, infrastructure and social along with the respective vulnerable groups. In Mandi, the percentage of households holding below poverty line (BPL) ration cards in Mandi is 20.06%, which highlights the vulnerable situation of the district. Table 2.7: summary of the vulnerability factors Vulnerability Factors Vulnerable Groups Economic Vulnerability BPL families, small and marginal farmers and migrant workers Infrastructure Vulnerability mud wall houses, community structure, river embankment, forests Social Vulnerability SC/ST family, aged men and women, disabled persons, pregnant and lactating mothers, children, sick persons. Environmental Vulnerability: Due to urbanization and limited livelihood opportunities in the rural areas, people are migrating to urban areas creating additional pressure on the limited resources. These altogether form the key reasons for exploitation of the available resources, deforestation, unplanned development and various other related aftereffects including environmental degradation & risk of increasing man-made & humaninduced disasters like accidents, industrial/ chemical disasters etc. Technological Vulnerability: There is lack of proper and effective technology to forecast, monitor and disseminate early warning information of onset of any threatening event in the district. This increases the risk of people living in vulnerable areas. Besides, lack of appropriate technology and information also resists the capacity of the district to mitigate the risk. Vulnerability due to Climate: The poor, marginal and farmers are vulnerable to seasonal hazards like heat waves, cold waves and seasonal flooding. The sudden onset of monsoon and heavy rainfall not only damages the standing crops but also takes lives of the people and livestock. On the other hand, some parts of the district face drought due to deficient rains. 2.8 Disability Data of District Mandi As per 20 Census, there are,55,36 Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Himachal Pradesh, in which 25,92 Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Mandi District which constitutes approximately 6.5% of the total Persons with Disabilities population of Himachal Pradesh. The data includes all the categories of persons with 35

37 impairment irrespective of degree of impairment. Out of these 24,57 live in rural areas while 350 are residents of towns/cities. There are 4,80 males and,74 females in the District who are having special needs. Table 2.8: Disability Data of Mandi District Total number of disabled persons Himachal Pradesh Mandi Urban Rural Persons Males Females (Source: - Census of India, 20) 2.9 Sub divisional-wise hazards vulnerability In order to have a sub divisional analysis of the district the participants were asked to rank the blocks in four categories against specific hazards, followed by a group discussion. The categories of vulnerability set for the exercise were: very high, high, medium, and low. The assessment and discussion were on the basis of four indicators: frequency of hazard, probability of occurrence, area of impact, and Pattern of impact (i.e. intensity, severity). Table 2.9: Analysis of Disaster in the district Sub divisions Flood Earth Quake Sadar Medium High Sarkaghat Medium High Sunder Nagar Medium High Karsog, Medium High Gohar, Medium High Joginder nagar Medium High Dharmpur High High Balh Medium High Janjehli Medium High Padhar Medium High Cold waves Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Medium High Medium Medium Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal High Medium Heat waves Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Drought High Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High Medium Medium Medium Epidemic Low/ Seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Low/ seasonal Road accident Lightning High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low 2.0 Capacity Analysis: The district has got number of resources and capacities which are useful in emergency as well as normal situations. The capacity analysis of the district to deal with various disasters is discussed below: 36

38 2.0. Resources/capacities available in the district with different departments/agencies. Government Workforce: Every department has nominated their Nodal Officer for the Disaster Management and the resource inventory is updated under the guidance of Nodal Officer. This workforce can act as a resource for disaster management in the district. However, these resources require adequate training to be able to respond effectively. Fire Services and Home Guards: Home Guards and Fire Services will be assigned an effective role in the field of disaster management. They will be deployed for community preparedness, conduct of mock drill and public awareness. A culture of voluntary reporting to duty stations in the event of any disaster will be promoted. The Fire Services upgraded to acquire multi-hazard rescue capability. The existing set up of these services would be strengthened to take up the new role more effectively. Fire Station: To deal with the fire incidents in the district Mandi there are fire service station at Mandi which has the manpower of 59 personals, which includes 6drivers and 0vehicles. The fleet of fire brigade has 5 vehicles which include: Table 2.20: Details of fire tenders in the district Fire Voguer 2 Water Tenders 3 Advance Fire Tender 3 Small Water tender 4 Quick Response Vehicle (QRV) 3 Home Guard Network: In case of major incidents Home Guards will be pressed in to service to support the civil administration to respond to emergencies. Presently the strength of f home guards in the district is 876. Nos. However, these resources require adequate training to be able to respond effectively Table 2.2: Details of Home Guard 6m Bn, District Mandi s. no Name of Company in district mandi Total. 6/- Company Mandi /2- M Company Mandi /3- Company Joginder Nagar /4- Company Thunag /5- Company Sarkaghat /6- Company /7- Company Sunder Nagar /8- Company Gohar /9- T Platoon 22 Total:

39 Police and Stations Details: District Mandi has one Police training center at pandoh and Resources Such as Wireless and VHF are available with department. The total strength of police force in the district and the break-up of the same are given as under: Table 2.22: Details of the police stations and their contact numbers and disaggregated data (Position wise) of the force are provided below: Police Staff Number SP to DSP 07 ASI and above 07 Head Constables 57 Constables 628 Cook 0 Other staff (Technical) Govt & other - 2 Table: 2.23: List of police Stations List of the Police Station of Mandi Sr. No. Name of Police Station Contact Number. Aut Balh Bsl Colony Sundernagar Gohar Joginder Nagar Karsog Padhar Sadar Mandi Sarkaghat Sunder Nagar The Police will help in maintaining law and order and security. In addition, it may support the search and rescue operations. However, these resources require adequate training to be able to respond effectively. Medical Facilities in district Mandi: Detailed list of resources available in terms of Primary Health Centres, Community Health Centres, Ayurvedic Hospitals, Contact no of respective hospitals, Number of doctors in each health centres, no. of hospital staff, no of beds available in each hospital, list of available resources (Stretcher, first aid kit, wheel chair, Oxygen cylinder with trolley, body trolley, X-ray machine etc.) and other list like detail of blood banks, no of laboratories & age of the building are provided below: 38

40 Table: 2.24: Medical Facilities including resources in district Mandi. Resource Quantity Civil Hospital 09 Community Health Centre 3 Primary Health Centre 74 Health Sub Centre, 33 Ayurvedic Hospital, 02 Ayurvedic center, 64 Leprosy Sub-Centre/Lab 24 Dental Laboratory 5 X-Ray Laboratory 20 Delivery and Child welfare, 08 Allopathic Doctors 35 AyurVedic Doctors 58 Nurses 572 ASHAs 247 AWWs 3004 Sl. No Particulars of Institutions Beds Beds Sanctioned In-Position urban Mandi Urban Sundernagar Sundernagar Urban 00 Gopalpur Sarkaghat Urban Darang Joginder Nagar Urban Darang Darang Rural Block Tehsil Area Balh Balh Mandi Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri. Govt, Medical College Ner Chowk 2. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Zonal Hospital, Mandi 3. Civil Hospital, Sunder-nagar 4. Civil Hospital, Sarkaghat Civil Hospital, Joginder Nagar 6. Civil Hospital, Padhar 7. Civil Hospital, Karsog Karsog Karsog Rural Civil Hospital, Sandhol Dharampur Dharampur Rural 50 6 Civil Hospital, Gohar Chachiyot Nachan Rural Civil Hospital, Kolti Kolti Balh Rural Civil Hospital, Ratti Ratti Balh Rural

41 Sl. Beds Beds Sanctioned In-Position Rural 6 6 Sarkaghat Rural Mandi Sadar Mandi adarr Rural 6 6 C.H.C, Nagwain Mandi Sadar Mandi Sadar Rural C.H.C, Barot Padhar Padhar Rural C.H.C, Ladbharol Chauntra Ladbharol Rural C.H.C, Bagsaid Gohar Chachyot Rural C.H.C, Dharampur Dharampur Dharampur Rural C.H.C, Mandap Dharampur Sarkaghat Rural C.H.C, Janjehli Seraj Chachyot Rural 6 6. C.H.C, Dehar Sunder nagar Sunder nagar Rural C.H.C, Rohanda Sunder nagar Sunder nagar Rural C.H.C, Nihari Karsog Nihari Rural 6 2 Particulars of Institutions Block Tehsil Area. C.H.C, Rewalsar Rewalsar Kotli 2. C.H.C, Baldwara Gopalpur 3. C.H.C, Kataula 4. No TABLE 2.25: LIST OF PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE IN MANDI. S.No Particulars of Institutions Block No of unit BAGSAID 4 2 BALDWARA 9 3. JANJELHI 0 4. KATULA 6 KARSOG 8 KOTLI 6 LADBHAROL 4 8. PADHAR 6 9. RATTI 4 0. ROHANDA 9. SIDHYANI PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE IN MANDI 2. Other available resources in the district: Power Projects The district has also some presence of the power projects spread out in the entire main river and in the basins of tributaries. The project management has trained manpower and has machinery and equipment too to deal with emergencies. These resources can be requisitioned by the district administration during emergencies. The Pandoh Dam is an embankment dam on the Beas River in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, India. Under the Beas Project, t it diverts the waters of the Beas to the southwest through a 40

42 38 km (24 mi) long system of tunnels and channels. The water is used for power generation at the Dehar Power House before being discharged into the Sutlej River, connecting both rivers. Second hydro power project namely NTPC Koldam is constructed upstream of Bhakra dam on river Satluj. The third dam is Larji Hydroelectric Power Project India is located at Upstream of Beas Dam, Mandi. CBOs and NGOs There are not many NGOs working in the district. How ever many communities based organisations are in existence. Their training and orientation has not been done. However, their networking and orientation in DM is under way. The list of NGOs/CBOs working in the district is attached as an in annexure. Landing Sites The list of helipads / landing sites which can be of immense help in disaster is given below. However, non-availability of re-fueling facility in the area may hinder the smooth operations of air relief operations. Table 2.26: The list of helipads / landing sites which can be of immense help in disaster is given below No. Name of Helipad/Station Latitude Longitude REF JUNJAIL A.006/24 2 KARSOG A.0/7 3 MANDI A.34/4 4 PANDOH A.350/35 5 PRASHAR LAKE SARKAGHAT SUDHAR SUNDERNAGAR KANGU THACHI BATAIL DHARAMPUR MANDI KAW KARSOG JANJEHLI 33.3N 77.30E 5 BASA 3.35N 77.2E 6 SHIKARI DEVI 3.29N 77.0E 7 JOGINDERNAGAR (DOHAG) GOVT. POLY. TECH. COLLEGE GROUND SUNDERNAGAR GSSS KARSOG ( MUMAIL) A.326/4 A.329/28 4

43 2.2 Critical Gaps and challenges A capacity gap analysis was conducted during preparation of present DDMP and reviewing the previous DDMP of Mandi Based on desk review, consultations and discussion among the participants. The following gaps were identified and further revised and updated in later sections of present DDMP. (a) Connectivity and terrain of the district. (b) Lack of specialized SAR equipment and capabilities within the district. (c) Inadequate awareness among various stakeholders. (d) Inadequate clarity of roles of various departments and stakeholders. (e) DRR not fully integrated into development planning, schemes, and programmes. (f) Hospital and schools not fully prepared to deal with disasters. (g) Only one fire station for the entire district. (h) Substantial infrastructure has come along the major river courses of the district making them vulnerable to flash floods. (i) Low penetration of insurance and risk transfer etc. (j) The EWS in the district is not adequate and there is hardly any mechanism to communicate the EW to the vulnerable community. (k) The district control room is not adequately equipped without adequate trained human resource Table 2.27: Risk matrix of the district Elements Degree of Vulnerability to Various Hazard Earth Land Flash Quake Slide Floods/ Community High High High Infrastructure High High Houses High High High High Low Low High High at Risk Social infrastructure Livelihood Sector Environment Forest Domestic Dam Road Fires Fires Failure Accidents Moderate High Moderate Nil High High Moderate Moderate Moderate Nil Low High Nil Low Moderate Nil Nil Moderate Low Low Nil High Moderate High Low Nil Nil High Nil Low Moderat e Moderat e High Drought High Very High 42

44 Table 2.28: Hazard/ Risk Assessment of Mandi District (V= Vulnerability, P= Probability of occurrence, R=Rating, H=High, M=Medium, L=Low) Hazard Definition Earthquake The sudden motion or trembling of the ground produced by abrupt displacement of rock material, usually within the upper 0-20 miles of the earth s surface Landslides The downward and outward movement of slope-forming materials reacting to the force of gravity. The term landslide is generalized and includes rockfalls, rockslides, block glide, debris slide, earth flow, mud flow, slump, and other such terms that describe mass wasting. Flood A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation on normally dry land from the Riverine flooding due to high rainfall or fluctuating lake levels Why Selected Road Accidents Road accidents occurs due to drivers negligence and other reasons Major Earthquakes in the past Zone V and Zone IV Highly Populated district Who/What at risk Human Life, Cattle Life, Kutcha and Pacca Houses, Community Infrastructure Public Infrastructure Critical and Life Line Buildings P (R) V (R) Rank (PxV) Very High (3) H (3) 9 In monsoon small Landslides are very common and the chances of Major Landslide remains high due to geology. Potential for major damages to Roads and Bridges Human Life, Kutcha and Pacca Houses, Community/ Public Infrastructure road bridges and dams Very High (3) H (3) 9 Past occurrences of severe riverine flooding, High losses from previous floods. Dam maintenance & Land slide / earthquake could lead to dam failure. Agriculture crops, Transport, Houses (Mostly Kacha houses in rural area), Constructions, Drinking Water, Cattle, Irrigation equipment, Educational Institutes, High (2) M (2) 6 As per topology of district the road accidents are common Limited width and roads lead to traffic Loss due to Road Accidents is very high Pedestrian, Tourists, Drivers, Buses etc Very High (3) M (2) 6 43

45 Forest/ Wild/ House Fire A forest/wildfire is an uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or a wilderness or forest area, sometimes in close proximity to development. Drought A prolonged period with no rain, particularly during the planting and growing season in agricultural areas. Climate Change Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) Emergency related to Chemical, Biological, and Radiological materials History of previous occurrences, Potential for loss of life Research analysis as discussed in Hazard section Potential for Social environmental impacts History of previous occurrences Importance of large water users and agriculture to the district economy Annual rise in temperature Impact on Horticulture and Agriculture Changes in the Seasons and rainfall. Use of Chemicals in Industries and their transportation Human Life, Cattle Life, Houses and Property High (3) M (2) 6 Crops, Drinking Water, Livelihood Options Mediu m (2) L () 2 Economy, Environment, Cattle life, Crops Low () L () Human Life, Environment & EcoSystem, Economy Low () H () 44

46 Chapter 03: Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management 3. Introduction India has integrated administrative machinery for management of disasters at the National, State, District and Sub-District levels. The Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DM Act, 2005) lays down institutional and coordination mechanisms for effective disaster management (DM) at the national, state, and district levels. Most of the disaster situation is to be managed at State and District levels. The centre plays a supporting role and provides assistance when the consequences of disaster exceed district and State capacities. The centre mobilizes support in terms of providing emergency teams, support personnel, specialized equipments and operating facilities depending on the scale of the disaster and the need of the State and District. Active assistance to an affected State/District would be provided only after the declaration of a national level disaster, the national response mechanism has to be prepared and any impending State or District disaster has to be impending State or District disaster has to be monitored in order to provide immediate assistance whenever required. The Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DM Act, 2005) lays down institutional and coordination mechanisms for effective disaster management (DM) at the national, state, and district levels. These institutions are not parallel structures and will work in close harmony. The institutional mechanism will facilitate the predefine roles and responsibilities to the designees accountable for disaster management at various levels as displayed in following figures and tables. As mandated by this Act, the Government of India (GoI) created a multi-tiered institutional system consisting of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister, the State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) by the Chief Ministers and the District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) by the District Collectors and co-chaired by elected representatives of the local authorities of the respective districts. These bodies have been set up to facilitate the paradigm shift from the hitherto relief-centric approach to a more proactive, holistic and integrated approach of strengthening disaster preparedness, mitigation and emergency response. (Source NDMA guidelines) 3.. Institutional Arrangements at National Level 3.. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) At the national level, the Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal Ministry for all matters concerning disaster management. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has been constituted for better coordination of disaster management at national level under the Disaster Management Act, The Prime Minister of India is the Chairperson of National Authority. This is a multi-disciplinary body with nodal officers from all concerned Ministries/ Departments/ Organizations. Apart from these developments, the Government of India has its National Contingency Action Plan prepared by the nodal ministry of Disaster Management. A National Emergency Operations Center (NEOC) has been started functioning in the Ministry of Home Affairs with all sophisticated equipment s with most modern technology for disaster management. 45

47 Figure 3. & 3.2: Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management 46

48 Table 3.: Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management & Roles & responsibilities Agencies Departments Roles & responsibilities Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) Prime Minister, Minister of Defence, Minister of Finance, Minister of Home // External Affairs National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC) Cabinet Secretary Secretaries of Ministries Dept and agencies with specific DM responsibilities National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) Prime Minister Members (not exceeding nine, nominated by the Chairperson) National Executive Committee (NEC) Union Home Secretary Secretaries to the GOI in the Ministries/ Departments of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water and sanitation, Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Finance (Expenditure), health and Family Welfare, Power, Rural Development, Science and Technology, Space, Telecommunications, Urban Development, Water Resources, River development The Chief of the Integrated Defence Staff of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, ex Officio as members. Secretaries in the Ministry of External Affairs, Earth Sciences, Human Resource Development, Mines, Shipping, Road Transport and Highways & Secretary, NDMA are special invitees to the Meetings of the NEC. Evaluation from a national security perspective, if an incident has potentially security implications. Oversee all aspects of preparedness, mitigation and management of CBRN emergencies and of disasters with security implications Review risks of CBRN emergencies from time to time, giving directions for measures considered necessary for disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness and effective response Oversee the Command, Control and Coordination of the disaster response. Give direction to the Crisis Management Group as deemed necessary Give direction for specific actions to face crisis situations Lay down policies, plans and guidelines for disaster management Coordinate their enforcement and implementation throughout the country Approve the NDMP and the DM plans of the respective Ministries and Departments of Government of India Lay down guidelines for disaster management to be followed by the different Central Ministries,/Departments and the State Governments To assist the NDMA in the discharge of its functions; Preparation of the National Plan. Coordinate and monitor the implementation of the National Policy. Monitor the implementation of the National Plan and the plans prepared by the Ministries or Departments of the Government of India. Direct any department or agency of the Govt. to make available to the NDMA or SDMAs such men, material or resources as are available with it for the purpose of emergency response, rescue and relief. Ensure compliance of the directions issued by the Central Government, Coordinate response in the event of any Threatening disaster situation or disaster. Direct the relevant Ministries / Departments of the GoI, the State Governments and the SDMAs regarding measures to be taken in response to any specific threatening disaster situation or disaster. Coordinate with relevant Central Ministries/ Departments / Agencies which are expected to provide assistance to the affected State as per Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Coordinate with the Armed Forces, Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF), the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and other uniformed services which comprise the GoI s Response to aid the State authorities. Coordinate with India Meteorological Department (IMD) and a number of other specialised scientific institutions which constitute key early warning and monitoring agencies. Coordinate with Civil Defence volunteers, home guards and fire services, through the relevant administrative departments of the State Governments 47

49 National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) Specially trained force headed by a Director General Structured like Para military forces for rapid deployment Provide assistance to the relevant State Government/District Administration in the event of an imminent hazard event or in its aftermath. NDRF Battalion located at Nurpur, District Kangra, HP and Bhatinda, Punjab have been given the responsibility for deployment in Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) Union Home Minister; Vice Chairman, NDMA; Members including Secretaries of various nodal Ministries and Departments of Government of India and State Governments and heads of national levels scientific, research and technical organizations, besides eminent scholars, scientists and practitioners. Human resource development and capacity building for disaster management within the broad policies and guidelines laid down by the NDMA Design, develop and implement training Programmes Undertake research. Formulate and implement a comprehensive human resource development plan Provide assistance in national policy formulation, assist other research and training institutes, state governments and other organizations for successfully discharging their responsibilities Develop educational materials for dissemination Promote awareness generation. From time to time, the central government notifies hazard-specific nodal ministries to function as the lead agency in managing particular types of disasters (see Table for current list of disaster specific nodal ministries notified by GoI). Table 3.2: Nodal Ministry for Management / Mitigation of Different Disasters Disaster Nodal Ministry/ Department ) Biological Min. of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) 2) Chemical and Industrial Min. of Environment, Forest sand Climate Change (MoEFCC) 3) Civil Aviation Accidents Min. of Civil Aviation (MoCA) 4) Cyclone/Tornado Min. of Earth Sciences (MoES) 5) Tsunami Min. of Earth Sciences (MoES) 6) Drought/Hailstorm/Cold Wave & Min. of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (MoAFW) Frost/Pest Attack 7) Earthquake Min. of Earth Sciences (MoES) 8) Flood Min. of Water Resources (MoWR) 9) Forest Fire Min. of Environment, Forest sand Climate Change (MoEFCC) 0) Landslides Min. of Mines (MoM) ) Avalanche Min. of Defence (MoD) 2) Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies Dept. of Atomic Energy (DAE) 3) Rail Accidents Rail Accidents Min. of Railways (MoR) 4) Road Accidents Min. of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) 5) Urban Floods Min. of Urban Development (MoUD) 48

50 3.2. Institutional Structure at State Level At the State level, the State Disaster Management Authority constituted under the chairmanship of the Chief Minister and has the responsibility of planning, policies, plans and guidelines for DM and coordinating their implementation for ensuring timely, effective and coordinated response to disasters. The Chief Secretary is the Chief Executive Officer of the SDMA. Besides, the SDMA has seven other members. The SDMA will, inter alia approve the State Plan in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the NDMA, approve DMPs prepared by the departments of the State Government, lay down guidelines to be followed by the departments of the Government of the State for the purpose of integration of measures for prevention of disasters and mitigation in their development plans and projects, coordinate the implementation of the State Plan, recommend provision of funds for mitigation, preparedness measures, review the developmental plans of the different Departments of the State to ensure the integration of prevention, preparedness and mitigation measures and review the measures being taken for mitigation, capacity building and preparedness by the departments. The State Authority shall lay down detailed guidelines for providing standards of relief to persons affected by disaster in the State. The State Executive Committee (SEC) headed by the Chief Secretary and four other Secretaries as its members shall be there to assist the SDMA in the performance of its functions. The SEC will further provide necessary technical assistance or give advice to District Authorities and local authorities for carrying out their functions effectively, advise the State Government regarding all financial matters in relation to disaster management, examine the construction, in any local area in the State and, if it is of the opinion that the standards laid for such construction for the prevention of disaster is not being or has not been followed, may direct the District Authority or the local authority, as the case may be, to take such action as may be necessary to secure compliance of such standards, lay down, review and update State level response plans and guidelines and ensure that the district level plans are prepared, reviewed and updated, ensure that communication systems are in order and the disaster management drills are carried out periodically. The SEC will also provide information to the NDMA relating to different aspects of DM. Figure 3.3: Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management at state level. 49

51 Table 3.3: Members of State Disaster Management Authority. Hon ble Chief Minister Chairman 2. Hon ble Revenue Minister Member 3. Chief Secretary Chief Executive Officer, ex officio 4. ACS cum FC (Revenue) Member 5. Principal Secretary (Home) Member 6. Principal Secretary (PWD/I&PH) Member 7. Principal Secretary (Health) Member 8. Director General of Police Member 9. Secretary (Revenue) Member Secretary 3.2. State Disaster Advisory Committee In continuation to this the chairperson of Himachal Pradesh State Disaster Management Authority has nominated the following official/non official experts as members of the Advisory Committee to assist the Authority and to make recommendations of different aspects of Disaster Management. As per notification of Department of Revenue (DM Cell) letter no. Rev. (DMC) (F) -29/20 dated 27th December 20the advisory committee constituted for HPSDMA is as below: Table 3.4: Advisory committee constituted for HPSDMA Sources: HPSDMA Website 50

52 SDMA Roles and Responsibilities As per Section (8) of Disaster Management Act 2005, SDMA has been designated by certain Roles and Responsibilities: It has the responsibility for laying down policies and plans for disaster management within the State. Approve the disaster management plans prepared by the departments of the Government of the State. Lay down guidelines to be followed by the departments of the Government of the State for the purposes of integration of measures for prevention of disasters and mitigation in their development plans and projects and provide necessary technical assistance. Therefore, Coordinate the implementation of the State Plan. Recommend provision of funds for mitigation and preparedness measures. Review the development plans of the different departments of the State and ensure that prevention and mitigation measures are integrated therein. Review the measures being taken for mitigation, capacity building and preparedness by the departments of the government of the State and issue such guidelines as may be necessary State Crisis Management Group The crisis management group at State and districts level has been constituted for the State. The State Crisis Management Group (SCMG) is headed by the Chief Secretary. The SCMG shall normally handle all crisis situation and advice and guide the District Crisis Management Group (DCMG) also. The DCMG is headed by the District Magistrate and is responsible for on -scene management of the incident emergency The State Crisis Management Group s function is; a) To create a dedicated body that will assess, plan and implement the vital aspects of disaster management (Prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response); b) To ensure smooth coordination between Central and State Governments in the event of a disaster. c) To create a unified command, control and co-ordination structure for disaster management, integrating the various wings and agencies of government that are necessary for emergency response, as well as for preparedness, mitigation and prevention activities State Emergency Control Room/Himachal Pradesh State Disaster Management Authority There is a State Emergency Control Room in the HP Secretariat, Chotta Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 700 to provide Secretarial support to the Himachal Pradesh State Disaster Management Authority and also facilitate the functioning of the Authority. 070 is the Helpline Line No. of State Emergency Control room which is operational 24 x 7. This Control Room will receive the information from various sources. It shall be in constant contact with the District Disaster Control Rooms, Police Control Rooms. The State Emergency Control Room will receive the information, record it properly and put up to the State Disaster Management Authority instantly. Similarly, the instructions passed by the State Authority shall be conveyed to the addressees and a record maintained to that effect. The Himachal Pradesh State Disaster Management Authority is involved in the Management of large scale Disasters. The Divisional Commissioner in consultation with other members of the Authority shall decide its involvement after the receipt of the report from the Deputy Commissioner of the Districts. NDRF Battalion located at Nurpur, District Kangra, HP and Bhatinda, Punjab have been given the responsibility for deployment in Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. Contact Details of NDRF have been given in Annexure. Sample format for requisitioning of NDRF is at Annexure. 5

53 Table 3.5: Nodal Ministry and Departments for Management / Mitigation of Different Disasters Water and Climate Related Disasters.Floods Department of IPH IMD, CWC, ES&T 2.Hailstorm Department of Agriculture and IMD, Home, insurance and Revenue Horticulture 3.Cloud Burst Department of I and PH IMD, CWC, ES&T, Revenue 4.Heat Wave & Department of Revenue IMD, ADMN, forest, Health Snow and Avalanche Study Tribal Admin, IMD, Health, Home and Establishment (SASE), Manali Revenue, Mountaineering Institute/S&T/GSI Cold Wave 5.Snow Avalanches (DRDO)/Deptt. of Home/ ES&T 6.Droughts Department of Agriculture/IPH IMD, Revenue, RD, Nauni and Palampur universities/ Department of Land records 7.Thunder and Department of Revenue IMD/ES&T Lightning Geology Related Disasters 8.Landslides and Geological Wing of Department GSI,CRRI, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Wadia Mudflows of Industries, PWD, BRO & UD Institute of Geology, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology 9.Earthquakes Department of Environment, Science IMD, Ministry of Earth Sciences/GSI and Technology Chemical and industrial disaster. Chemical and Department of industries/ Department HPSEB, Department Of labour & employment, Industrial Disasters of labour and employment Home, Admin, DMI Bhopal, and NDRF Accident Related Disasters 2. Forest Fires Forest Department Fire Department, ES&T, Home and Admin 3. Urban Fires Department of Home(Fire) IPH, Health, Admin and Home 4. Major Building Department of UD PWD, Health, Home and Admin HPSEB/ MPP and Power Home, Health and Revenue Collapse 5.Electrical Disasters and Fires 3.3. Disaster Management Organizational Structure at District Level: At the district level, the Deputy Commissioner /District Magistrate will be the focal point for coordinating all activities relating to prevention, mitigation and preparedness apart from his existing responsibilities pertaining to response and relief. 52

54 3.3. District Level Mechanism in Mandi District: At District level, District Disaster Management Authority has been constituted under the notification of The Disaster Management Act The power of sanction of relief is also vested with the officials of revenue department at different level depending upon the need. The Deputy Commissioner/District Magistrate ensures participation of district and state government in the response and recovery phase District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) As per The Disaster Management Act 2005, each district has established a District Disaster Management Authority. The District Authority shall consist of the Chairperson and such number of other members, not exceeding seven, as may be prescribed by the State Government, and unless the rules otherwise provide, it shall consist of the following, namely: Table 3.6: The DDMA for the district has been notified on as under i. Deputy Commissioner Chairperson, ex officio ii. Elected Representative Co-Chairperson, ex officio; iii. Superintendent of Police Member iv. Chief Medical Officer Member v. Superintendent Engineer (I & PH) Member vi. Superintendent Engineer (PWD) Member vii. Chairman Zila Parishad Member/ Additional District Magistrate Chief Executive Officer, ex officio The District Authority shall act as the district planning; coordinating and implementing body for disaster management and take all measures for the purposes of disaster management in the district in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the National Authority and the State Authority and The roles and responsibilities of the DDMA have been elaborated in Section 30 of the DM Act, DDMA Roles and Responsibilities The roles and responsibilities of the DDMA have been elaborated in Section 30 of the DM Act, It will, internal perform the following roles and duties as per the act: I. Prepare, Coordinate and monitor a disaster management plan including district response plan for the district; II. Ensure that the areas in the district vulnerable to disasters are identified and measures for the prevention of disasters and the mitigation of its effects are undertaken by the departments of the Government at the district level as well as by the local authorities; III. Ensure that the guidelines for prevention of disasters, mitigation of its effects, preparedness and response measures as laid down by the National Authority and State Authority are followed by all the departments of Government at the district level and by the local authorities in the district; 53

55 IV. Review the state of capabilities for responding to any disaster or threatening disastrous situation in the district and give directions to the relevant departments or authorities for their up gradation as may be necessary; V. Set up, maintain, review and upgrade the mechanism for early warnings and dissemination of proper information to public; VI. Ensure that the Departments of the Government at the district level and the local authorities prepare their response plans in accordance with the district response plan; VII. Lay down guidelines for, or give direction to, the concerned Department of the Government at the district level or any other authorities within the local limits of the district to take measures to respond effectively to any threatening disaster situation or disaster; VIII. Advise, assist and coordinate the activities of the Departments of the Government at the district level, statutory bodies and other governmental and non-governmental organizations in the district engaged in the disaster management; IX. Review development plans prepared by the Departments of the Government at the district level, statutory authorities or local authorities X. Identify buildings and places which could, in the event of any threatening disaster situation or disaster, be used as relief centers or camps and make arrangements for water supply and sanitation in such buildings or places; XI. Establish stockpiles of relief and rescue materials or ensure preparedness to make such materials available at a short notice; XII. Ensure communication systems are in order, and disaster management drills are carried out periodically; XIII. Perform such other functions as the State Government or State Authority may assign to it or as it deems necessary for disaster management in the district. District Emergency Operation Centre District Disaster Management Authority Sub Division Level Quick Response Team Emergency Support Functions Deputy commissioner Chairman and line departments are members SDM s as chairperson with officers of line department as members Team leaders of primary departments like health, police, fire, MCD, IPH, and HPPWD etc. Figure 3.4: Institutional Arrangements at District Level 54

56 3.4 Sub- Divisional Level Mechanism in Mandi District: There shall be a Sub- Divisional Response Team at each Sub- Division. Composition of the SRT and its functions will be similar to the District Disaster Management Committee to the extent feasible. The SubDivisional Response Team shall consist of the following: Table: 3.7: Members of Sub-Division Level - Disaster Management Committee S. No. Designation Members. Sub Divisional Magistrate Chairman 2. Block Medical Officer (Health) Member 3. SDPO Member 4. Executive Engineer, I & PH Member 5. Executive Engineer, HPPWD Member 6. Executive Engineer, (HPSEB) Member 7. Inspector, food Supply & Consumers Member 8. CDPO Member 9. BDOs Member 0. Divisional Forest officer Member. SDO (Telecommunication) Member 2. Tehsildar /Naib Tehsildar Member Non-official members: Pardhans Gram Panchayat / Pardhans Municipal Council / Nagar Panchayat. Re-preventatives of NGOs at Sub Division Level Elected representatives of the area Few prominent citizens. All concerned Heads of the Departments shall intimate the Sub-Divisional Magistrate of each Sub- Division the name and the designation of their authorized representative and whenever there is any change of personnel. The Sub-Divisional Magistrate shall intimate the composition to the Deputy Commissioner /District Magistrate. 3.5 Tehsil Level Disaster Management Committee Tehsil/Sub Tehsil Level Disaster Management Committee headed by Tehsildar/ Naib Tehsildar of the respective Tehsil/Sub Tehsil have been established in all Tehsils and Sub Tehsils of the District. The constitution of Tehsil/ Sub Tehsil Level Committees is as under: - 55

57 Table: 3.8: Members of Tehsil/ Sub-Tehsil Level - Disaster Management Committee SN Officer Position. Tehsildar/Naib Tehsildar Chairman 2. Medical Officer (Health) Member 3. SHO Member 4. Assistant Engineer, I & PH Member 5. Assistant Engineer, HPPWD Member 6. Assistant Engineer, (HPSEB) Member 7. Inspector, food Supply & Consumers Affairs Member 8. CDPO Member 9. Block Development Officer Member 0. Range Forest officer Member. Sub Divisional Officer (Telecommunication) Member 2. Office Kanungo Member 3.6 Village Disaster Management Committee (VDMC) VDMC taking into consideration disaster at grass root level would act locally supposed to report and take assistance with Block DM Committee. Consequently, Block DM Committee would acknowledge to District DM Committee. District DM Committee will facilitate to react accordingly below level committee and share the experiences and demand fund with State Disaster Management Committee. VDMC will make block disaster preparedness and mitigation plan. Each village shall have a Disaster Management Committee consisting of officials and non-officials. The Committee will be constituted to be overseen by the Gram Sabha. The Committee will broadly be responsible for awareness generation; Warning dissemination; Community preparedness plan. The members are: Table 3.9: Members of Village Disaster Management Committee (VDMC) SN Detail Pradhan Chair person 2 Panchayat Secretary Member 3 Principal (Education) Member 4 Health Worker Member 5 Anganwadi Worker Member 6 President Union / Association Member 7 Community Representative Member 8 Community Representative Member 9 Community Representative Member 0 Fair Price Shop Holder Member 56

58 Task Force at Block/ Village Level From Block Level onwards groups may be formed of volunteer basis at respective levels and for following tasks necessary trainings and resources shall be arranged with the support of district authority for carrying out the following task: Table 3.0: Task Force at Block/ Village Level Block level Warning Group - Warn the community of the impending danger. Task Force Rescue & Evacuation Group - To be put into task immediately after abatement of G.P. Level calamity. Task Force Water & Sanitation Group - Ensured safe drinking water in the shelter camps, MCS Village Level Task Force Shelter management Group -Shall remain overall charge of managing the evacuees in shelter camps. First AID & Medical Group - Shall take care of the minor elements in the rescue camp. Patrolling and Liaison Group - Shall watch & Word belongings of the inmates in the shelter camps & keep liaison with Govt. 3.7 District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC), Mandi District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC), Mandi has been established in Deputy Commissioner Office as per the directions received from Himachal Pradesh State Disaster Management Authority (HPSDMA), Shimla. The design, layout, equipment and operation of the DEOC, Mandi is as per the EOC Manual prepared at the State level. DEOC, Mandi has been equipped with all basic and advance communication and IT infrastructure e.g. EPBAX, Computers, LED sets, Telephone sets, Generator, emergency lights in ready-to-use mode. District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC) has been established in D.C. office, Mandi and for the smooth running and functioning of DEOC round the clock (24x7) 08 professional have been hired. 3.8 Role of Emergency Operation Centre in Normal Time The Deputy Commissioner of District Mandi is empowered to appoint an Administrative Officer as Officer-incharge of EOC. He will be responsible for the effective functioning of the EOC. Responsibilities of the EOC in charge in normal time Include. Ensure that all equipments in the EOC are in working condition; 2. Collection data on routine basis from line departments for disaster management 3. Develop status reports of preparedness and mitigation activities in the DDMP 4. Ensure appropriate implementation of District Disaster Management Plan 5. Maintenance of data bank with regular updating 6. Activate the trigger mechanism on receipt of disaster warning/occurrence of disaster 3.9 Role of Emergency Operation Centre during Disaster On the basis of the message received from the forecasting agencies, warning has to be issued for the general public and the departments, which play a vital role during emergencies. Issuing correct and timely warning would be one of the prime responsibilities of EOC. For effective dissemination of warning EOC should have a 57

59 well- planned line of communication. The DC shall be the competent authority to disseminate a disaster warning. The warning on occurrence of a disaster will also be communicated to:. All Emergency Support Functions 2. Members of DDMC-Mandi 3. Hospitals in the disaster area. 4. Office of Divisional Commissioner 5. State Relief Commissioner 6. Emergency Operation Centre in the neighboring districts 7. National/State Emergency Operation Centre 8. People s representatives from the district Apart from this the District Emergency Operation Centre must arrange desks for the Emergency Support Function in its complex for better coordination and help. Simultaneously the onsite EOCs are to be set up with the help of the district EOC. Further, the occurrence of the disaster would essentially bring into force the following: All district level staff from various departments, as required by the Collector, will be under the direction and control of the Responsible Officer. Theses would also include the district level staff. _ Industrial Safety & Health _ Health Department _ Red Cross Society _ Food & Supply _ Police _ Zila Parishad_ Municipal Authoritie Public Health_ PWD_ Transport Department_ Irrigation_ Fire brigade Department_ Telecommunication. The Responsible Officer may in case of large-scale disasters get in touch with the local Army/Navy/NDRF Battalion units for incidence response like rescue, evacuation and emergency relief measure. The Responsible Officer will have the authority to requisition resources, materials and equipments from private sector. The Responsible Officer will have power to direct the industry to activate their onsite plan and seek assistance, if required. The Responsible Officer will activate Response Plan with Operation Logistic and Planning Section desk arrangements and also authorize establishment of transit and/or relief camps, feeding centers and cattle camps through Operation and Logistic Section. The Responsible Officer will send the Preliminary Information Report and Action Taken Report. In the event of possibilities of disaster in adjoining districts, including those beyond the state borders, the Responsible Officer will issue the alert warning to the concerned district authorities Public-Private Partnership With the increasing incidents of disaster due to climatic changes, it has become almost a necessity to involve both the sectors and provide them with proper role and responsibilities within the disaster management system. They may be approached to adopt a Block or Gram Panchayat for the implementation of the programme and activities in their own way and with their inputs so that examples in better implementation in PPP mode can be set as an example for the system to emulate. The DDMA, Mandi is highly welcomed all private and public sector stakeholders for productive cooperation to make district Mandi as Disaster Resilience district. 3.. Forecasting and Early Warning Agencies Early Warning System is the crux of disaster preparedness and response. Since, its objective is risk reduction by 58

60 taking necessary precaution and action, earlier the warning is received, the better it is. For the EWS to be efficient and timely, it requires equally efficient backward linkages with instruments that become the basis for providing early warning. Apart from technological systems used for receiving early warning signal, community knowledge can also be utilised. The use of animal, birds and insects behaviors for hazard early warning is being researched even in developed countries where their particular behavior is associated to possibility of occurrence of disasters. Such community knowledge may be used for issuing warning message too. Below attached figure represent the process where early warning information is available and early warning information is not available. Figure 3.5: figure represent the process where early warning information is available The EOC would utilize the ICT tools and various other modes available for early transmission of early warning to the vulnerable groups and also activate the responders. The bulk group messaging services would also be utilized to alert the vulnerable groups and activate the SAR parties and all the responders. A model of early warning dissemination is given in figure above. The timely flow of early warning system from the source to the targeted stakeholder is very important. The dissemination of early warning should be institutionalized so that it reaches the stakeholders in minimum possible time by recognized means of communication. 59

61 Figure 3.6: Early Warning Information Is Available Figure3.7: Early Warning Information Is Not Available 60

62 Table 3.: Following are the Nodal agencies in the Government of India and in the state mandated for early warning of different natural hazards prevailing in the state of Himachal Pradesh Sr. No.. Hazard/Disaster Nodal Agency with online web pages address Contact Details Floods Central Water Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Shimla Zone , nic.in Geological Survey of India Fax; ; Mob: N- India Meteorological Department, S- SDMA/SEOC D- DDMA/ DEOC N / /Dehradhun , S / / ; mm_sandhu@yahoo.co.in D-077 (Fire) Landslides 3. Earthquake Hydrometeorological Droughts High Wind, Hailstorm, Heat Wave, Cold Wave and High Rainfall Forest Fire Forest Survey of India, Dehrdun Epidemics Health and Family Welfare Department CMO OFFICE: & 08 NAS Himachal Pradesh Police GVK-EMRI D- Hydo power project, , Human Induced Hazards Road accidents Dam / Reservoir 0. Burst 9. Table: 3.2 District Emergency Operation Centre of Other District Sr. No Distt Name Bilaspur Chamba Kullu Kangra Mandi Shimla Lahul-Spiti Hamirpur Sirmour Kinnaur Not In Use Solan Not In Use 2 Una

63 3.2 Trigger Mechanism As soon as Emergency Operation center gets information about occurrence of a disaster or impending disaster situation, the staff on duty in EOC will pass the information to the DC/RDC and seek his / her instructions for further actions. The staff on duty will also communicate the information to DDMA members, Emergency Support Functionaries-team leaders, major Hospitals and State Disaster Management Authority etc. The staff on duty will also be responsible to collect, collate and disseminate information pertaining to type, magnitude and location of the disaster and its impact in terms of losses caused to responsible authorities. The EOC in-charge will also inform all the details to Divisional Commissioner and State EOC. All the desk officer s/team leaders and Incident Response Team members will also be informed to immediately report at District EOC. Incident Response Team and Desk officials would respond as per their standard operating procedures and directions of Incident Commander(IC). 3.3 Incident Response System at District Mandi The response structure would be based on Incident Response System (IRS) as per the Guidelines issued by the NDMA. IRS is a standardized method of managing disasters onsite, which is flexible and adaptable to suit any scale of natural as well as human induced disasters. It consists of common terminology, organizational flexibility, specialized training, unity, chain of command and well-rehearsed coordination mechanism. The IRS system would work through various service divisions. The IRS system would contract and expand depending upon the nature and magnitude of emergency/disaster. At the district level, there will be one District Team with the primary function of assisting the deputy commissioner or in handling tasks like general co-ordination, distribution of relief materials, media management and the overall logistics. Suitable officers from the district administration will be carefully selected and professionally trained for the different IRS positions in order to constitute the District Level. The Incident Response System (IRS) at district level identifies and designates officers to perform various duties and get them trained in their respective roles; thus reducing chaos and confusion during the response phase. It is a flexible system and all the Sections, Branches and Units need not be activated at the same time. Various Sections, Branches and Units need to be activated only as and when they are required. It also includes proper documentation of various activities for better planning, accountability and analysis which also helps new/ outside responders to immediately get a comprehensive picture of the situation and go in for immediate action. A sample IRT framework is given in figure; The DDMA would also form IRTs for all divisions and notify them. All the functionaries of IRT and IRS would be trained to understand the IRS system. The response structure would run parallel from district on the basis of ESF plan (Annexure) for various departments. Table 3.3: Outline of Responsibility of Main Functionary of district Mandi for IRS Responsible Officer Primarily responsible for effective response Incident commander Overall In-charge of the Incident Response Team & its Effective Functioning. Operations Sections Direct & supervise all tactical actions. Planning Sections Collect/Analyse data, Workout need of required resources and prepare action plan for incident/disaster of the district mandi. Logistics & Finance Provide logistic support, procurement & cost accounting Section 62

64 Figure 3.8: The IRS training and constitution Incidence Response Teams (IRTs) for the district is in progress and the state is yet to notify district IRT 3.4 IRS: On site Action during Disasters: The following would be the broad guidelines for actions during disasters: a) Assess the full extent of the disaster/calamity and the damages/losses incurred b) Plan and supervise search and rescue operations c) Allocate clear responsibilities to the officers and provide them necessary resources along with necessary delegations and Mobilize resources from outside the district if the situation so warrants. d) Finalize the relief to be provided to the affected persons and ensure its timely distribution e) Document the disaster including the lessons learnt Last but not least, keeping informing the higher authorities about the whole incident. 63

65 Chapter 4: Prevention and Mitigation Measures 4.0 Introduction In disaster management cycle, prevention and mitigation are the two important stages before the occurrence of disaster. A better disaster management with minimum vulnerability is possible only by means of prevention and mitigation measures. The UNISDR defines Prevention as an "outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters" and mitigation as an action which leads to "lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. 4. The Legal Context for Prevention and Mitigation The Disaster Management Act of 2005 defines mitigation as measures aimed at reducing the risk and impact or effects of a disaster or threatening disaster situation. Under Section38 (2) (e) of the Act the State Government is to ensure that the integration of measures for prevention of disaster or mitigation have been incorporated by the departments of the Government of the State in their development plans and projects. The State Government is further to ensure integration of measures to reduce or mitigate the vulnerability of different parts of the State to different disasters in the state development plan {38(2) (f}. The Act also prescribes for preparation of District Plan and for incorporation of measures suggesting as to how mitigation shall be integrated into development plans and projects. The Act states that the DMPs shall prescribe the manner in which the mitigation measures shall be integrated with the development plans and projects. 4.2 Aims and Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation Measures To reduce disaster losses by helping vulnerable communities recognize their risk and the methods to manage it. To identify and promote strategies, potential practices and programs that support comprehensive school safety. To educate communities and organize various kinds of awareness raising and training programmes regarding natural hazards and possible preparedness measures. To promote disaster safety in communities by developing awareness generation materials. To assist in building a safer and disaster resilient India by partnering with the Government in developing holistic, pro-active, multi-disaster and technology-driven strategies for disaster risk reduction through collective efforts of all Government agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations 4.3. Prevention and Mitigation Plan: For disaster prevention and mitigation, both structural and non-structural interventions can be planned. Structural interventions include construction of physical engineering and non-engineering structures to reduce hazard risks. Nonstructural mitigation includes awareness and capacity building at official and community level, formulation of new plans and overall promoting a commitment for safety. 64

66 The aim of mitigation strategy is to reduce the losses in the event of a future occurrence of a hazard turning into a disaster. In view of the perceived risk and the vulnerabilities within the District, the mitigation measures can be purposed into seven major groups:. Risk assessment. 2. Construction 3. Repair and maintenance. 4. Land use planning and regulations. 5. Training and capacity building. 6. Resources for mitigation 7. Research and Technology used. 4.4 Types of Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures can be divided in two categories:. Structural measures: On site works, construction, and engineering works and 2. Non-structural measures: Which include studies, research, regulations, policy changes and capacity building activities that support the structural measures Mitigation efforts are also undertaken at the personal levels by involving assessment of possible risks to personal / family health and property. Thus, adverse effects of disasters can be minimized if mitigation policies, plans, and projects undertaken are implemented with risk perception and strong political will. Structural mitigation refers to any physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards, which include engineering measures and construction of hazard-resistant and protective structures and infrastructure like building codes, retrofitting of buildings, lifelines and infrastructure to withstand any hazard, relocation etc. Hazard-specific Structural Table 4.: Following are some of the measures with regards to some major Hazards that occur within Mandi District Hazard Earth Quake Flood Structural measure Seismic strengthening of existing structures. Prioritization of structures especially critical/ lifeline structures. Structural safety audit of critical lifeline structures. Retrofitting of weak buildings. Earthquake-resistant construction in rural and Semi-urban areas. Identification/repair of main & alterntive routes. Construction of rain gauge at Tehsil headquarters. Strengthening of embankments, flood walls and flood levees. Proper regulation of lakes, dams and other Water storage reservoirs/ Pump Houses/WTP s/stp s Improvement of channels. Proper dredging of rivers in order to keep the rise of the river beds minimum. Drainage improvement in order to avoid congestion. Diversion of flood water in order to lower water levels in the rivers. A network of rain/snow gauges has been strengthened in the district. Department Structural PWD, IPH, T&CP, MC, Revenue, BRO I&PH, Hydro Power Projects, MC Remarks overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi 65

67 Drought Micro-irrigation including drip and sprinkler irrigation. Water management i.e. rain water harvesting. Renovation of Tanks and Ponds Controlled use of surface and ground water Strategy based on Agro-Climatic Regional Planning. Development of fodder plots/ banks. Repair and maintenance, de-silting of water sources, check dams, hand pumps Deployement of water tankers. Forest Fires Establishment of Forestations as per Fire Safety Bye-laws Fire and emergency services would be strengthened in the district. Zoning of forest areas. Deployment of skilled manpower in the peak season. Joint management of forests. Removal of pine needles. Structural Agriculture Department & I&PH, DRDA Structural - Fire Department, Home Guards Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Landslide Catchment area treatment/ afforestation, building up of check dams Structural in order to reduce the flood peaks and control the suddenness of PWD, IPH, the runoff T&CP, Stabilization of slopes in landslides prone areas. MC, Construction of retaining walls and other structures to bring Revenue, greater stability to dangerous slopes. BRO Construction walls of piles in slope areas to prevent landslides. Construction of anchor block & crate walls to Rising Main, Pump house and other water supply structure. Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Road Accident Provision of adequate signboards, speed breakers and guard stones near the accident prone spots. The risk at the accident-prone spots must be minimized by adequate construction /resurfacing/widening etc. Construction of pedestrians both side of the road Install reflectors on roads so that deviations and medians are clearly visible to drivers. Construction of all -weather roads Clearing of Debris and projected mountain sides along National Highways, State Highways and Board Roads. Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Chemical & Creation of appropriate infrastructure as mentioned in Off-site Industrial and On-site plans including Public Address system Accidents Biological Installing High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters in the ventilation systems of important buildings in order to prevent the entry of microbes Enforcement of bio-safety measures in labs, By Providing SubDivision laboratory Police Structural Transport Department, Police Department, PW, BRO Structural Environmental Department/ Industries Department, & Fire Department Structural I&PH, Health Department, MC, Animal Husbandry, 08 EMRI Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi 66

68 Non- structural mitigation refers to measures that emphasis on policies, regulatory measures, knowledge development, land-use planning programmes for sustaining awareness, dissemination of information material on do s and don ts, behavioral modification etc. Non-Structural Measures Table 4.2: Following are some of the measures with regards to some major Hazards that occur within Mandi District Hazard Non structural measure Earthquake Flood Drought Forest Fires Development of Rapid Visual Screening procedures and Detailed Vulnerability Assessment. Regular conduction of Fire Safety Audits and Electrical Safety Audits Public Awareness Campaigns. Techno-legal regime for ensuring compliance of earthquake-resistant design and construction practices in all new constructions Licensing and certification of professional s Compliance review by professionals of PRIs and ULBs Medical preparedness. Tie-up with IMD, CWC has been strengthened so that EWS can be effectively communicated to the vulnerable community. Flood plain zoning to regulate land use in the Flood plains/flood proofing /Flood forecasting and warning. Tie-up for sharing of information would be done with the power projects. Community networking would be done to Communicate the EWS to the vulnerable sections. Creation of trained medical first responders for first aid and resuscitation measures Drought management plans for the entire season will be prepared by the Agriculture Department well in advance. Drought management plans will be prepared block wise. Adopting appropriate cropping pattern Listing/developing shelf of work for drought Proofing/ scarcity works including identification of potential sites of water bodies/ Insuring of crops Vulnerable habitations would be identified and mitigation actions would be taken to avoid/reduce incidents of domestic fires. Community education would be initiated to reduce and mitigate fire incidents/prohibiting flammable materials in forest areas Fire insurance would be promoted to transfer the risk. Community would be involved in tackling forest fires and their participation would be ensured. Department non Structural PWD, IPH, T&CP, MC, Revenue, DDMA, BRO I&PH, Hydro Power Projects, MC, Education, DRDA Non- StructuralAgriculture Department & I&PH, DRDA Non Structural District Administration, PWD, Fire Department Remark Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi 67

69 Landslide Road Accident Enforce land-use and building ordinances in areas susceptible to landslides and debris flows. Discourage construction of buildings on steep slopes or near streams and rivers. Assessment of the availability of equipment s that would be needed at the time of landslides and regular updating of them. Setting up of a Highway Safety Patrol along the NH-2& NH88, which will be a specialized division of the highway police to tackle road accidents. Awareness. Install reflectors on roads so that deviations and medians are clearly visible to drivers. RTO should ensure that the vehicles registered under them should be properly inspected before allowed to enter the roads. Chemical & Industrial Accidents Enforcement of code of practices, procedures and standards Audits of On-site & Off-site Emergency plans at regular intervals Statutory inspection, safety audit and testing of emergency plans Safety Auditing Hotline telephone connection with nearby emergency services Awareness generation among community regarding HAZMAT Training of specialized Medical First Aid Responders Strengthening of Integrated Disease Surveillance Regular survey and proper maintenance of water supply and sewage pipeline Creation of awareness about personal hygiene Vector control programmes Burial/disposal of dead bodies Training of Rapid Response teams (RRTs) Provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to all health care worker s prior coming in contact with the patients Disease Containment by Isolation and Quarantine Methodologies Establishment of mobile hospitals/mobile teams at strategic locations Provision of animal quarantine, providing health regulatory measures for import/export of livestock and livestock products, animal feeds, etc., and prevention of inter-state transmission of animal diseases and control of diseases of national importance through National Veterinary Services Proper disposal of carcass during and post disasters Initiation of PPP in livestock emergency management Biological Non Structural PWD, IPH, T&CP, MC, Revenue, DDMA, BRO Non- StructuralTransport Department, Police Department, PWD, BRO Non Structural Environmental Department/ Industries Department, & Fire Department Non- StructuralI&PH, Health Department, MC, Animal Husbandry, 08, Education department, District Administration Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi Overall coordinatio n will be done by DDMA Mandi 4.5 Mainstreaming People with Disability (PWD) into DRR During disaster responses, people with a disability are often invisible and excluded from accessing emergency support. Information on disaster preparedness is often not in accessible formats so people with a disability are less aware and prepared for a disaster. Disability inclusion in emergency management reduces morbidity and mortality. 68

70 The rate of disability increases during an emergency due to direct trauma, illness from poor living conditions, the breakdown of health services and lack of rehabilitation and an increase in psychological stress Mainstreaming DRR in Development Plans The Disaster Management Act mandated us to take measures for prevention/mitigation of disasters and to ensure that appropriate preparedness measures for integration of disaster management into development plans and projects are taken and further allocation of funds for prevention, mitigation, preparedness for disaster and capacity building are also made available. Since disaster management is not a function of DM department alone but of all departments hence mitigation concern must be addressed by the respective departments in all aspects of development. Mainstreaming has three purposes: To make certain that all the development programmes and projects that originate from or funded by Government are designated with evident consideration for potential disaster risks to resist hazard impact. To make certain that all the development programmes and projects that originate from or are funded by Government do not in advertently increase vulnerability to disaster in all sectors: social, physical, economic and environment. To make certain that all the disaster relief and rehabilitation programmes and projects that originate or are funded by Government are designed to contribute to development aims and to reduce future disaster risk 4.6 Approaches for Mainstreaming There are three suggested approaches of mainstreaming disaster management into the development process and disaster management plans) Structural Measures 2) Non Structural Measures 3) Disaster Mitigation Projects 4.7 Prevention Measures 4.7. Special Project Proposed for preventing the disasters There are various on-going schemes and projects in Mandi district. Some of these are particularly targeting the vulnerable population like destitute, MGNREGA, IAY NBA, Food & Supplies Corporation, Agriculture Department etc. Some of these schemes and projects could be used during normal and peace time for undertaking various prevention and mitigation measures as discussed before. Various existing schemes and projects in Mandi district that could be used for disaster management are mentioned in table Illustrations of Mainstreaming DRR into ongoing Flagship Programmes More specifically, as mentioned in the agenda some of the following flag ship programmes of the Government of India are being implemented in District of Mandi. Other schemes working within District Mandi area Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana, Disability Relief Allowance, National Rural Employment Scheme, Crop Insurance Scheme, National Food Security Mission, Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna among a few. 69

71 Table 4.3: - Schemes for DRR Integration into flagship programmes in District Mandi Sr. No Name of The Programe Centr al State Share Purpose/ Objective Proposed Strategies for DRR Integration into the Flagship Programmes. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme Central To provide 00 days employment for rural and development activity as per selfapprover by the Gram Sabha under MGNREGA Act, Indira Awaas Yojna (IAY) renamed Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana (PMGAY) For the construction of houses under BPL category family Central Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana comes with bold vision of providing affordable housing solution for all Indian citizens 3. Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) State For creating awareness regarding health and hygiene in the society and also to provide the sanitation facility like toilets etc. Utilization of MGNREGS funds to reduce the vulnerability of Panchayati a vis natural hazards such as landslide, drought, forest fire, cloud burst, flash floods, earthquake etc. Giving priority to those works which reduce the vulnerability of area to natural hazards. Identified works are available which take into account the hazard profile and offer continuous employment opportunities in the event of disasters to ensure livelihood security in the event of disasters. Works which reduce disaster risk are given priority in plans-such as local mitigation works etc. Any other implementations and able suggestion within the ambit of the scheme. Create structures to regulate flow of rainwater, removal of river siltation Develop a checklist for the Gram Sabha on safe construction of various community assets/structures under the Scheme Inclusion of such measures like application of Hazard resistant design in construction of houses The Master Plan for rural and district road plan and identification of core network under the planning process of this scheme Upgrading of fair weather roads on a priority basis. The technical guidelines should explicitly be provided for suitable protection and inclusion of DRR Provision for cross drainage, slope stabilization, protection works to be included, in multi-hazard and especially flood and landslide prone areas. Train masons and construction workers in multi- hazardresistant construction particularly addressing risk of earthquake and fire Community Awareness & Capacity Building Programmes for DRDA officials on Disaster Risk Reduction issues. Design and promote toilet models and sanitation infrastructure suited to local geo-climatic conditions Provide proper sanitation facilities in schools and community centers Develop community-managed solid and liquid waste management for overall cleanliness in villages Involve community-level staff such as teachers, ASHA and Anganwadi workers to motivate the community to adopt sanitation facilities 70

72 4. 5. SelfEmployment Assistance for women Sarva Siksha Abhiyan State Central This scheme shall be used for rehabilitation. It seeks to attain Universal Elementary Education (UEE) by ensuring that all children complete five years of primary schooling and eight years of elementary schooling of satisfactory quality In this scheme women are granted rupees 2500 for establishing any project or venture who have annual income not more than 35,000 per annum. For more information, Contact-Concerned Aanganwadi worker/supervisor/ Distt. programme officer/child Development Project Officer in the Himachal Pradesh 6. Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission State 7. National Health Mission Central It seeks to attain awareness with regards to providing rural health facilities and training Development of a Policy and Plan for school safety. Developing model structurally safe designs for schools. Introducing School Safety in the Teacher s Training Curriculum. Training of Rural Engineers appointed under SSA Scheme as well as the SSA State Coordinators. Training of masons in rural areas. Construction of Technology Demonstration Units. Community Awareness. Use of low cost and environment friendly construction material that is locally available Undertake annual mock drill on fire, flood, and earthquake safety. Strengthening of the compliance in case of infrastructure projects as well housing scheme to ensure structural safety. Emphasis on disaster risk audit at the stage of preparation Inclusion of amending of building byelaws to ensure structural safety as a mandatory reform in the Mission cities to ensure safe habitat development. (Both structural safety and fire safety norms). Inclusion of disaster management as a function of the Urban Local Bodies and allocate resources. Inclusion of strategies for disaster management in the City Development Plans. Training and Capacity Building Programmes for municipal officers on disaster risk reduction. Ensure that the village Health Plan and the District health plan explicitly addresses the disaster risk reduction concerns in the vulnerable habitations Provide training to the ASHA workers on disaster health preparedness and response. Strengthening of Disease Health Surveillance System in rural areas. Ensuring structural safety of the CHC/PHC and other health care service delivery centres in rural areas. Ensuring structural safety of the CHC/PHC and other health care service delivery centres in rural areas. Training of doctors and hospital staff on mass casualty management and emergency medicine. Community awareness on disaster management. 7

73 8. National Rural Live hood Mission (NRLHM)/ Rural Selfemployment Training programme Central To create efficient and effective institution platform of the rural poor, enabling than the increasing household income through sustainable livelihood enhancements and improved access to financial service 9. Integrated Watershed Management program me(iwmp) Pradhan 0. mantri Fasal Bima Yojna Central Central The main objective of IWMP are to restore the ecological balance harassing, conserving and developing degraded nature resources such as soil, vegetative cover and water The scheme already has a component of DRR, as it works in providing support to the farmers for their losses due to a disaster situation Creating Community Awareness Training the rural population with sustainable livelihood enhancements Developing platform for rural financial services Promotion and planning of Regional Self - Employment options. Trainings and Certification program on skill development. The scheme helps in building the coping capacity of the people which will further help the community in the situation of disaster. The targeted SHG s can be used to disseminate information about disaster management to the marginalized community. The program works to improve the condition of the places where drought exists. The scheme could also include risk assessment of certain areas which are more prone to disaster and then the implementation of the schemes can be done at those places. Swan River Integrated Watershed Management Project has come into being since to reduce Flood risk with the financial assistance from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). H.P. State Forest department is the nodal agency of the Project. Besides that, Department of Agriculture, Horticulture and Animal Husbandry of the State are the participating Departments in the Project The scheme provides comprehensive risks insurance against yield losses viz. drought, hailstorm, floods and pests disease Prevented Sowing /Planting Risk: Insured area prevented from sowing / planting due to deficit rainfall or adverse seasonal condition. Standing Crop Sowing to Harvesting: Comprehensive risk insurance is provided to cover yield losses due to non-preventable risks viz. Drought, Dry Spell, Food, Inundation, Pests and Diseases, Land Slides, Natural Fire and Lightening, Strom, Hailstorm, Cyclone, Typhoon, Tempest, Hurricane and Tornado etc. Post- Harvest Losses: Coverage is available only upto a maximum period of two weeks from Harvesting for those crops which are allowed to dry in cut and spread condition in the field after harvesting against specific perils of cyclone and cyclonic rains and unseasonal rains. Localized Calamities: Loss/ damage resulting from occurrence of isolated farms in the notified area. 72

74 Rural Infrastructure. Development Fund Central RIDF has played an important role in development of diversified sectors like irrigation, roads and bridges, flood protection, drinking water supply in addition to primary education, veterinary services, watershed development, rural infrastructure etc. The project components include sprinkler system, drip system, farm tank, shallow well, shallow tube well, deep tube well, small and medium lifts and pumping machinery. For sprinkler and drip systems, the farmers shall be provided 80% subsidy and 20% would be beneficiary's contribution. Besides this the farmers shall also be provided 50% assistance for creation of farm tank, shallow well, shallow tube well, deep tube well, small and medium lifts and pumping machinery. 4.8 Conclusion District consists of weak and illegal constructions which compounds its vulnerability to earthquake and fires. Buildings constructed through good design are not necessarily built with earthquake safe design. There is a need of an urgent mitigation planning under which new constructions should come up as per building-byelaws and standard codes. Retrofitting techniques are very much important to re-strengthen old and weak constructions which needs to be taken up by DDMA, DDMC and district administration Fire safety assessments and fire-fighting arrangements shall be promoted in multi-storeyed buildings and residential communities. Insurance of buildings according to their hazard proneness is important to promote in the district under the supervision of local administration. Life-line buildings like Major Hospitals, District Magistrate Office, residences of key officials, schools, community spaces, police and fire stations etc. shall be retrofit on priority basis. 73

75 Chapter 05: Preparedness Measures 5.0 Introduction Preparedness, as defined by UNISDR, consist of the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. Based on the preparedness, the response process begins as soon as it becomes apparent that a disastrous event is imminent and lasts until the disaster is declared to be over. Preparedness focuses on plans to respond to a disaster threat or occurrence. It takes into account an estimation of emergency needs and identifies the resources to meet these needs. It also involves preparation of well-designed plans to structure the entire post-disaster response, and familiarising the stakeholders, particularly the communities through training and simulation exercises. Preparedness has to be supported by the necessary legislation means a readiness to cope with disasters or similar emergencies which cannot be avoided. 5. Objective of Preparedness Measures The first objective of preparedness is to reduce the disaster impact through appropriate actions and improve the capacity of those who are likely to be affected most (that is, marginalized, poor and handicapped) to get maximum benefit out of relief. The second is to ensure that ongoing development continues to improve the capacities and the capabilities of the system to strengthen preparedness efforts at community level. The Third, it guides reconstruction so as to ensure reduction in vulnerability. The best examples of preparedness activities are the development of local warning and community evacuation plans through community education, evolving local response structures such as Community based Disaster Management Teams (DMT) and administrative preparedness by way of stockpiling of supplies; developing emergency plans for rescue and relief. 5.2 General Preparedness Checklist for the District Mandi (H.P.). Deputy Commissioner, Mandi (H.P.) shall ensure that preparedness checklist is dulyfollowed by each front line departmentand status of the same is discussed in monthly meetings. 2. Head of department of each frontline department shall ensure that the departments are prepared to meet the challenges of any emergency/ disaster by duly following the preparedness checklists. 3. Nodal officers of each of the frontline departments shall ensure quarterly updation of District Disaster Management Resource Inventory and submission of the same to District Revenue Officer, Mandi (H.P.) by: a) Adding to it any changes in the human resources of their department along with their updated contact numbers, if any. b) Adding to the equipment list, relevant resources for response activities from both the government and private sector. 4. DRO shall ensure that the same has been updated and uploaded on website of District Administration on quarterly basis with the help of District Information Officer (DIO). 74

76 5. Nodal officers of each of the frontline dpartments shall also repor to Head of Department and/or Deputy Commissioner, Mandi (H.P.) about requisition of any relevant resource/equipment, not available with the Government and/or private sector, for disaster management activity. 6. District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), Mandi (H.P.) shall ensure the establishment of Emergency Operation Centre, Mandi(H.P.) with the following: a) Proper space for Planning and Logistics Section Chief and staff. b) Proper space for control room with adequate communication equipments including landline telephones, mobile phones, satellite phones, walkie-talkie, ham radio, computer/ laptop with printer facility, facility, fax machine, television, etc. c) Ensure power backup facilities along with availability of generator set. d) Ensure proper space for meeting, conference, media briefing along with LCD, computer and video conferencing facilities. e) Availability of District Disaster Management Resource Inventory, Mandi (H.P.) and also of the neighbouring districts (Bilaspur, Kullu, Lahul & Spiti), Disaster Management Resource Inventory of the state and also of critical national resources. f) Availability of Hazard Seasonality Map of Mandi (H.P.) district. 5.3 General Preparedness Measures. Establishment of the Control Rooms The district administration should ensure the operation of control rooms. The control rooms which are presently run by major line departments at revenue, police, Hospital, etc. at block and district level should be functional. 2. Plan Updation Disaster Management Plan needs updation at every interval. It includes the skilled manpower, their addresses and contact numbers, necessary equipments, medicinal stock, daily necessities, list of drought prone areas etc. All these things have to be updated after a certain interval of time. 3. Communication System Training is given for search and rescue teams, first aid teams, and disaster management teams at village, talukas and district level. These teams will provide timely help during any type of disaster. Provision of wireless sets at all Sub-division and Talukas Offices for effective communication of heavy rainfall/heat waves. Widespread community awareness programmes in drought so that villages are sensitized about the consequences and measures to address drought. 4. Training for Disaster Management Team Members Each of the DMTs comprise groups of women and men volunteers and are assigned with a specials task The Search and Rescue Teams, First Aid Teams formed at the three levels should be provided training from time to time so that their timely help can be used during disaster. 5. Organization of Mock Drills Mock drill is an integral part of the Community based disaster management plan, as it is a preparedness drill to keep the community alert. Mock drills are organized in all the villages of the district to activate the DMTs and modification of the DM plan. Mock drill is organized once in six months as per the seasonality calendar 75

77 of natural disaster events that is likely to occur. Community Awareness on Various Disasters The widespread community awareness program in most hazard prone villages is required so that villages are sensitized about the hazard and there are no problems when there is need for evacuation. Construction of Earthquake Resistant Structures Retrofitting the weak structures House insurance Construction of watershed structures Rehabilitation of people in safe places Development of plans for shifting people from vulnerable area to safer area The contingency plan for Disaster Management is based on past experiences as well as according to the instructions given by the Deputy Commissioner of the district. The mitigation strategy has been developed keeping in view the pre, during and post disaster situation. The district is divided into ten sub divisions and senior level officers of the district will work as zone officers who will look after the rescue and relief operations and monitor. A multi prolonged approach on the following aspects have been made to undertake preventive and mitigation measures Table 5.: Preventive and Mititgation Measure S.No Stake holder DDMA Stake holding Department Deputy Commissioner Task and responsibilities Prepare, Coordinate and monitor district response Review the state of capabilities for responding to any disaster or threatening disastrous situation Advise, assist and coordinate the activities of the other Departments Establish stockpiles of relief and rescue materials Ensure communication systems are in order Mock drills are carried out periodically; Ensuring of preparing response plans by Departments of the Government Law and Order To maintain law and order; To take measure against looting and rioting; Police To ensure the safety and security of relief workers and material; department and Home Guards To take specific measure for the protection of weaker and vulnerable sections of the Society. To provide safety and security at relief camps and temporary shelters Public Health Mobilization of health service providers for emergency response for medical care, evaluation and treatment. To coordinate, direct and Integrate State level response; Direct activation of medical personnel, supplies and equipment; Department OF Coordinate the evacuation of patients; Health and Provide human services under the Dept. of health; Family Welfare Prepare and keep ready Mobile Hospitals and stock; To network with private health service providers; To provide for mass decontamination; Check stocks of equipment and drugs. 76

78 Home Guards, Fire and Emergency Services, SDRF, Armed and Para military forces, police, Red Cross, SERVs and08. Establish, maintain and Manage district search and rescue response system; Coordinate search and rescue logistics during field operations; Provide status reports of SAR updates throughout the affected areas Discharge all ambulatory patients for the first aid which has the least danger to health and others transported to safer areas. Armed and Para military forces to provide assistance to civil authorities on demand To make arrangements for the transportation and Post mortem of the dead Public Works And Engineering Public Works Department, National Highways Authority of India. Establish a priority list of roads which will be opened first; Constructing major temporary shelters; Connecting locations of transit/relief camps; Adequate road signs should be installed to guide and assist the relief work; Clearing the roads connecting helipads and airports and Restoring the helipads and making them functional; Rope in the services of private service providers and secondary services if the department is unable to bear the load of work. Depending on the nature of disaster, essential equipment such as Towing vehicles, Earth moving equipments, Cranes etc. to be provided to work team carrying emergency Construct temporary roads; Keep national and other main highways clear from disaster effects such as debris etc.; Networking with private services providers for supply of earth moving equipments etc. Sanitation / Sewerage Disposal Irrigation and Public Health department, Urban Development and Rural Development Make arrangement for proper disposal of waste in their respective areas; Arrange adequate material and manpower to maintain cleanliness and hygiene For making available mobile toilets; To dispose of the carcass. Electricity department Review the total extent of damage to the power supply installations by a reconnaissance survey Make arrangement for and to provide the alternative sources of power supply for emergency purposes to the affected populations and for the relief camps. Identify requirements of external equipment required such as DG sets etc; Assess damage for national assistance Dispatch emergency repair teams equipped with tools, tents and food; Hire casual labour for the clearing of damaged poles etc Search and Rescue Power 77

79 8. Transport Transport Department Overall coordination of the requirement of transport and implement emergency related response and recovery functions, search and rescue and Damage assessment Coordinate arrangement of Vehicles for transportation of relief supplies from helipads/airports to the designated places Make available its fleet for the purpose of SAR, transportation of supplies, victims etc; Act as stocking place for fuel for emergency operations Support to Local Administration, Relief Supplies Removal of trees and fuel word Animal Care Food and Supplies Department Collect orate and Department of Food and Civil Supplies Forest Department Animal Husbandry Department and Department of Panchayati Raj (DPO) Department of Food and Public Distribution and Department of Cooperation To assist the primary aagencies in arranging and supplying relief supplies Coordinate activities involved with the Emergency provisions; Temporary shelters; Emergency mass feeding; To coordinate bulk distribution of emergency supplies; To provide logistical and resource support to local entities In some instances, services also may be provided to disaster workers; To coordinate damage assessment and post disaster needs assessment Organize donation (material) for easy distribution before entering disaster site. Arrange for timely removal of trees obstructing the movement of traffic; Arrange for timely removal of tress which have become dangerous; Make arrangement for fuel wood for the relief camps and for general public; Provide fuel wood for mass cremation etc. To arrange for timely care and Treatment of animals in distress; Removal of dead animals to avoid outbreak of epidemics. Treatment of animals; Provision of vaccination; Disposal of dead animals Make emergency food and clothing supplies available to population; Ensure the provision of specific nutrients and supplementary diet for the lactating, pregnant women and infants, Requirement of food and clothing for affected population; Control the quality and quantity of food, clothing and basic medicines; Ensure the timely distribution of food and clothing to the people; Ensure that all food that is distributed is fit for human consumption. 78

80 Communicat ion Information and Communicat ion Drinking water Shelter Media BSNL/ other mobile networks Coordination of telecommunication with other networks and available police wireless network, satellite phones, Ham Radio units of armed forces in the area affected Deputy commissioner and Department of IT/NIC Render necessary assistance in terms of resources, expertise to the primary agency in performing the assigned task. Operate a Disaster Welfare Information (DWI) System to collect, receive, and Report the status of victims and assist family reunification; Apply GIS to speed other facilities of relief and search and rescue; Enable local authorities to establish contact with the state authorities; Coordinate planning procedures between district, the state and the centre; Provide ready formats for all reporting procedures as a standby. Department of I & PH and Department of Urban Development Support to local Administration; Water purification by adding Chlorine tablets/bleaching Powder. Procurement of clean drinking water; Transportation of water with minimum wastage; Special care for women with infants and pregnant women; Ensure that sewer pipes and drainage are kept separate from drinking water facilities. Support to Local Administration Establishing temporary shelters of larger dimensions; Department of Panchayati Raj through local Panchayats would assist the primary agency in establishing shelters of smaller dimensions. Locate adequate relief camps based on survey of damaged houses; Develop alternative arrangements for population living in structures HPPWD, that might be affected even after the disaster. Municipal Provide adequate and appropriate shelter to all population; council and Panchayati Raj Quick assessment and identifying the area for the establishment of the relief camps; Identification of public buildings as possible shelters; Identifying the population which can be provided with Support in their own place and need not be shifted reallocated; Locate relief camps close to open traffic and transport links. Department of Public Relations(DPR O) and Local DD and AIR To Provide and collect reliable information on the status of the disaster and disaster victims for effective coordination of relief work at state level Coordinate with all TV and radio networks to send news flashes for specific needs of Donation; Use and place geographical Information to guide people towards relief operation; Use appropriate means of disseminating information to victims of affected area; Curb the spread of rumors; Disseminate instructions to all Stakeholders. 79

81 5.4 Disability Inclusive plan: Reasons During disaster responses, people with a disability are often invisible and excluded from accessing emergency support and essential services such as food distribution, medical care, shelter and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities. Information on disaster preparedness is often not in accessible formats so people with a disability are less aware and prepared for a disaster. It is therefore crucial that disability inclusion in all phases of disaster management occurs so as to ensure the full and equal fulfillment of human rights of people with a disability. The rate of disability increases during an emergency due to direct trauma, illness from poor living conditions, the breakdown of health services and lack of rehabilitation and an increase in psychological stress How to include people with a disability in disaster management? Disability inclusion in all phases of disaster management including disaster risk reduction preparedness, prevention and mitigation, along with disaster relief, rehabilitation and recovery is crucial. Disaster preparedness can incorporate disability measures through building knowledge and capacities of governments, organisations, communities and individuals to anticipate disability impact and inclusively respond to and recover from disasters and emergencies. Such preparedness can include disability contingency planning and training; stockpiling of mobility aides and other devices along with general supplies; planning for accessible evacuation and public information in alternative formats. Risk reduction, often done concurrently with preparedness, can incorporate reducing exposure to hazards that can cause disability along with decreasing the vulnerability of people with an existing disability. Table 5.2: Type of impairments and warning systems Types of Disabilities Visual Impairment Warning System Auditory Signal System/ Alarms Posters written with large characters and colour contrast Hearing Impairment Visual Signal Systems- Red Flag, Symbols Pictures, Turn lights off-on frequently Intellectual Impairment Special Signals- Red flag, Symbols Clear and brief announcements by rescue workers Physical Impairment Auditory Signal System/Alarms 5.5 Early Warning System Early Warning System is the crux of disaster preparedness and response. Since, its objective is risk reduction by taking necessary precaution and action, earlier the warning is received, the better it is. For the EWS to be efficient and timely, it requires equally efficient backward linkages with instruments that become the basis for providing early warning. 80

82 Table no: 5.3: Disastre preparedness and reponse Nodal Agency with online web pages address Sr. No.. Hazard/Disast er Floods Nodal Agency with online web pages address Contact Details Central Water Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Shimla Zone , , nic.in Fax; ; 2. Landslides Geological Survey of India Mob: Earth quake 4. Hydrometeorological N- India Meteorological Department, Droughts High Wind, Hailstorm, Heat Wave, Cold Wave and High Rainfall Forest Fire S / / S- SDMA/SEOC ; D- DDMA/ DEOC D-077 Forest Survey of India, Dehradun 7. N / /Dehradhun , (Fire) CMO OFFICE: 8. Epidemics Health and Family Welfare Department & 08 NAS 9. Human Induced Hazards Himachal Pradesh Police 00 GVK-EMRI D- Hydo power project, Road accidents 0. Dam / Reservoir Burst 077,

83 Figure 5.: Disaster preparedness and response system A. Early Warning Nodal Agencies for Early Warning have been identified by the District for the multi- hazard preparedness as follows: Control RoomDEOC at Mandi is fortified with all the basic and advanced communication and IT infrastructure like EPBAX, Computers, LED sets, Telephone sets, Generator, and Voice logger that records all the incoming and outgoing calls from the DEOC. The Disaster Emergency number or the hunting line operational within district is 077, which is a toll free number for disaster and is operational from all telecommunication networks. Training of Personnel of EOCs For the smooth running and functioning of EOC at district Mandi round the clock (24x7) six professionals have been deployed of the level of computer operators and data entry operators who should be provided with training for receiving early warning for various hazards, interpretation of warnings and dissemination of the warnings. There is a need to increase the capacity of the professionals with regards to use of various emergency equipments like wireless phones, etc. Drills For the efficiency and coordination of the various departments there is a need for the mock exercises on various hazards. This will provide the stakeholder of the departments to check their preparedness level and identify their gaps for further improvement. Gaps- Functioning of Satellite Phones and development of Ham Radio network in the district needs to be courage for utilised during emergency along with provision of mobile emergency operation vehicles. 82

84 B. Evacuation The Prime Nodal Agency for Evacuation within District Mandi is DDMA with supporting agency consisting of Revenue and Police department. Evacuation is a risk management strategy which involves the movement of people to a safer location. However, to be effective, it must be correctly planned and executed for the return of the affected community. The following factors need consideration for evacuation preparedness: Identification of appropriate shelter areas based on safety, availability of facilities, capacity and number of victims Approaches to the shelter location in light of disruption due to hazard impact and traffic blockades Temporary accommodation Provision of essential facilities like drinking water, food, clothing, communication, medical, electrical and feeding arrangements, etc Security Financial and immediate assistance First-aid and counseling Evacuation Warning must be structured to provide timely and effective information. The warning should be clear and target specific. The warning statement issued to the community should be conveyed in a simple language and the statement should mention about: The issuing authority, date and time of issue An accurate description of likely hazard and what is expected Possible impact on population, area to be in undated or affected due to earthquake Need to activate evacuation plan Do s and Don ts to ensure appropriate response Advise to the people about further warnings to be issued, if any Gaps- There is a need to earmark each and every evacuation routes and shelters within district for quick and efficient evacuation process. Figure 5.2: Quick and Efficient Response Proceess 83

85 C. Search & Rescue: The Prime Nodal Agency for Search and Rescue within District is Police along with Home Guards. In case the incident is beyond the capacity of the district and state NDRF, Bhatinda and its supporting unit at Nurpur, Kangra In the event of any disaster the two departments form teams to locate injured and dead along with rescuing the ones in need. The secondary departments supporting SAR work, are PWD, Health department, Fire department and also the people that voluntarily form teams to help the ones in need. Proper training for search and rescue process needs to be undertaken so as to minimize the time taken in rescuing someone. The Task team for Search & Rescue is formed as and when required. The members &equipments depend on the nature of the disaster and intensity and their availability. Police Officers Fire Brigade Medical team Home guards Swimmers (In case of flood) Officials from PWD, I&PH, Electricity Driver (For vehicles like ambulances, fire brigade, JCB, Excavator etc.) Persons from Paramilitary forces (ITBP, SSB, of NDRF/ SDRF as the case may be) Army personnel (depending on the scale of the incidence) A Class IV Officer (Health Dept.) Worker from Municipal Council Volunteers trained in search and rescue Equipments available with the various departments that can be used for S&R in District Mandi for various hazards like earthquake, landslide, flood and fire are: Safety Helmet-Ambulances, Extension ladder, Crane, JCB, Shovel, Spade, Tractor, Generator, Search Lights, Helmet, pick axe, baskets, Blankets, VHF Sets, Tents Human Resource trained for S&R include- Home Guards, Police, ITBP, SSB, Trained Officials include Government Officials, PTI s, Teachers, NCC, NYKS, Pradhans, MC officials, NGO s, Gaps- There is a need to provide training to the relevant departments concerned for S&R within the district as identified above. The other major gap in preparedness is non- availability of the essential number of items as per the IDRN List of equipment besides the mentioned above. D. Damage & Loss Assessment The Nodal Officer for assessment of the damages and loss will be with the Revenue department with key departments Damage assessment is carried out with regards to building stock, standing crops, agricultural area, livestock lost, forest cover decimated, vital installations etc. for better rescue and relief. Damage assessment is conducted in 2 phases: Rapid Damage Assessment, and Detailed Damage Assessment The field staff and agencies of various departments would communicate the damage/loss to the DEOC at the earliest. Initially first information report would be sent which would be followed by the detailed damage 84

86 assessment reports. The formats for damage assessment are given in the annexures. Indicative departments of Damage assessment are- revenue, PWD, I&PH, Electricity Board, Health Department, Agriculture and Horticulture Department, Animal Husbandry, and others suitable departments. Gaps- Training of the officers/ officials of the key departments. Equipment required for the assessment of Damage and loss. E. Medical First Aid The Nodal Officer is CMO and MS of the district with support of Red Cross and other suitable agencies Equip mental and Human Resource preparedness within District comprises of General Surgeons, Medical Specialist, Gynaecologist, Radiologist, Orthopaedic Surgeon, Nurses, ASHA ANM, Senior students of medical institutions, Veterinary Surgeon & Gynaecologists, ENT, Bed Strength. First Aid Kits Gaps- Training of Home Guards/Police/Nurses, ASHA ANM/Volunteers. Facilitation of First Aid Kits to the stakeholders for medical services till village/ community levels. Figure 5.3: Medical Service till Village/ Community Level F. Mass Casualty Management Nodal Officer is CMO and MS of the district with support 08/ Red Cross/ Police/ Home Guards and other suitable agencies The identified regional hospitals of the district along with the other private hospitals and CHC, PHC s will get operational. Human Resource preparedness within District comprises of General Surgeons, Medical Specialist, Gynaecologist, Radiologist, Orthopaedic Surgeon, Nurses, ASHA ANM, Senior students of medical institutions, Veterinary Surgeon & Gynaecologist, ENT, Bed Strength. Regional Hospitals are supported by the Blood Banks and list of donors. Equipment available with the medical departments or other agencies consists of stretchers, ambulances, various other emergency machinery like X-Ray machines, Ultra Sound and other machines. Gap- Training of medical staff in management of mass causality along with strengthening of necessary equipment. Another identified gap is not having sufficient medicinal stock for the same. 85

87 G. Relief _food & Water FIGURE 5.4: Nodal Officer is the District Food and Civil Supply Department with support of Revenue/ Health and Family Welfare. Gap- Non- Availability of Warehouses/ storage areas along with Fair Price Shops, availability of Cylinders, wood, utensils, clothing s at the community / village level. H. Shelter/ Medical/ Relief Camp Nodal Officer for the Shelter /Medical/ Relief Camp is DDMA with the Key stakeholders such as Revenue, DRDA, Education departments The possible sites for the establishment of the above Camps are the schools, community shelters, parking areas, temple areas and open grounds within the district. Gap- Non Availability of basic utilities for functioning of camps. 86

88 5.6 Standard Operating Procedures: 5.6. Emergency Support Functions and Preparedness During Post disaster district may require support from other adjoining districts, for this the DEOC head can seek help from other districts through Divisional Commissioner or SEOC. This portion will elaborate the issues pertaining to mutual support understanding and coordination at the inter district level. In Mandi district inter district coordination was possible only at collector level or head of department level during disaster and also to prevent any mishappining like flood situation arising out of release of water from dam of other district. This section will elaborate the mutual coordination, and clarity of role amongst intra district nodal agencies at the district, and sub district level (including Block level headquarters), with reference to disaster management functions. In the present scenario, intra district coordination is possible only with the orders of District collector or senior officer. The roles of primary and secondary agencies/departments are provided below: Primary agencies:. Coordinate directly with their agency for guidance to provide assistance and make operational decisions. 2. Designate agency staff members to collaborate with ESF agencies to provide assistance. 3. Update their Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) to accomplish ESFs mission. Support agencies:. Assist the primary agencies in the process of exercising, reviewing, maintaining and implementing this plan, ESFs and Standard Operating Procedures. Provide representatives to the DEOC that can be responsible for coordination with the primary agencies and make operational decisions. 87

89 Table 5.4: Standard Operating Procedures:Emergency Support Functions And Preparedness ESF s Name Search & Rescue Law and Order Responsible officer Function Lead and Department Commdt. Home Guard Home guard, S.P., Fire Officer, Note: Home Guards will lead SAR. Fire Services will be primary in case of Fire Hazard. Superintenden t Of Police Police Dept. Home Guards Commandant Para-military (CRPF, Scope/ Emergency Preparedness Forces Health and Sanitation Chief Medical Officers, Health Department Ensure proper functioning of all firefighting equipments, appliances and respiratory equipments. Ensure important buildings should have sketched maps and marked evacuation routes with glowing sign. Ensure regular evacuation drills as per evacuation plans in all important buildings, hospitals, etc. Make a database of existing firefighting services and facilities provided with private agencies. Ensure, at disposal, the list of adverse effects of chemicals and antidotes/ methods to deal with emergency involving each chemical Review the adequacy of existing fire prevention arrangements in each MAH and other hazardous units before and after the installations. Share the report with Department of Industrial Safety and Health. Identify roads and routes of access and escape to and from MAH and other potential hazardous units. Ensure proper functioning of all equipments. Ensure proper mechanism in place for early warning of different hazards through police stations and police posts. Arrange for public address system and siren. Prepare for temporary installation of wireless systems between district and subdivisions in case of any damage to existing wireless system with the department. Ensuring a dedicated disaster management channel in the existing wireless system of the police Train the communication wing of police in setting up control room at short notice at a required site. Prepare Contingency Plan for response to bomb blast, riots, terrorist attack and other law and order emergencies. Prepare deployment plan of home guards and other volunteers for protection of property of affected community. Prepare for proper arrangement for custody of recovered belongings and property from dead bodies and affected sites. Police personal and staff of PCR vans should keep basic first aid box and ensure proper functioning of equipments. Train police personnel and staff of PCR vans in first aid and basic life saving techniques. Prepare trained team of paramedics. Develop dos and don ts and IEC materials regarding health and hygiene. Organise awareness camps with help of CHC/ PHCs and Development and Panchayat Department for hygiene

90 Public Works Nodal officer/ Executive Engineer, Executive Engineer, Rural Works Dept Executive Officer, Municipal Council promotion and public health issues. Ensure availability of trained mobile medical teams at disposal. Prepare psychosocial care teams with existing staff nurses and medical support staff Ensure availability of generator sets and buffer stock of fuel at disposal. Ensure availability of adequate supply of life saving equipments and stock of medicines, portable supplies including portable oxygen cylinders, portable X -ray machine, portable ultrasound machines, triage ags, etc. Ensure availability of adequate space with suitable facilities for storage of medicines. Prepare a database of private hospitals and nursing homes with services and facilities available. Prepare a database of doctors registered with Indian Medical Association (IMA).. Prepare a database of available ambulance services from government, private agencies and District Red Cross Society, if any. Ensure, at disposal, list of MAH units and hazardous chemicals stored in them. Ensure, at disposal, the list of antidotes for various hazardous chemicals. This list is prepared by Department of Industrial safety and Health. Ensure availability of adequate supply of blood units. Prepare database of blood donors in the district and update the same in DDMRI. Prepare a database of providers of refrigerated vehicles for transportation of vaccines, blood, blood products, etc. Train drivers and attendants of ambulance and mobile medical units in first aid and basic life saving techniques. Prepare a decontamination ward in view of any possible chemical or industrial hazard. Prepare for prompt establishment of temporary hospital, mobile surgical unit, etc at short notice, near the affected area. Ensure proper and safe mechanism for medical waste disposal. Prepare for proper disease surveillance system. Make proper arrangement and mechanism for mass casualty management. Ensure availability and functioning of all equipments like cranes, JCB, etc. with proper resource mapping of these equipment Prepare a database of availability of heavy equipments like cranes, JCB with private agencies also. Ensure, at disposal, the list of MAH units and other vulnerable buildings. Prepare for prompt clearance of debris. Prepare the demolishing squad for prompt demolition of unsafe buildings. Prepare for prompt clearing and repairing of damaged roads, culverts, bridges and flyovers. Prepare for construction of new temporary roads at short notice for diverting traffic from the affected area. Prepare for construction of temporary facilities like that of medical post, temporary shelters, etc at short notice

91 Food & Supplies District Food & Civil Supplies Food & Supplies Department Agriculture Dy. Directed Agriculture Department with basic amenities and proper sanitation Prepare or prompt establishment of helipad near the affected site for VVIP visits Prepare for restoration of government buildings damaged during disaster.. Prepare a database of godowns and cold storage facilities in the district. Prepare a database of catering services providers. Prepare for safety of stored food grains in godowns against inundation and water logging, fire and other possible hazards. Prepare for out-movement of food grains to a pre-decided safer location, if required. Ensure availability of adequate food grains storage in godowns in view of the scarcity or emergency period. Prepare a database of kerosene depots, petrol pumps, gas agencies, etc and update the same in DDMRI. Ensure availability of adequate stock of gas cylinders, kerosene, etc. Prepare database of private retailers and wholesalers of edible food items. Prepare a database of providers of refrigerated vehicles for transportation of perishable food items. Prepare for large scale movement of food grains, their transportation, expeditious unloading, proper storage and prompt distribution through fair price shops, if required. Prepare a database of private providers of tents, tarpaulin sheets, poles, kanats, cooking utensils, polythene bags, shrouds and other essential items that could be used for community kitchen and cremation and burial. Prepare Agriculture Contingency Plan. Constitute a Crop Weather Watch Group at district level (as per A Model Manual for Drought Management, GoI) with representatives from Meteorological Department and concerned officers dealing with agricultural inputs, credit extension, etc to keep a close watch on the monsoon situation, extreme temperature, hail and wind storm. Identify vulnerable areas prone to pest infestation, drought, flood and other hazards. Ensure awareness generation in farmers regarding various plant diseases, alternate cropping practices in disasterprone areas, crop insurance, provision of credit facilities, proper storage of seeds, etc. Provide training to farmers in alternate cropping techniques, mixed cropping and other agricultural practices which minimize crop losses during future disasters. Ensure surveillance for pest infestation and crop diseases. Ensure availability of stock for immediate replacement of broken/non-functioning gadgets/equipments. Ensure availability of adequate stock of seeds and other agro inputs particularly for areas vulnerable to hazards. Prepare trained and equipped team for assessment of damage to soil, crop, plantation, drainage, embankment, other water bodies and storage facilities that might impact agricultural activities. Prepare for establishment of public information booths, with appropriate and modern means of communication, to

92 Livestock Shelter and Fodder Dy Director Animal Husbandry Dept. of Animal Husbandry Drinking Water and Supplies Nodal officer/ Executive Engineer, Irrigation and Public Health Department assist farmers in providing information regarding insurance, compensation, repair of agro equipments and restoring of agricultural activities at the earliest. Identify sources of feed and fodder. Ensure isolation/ separation of sick and healthy animals and prepare for arrangements for keeping, feeding and watering of animals suffering fromcontagious diseases. Sensitize farmers/ owners for above problems. Ensure separate transportation of animals suffering from contagious diseases. Ensure proper disinfection of space, vehicle and manpower involved in transportation of sick/ infected and dead animal from contagious diseases. Ensure fully functional mobile veterinary unit at disposal. Prepare a database of veterinary hospitals/ clinics and agencies working for animal care. Ensure availability of stocks of mineral and feed supplements, lifesaving drugs, electrolytes, vaccines, etc. Ensure sensitization of farmers about protection of their feed and fodder prior to the onset of monsoon. Ensure filling feed banks before the scarcity period. Prepare for the feed of the poultry birds for drought situation. Locate feed and fodder banks in view of submergence situation during the monsoon. Identify source for procurement of fodder. Identify safe locations for fodder depot and cattle camps within the district. Ensure assured source of water or canals for drinking and growing fodder along with the above locations. Prepare for necessary arrangements of tatties, gunny bags and tarpaulin sheets to cover the sheds during heat and cold waves. Ensure availability of sprinklers/ foggers in shed/camp during heat waves period. Ensure availability and well-functioning of all equipments and vehicles. Prepare for distribution of Chlorine tablets, tablets, bleaching powder and chlorination of public water resources, if required. Prepare for arrangement of safe drinking water supply for surviving community in the affected areas and also in relief camps and shelters. Also prepare for provisioning of water for other purposes. Prepare a database of suppliers and distributors of packaged drinking water. Prepare for prompt repair of pipelines supplying potable water. Prepare for prompt repair of sewerage systems and water works. Make standby arrangements of generators for running the water pumps. Ensure availability of adequate number of water tankers, drums, jerry cans or identify their private suppliers to

93 prepare for supply of water, in scarcity period and in emergency. Ensure availability of water supply/ filling points for fire tenders, water cannons, hospitals and other necessary life saving infrastructure. Prepare for prompt provision of temporary toilets in the affected area and relief camps. Ensuring filling of water ponds/ lakes in the district with canal water/ tube wells prior to summer or whenever required in coordination of Irrigation Department. Ensure transmission map at disposal. Prepare a database of critical and lifesaving infrastructure in the district and prepare for providing uninterrupted power supply to them. & Prepare for providing continuous power supply to the affected area. Prepare to provide electrical connections and system at short notice in affected areas for purpose of pumping flood water and illumination of the area. Prepare for prompt replacement of affected power supply system. Ensure availability of adequate stock of important equipments like transformers, poles, conductors, cables, insulators, etc for prompt action whenever equired. Ensure trained construction and maintenance staff at disposal. Backup support till the supply is restored to normalcy Ensure proper functioning of filling station, vehicles and equipments including fire extinguishers, first aid kits, etc. Prepare for prompt deployment of vehicles at short notice for various purposes like mass evacuation, transportation of response teams, relief items, victims, etc. Prepare mechanical team for prompt repair of equipment and vehicles. Train drivers and conductors in first aid and basic life saving techniques. Identify the vehicle for rescue operations. Be well familiar with routes of potential hazardous installations and follow incident traffic plan. Keeping equipment like gas cutters, cranes etc in order. Enlisting truck owners. Enlisting workers in municipalities and grooming them to work as a team To keep regular interaction with them to get response at the time of emergencies Procure recovery plans from private communication service providers for their recovery time objectives. Prepare for alternate communication System Power Nodal officer/ Executive Engineer, Transport DTO/ Regional Manager Removal and Clearances Nodal officer/ Executive Engineer, Communica tion communicatio n in charge general Electricity Department Transport/Himach al Roadways Executive Engineer, Rural Works Dept / Executive Officer, MC police wireless BSNL,Other Wireless

94 manager Forest Information Disseminatio n and Helpline Revenue and Disaster Managemen t Department DFO DPRO, ADM (In-charge of Disaster Management) networks Forest Department Ensure proper functioning of all equipments and vehicles. Prepare a database of Ara machine holders, carpenters. Prepare team for catching wild animals to prevent infiltration in habituated areas, relief camps, etc. Prepare for supply of wood for cremation. Information and Public Relations Dept. Prepare for proper public address system ensuring rumour control. Prepare for media management. Ensure database of dos and don ts of all possible hazards in the district. Ensure distribution of IEC material to community for awareness generation about the same. Publicise the information in the interest of public awareness through booklets, pamphlets, radio, television, film shows, newspapers, documentary films, door to door campaign, meetings, etc. Ensure regular monitoring of rain gauge and regular updation of database for distribution and variation in rainfall. Ensure proper mechanism in place for early warning of different hazards to village level through Tehsildars, Patwaris, DDPO. Ensure proper functioning of district Flood Control Room during monsoon period and otherwise, if required. Identify villages vulnerable to flood and drought. Prepare a database of critical and lifesaving infrastructure in the district Prepare a database of safe locations for evacuation. Identify possible safe sites for temporary shelters, relief camps and staging area. Ensure availability of fully functional boats, life jackets and oars in view of flood condition of the district. Prepare a database of voluntary organizations and service they offer. Ensure the authenticity of the same. Identify competent persons/experts from various required fields for carrying out damage and need assessment post disaster. Prepare proper mechanism for disbursement of compensation to victims or families of deceased. Prepare a database of safe locations for relief distribution site for mass care and housing. Identify site(s) for temporary burial. Revenue and Disaster Management Department

95 5.7 Knowledge Management EOC coordinator and IT manager, NIC together shall be responsible for gathering data on resource inventory available with all the line departments and all the Gram Panchayats by coordinating with GPEOCs. National Informatics Centre (NIC) shall be responsible for uploading all the data once a month on India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN). 5.8 India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN) : IDRN, a web based information system, is a platform for managing the inventory of equipments, skilled human resources and critical supplies for emergency response. The primary focus is to enable the decision makers to find answers on availability of equipments and human resources required to combat any emergency situation. This database will also enable them to assess the level of preparedness for specific vulnerabilities. Total 226 technical items listed in the resource inventory. It is a nationwide district level resource database. Each user of all districts of the state has been given unique username and password through which they can perform data entry, data updation on IDRN for resources available in their district. The IDRN network has functionality of generating multiple query options based on the specific equipment, skilled human resources and critical supplies with their location and contact details. 5.9 Media Management A. Interaction between Media and District Administration A pre-disaster season (February for fire and June for floods) interaction shall be organized between administration and media to state media s role in increasing community s preparedness for disasters. This interaction will be headed by District Public Relations Officer (DPRO) and organized by Information and Public Relations Department. B. Responsibilities of Media a) Educating and making communities aware about disasters and important dos and don ts to reduce risks. b) Inform the public on various matters to raise their level of preparedness. c) Inform the public about the current situation. d) Advice the public on course of action appropriate to the event. e) Inform the public on the actions being taken by authorities and aid groups. f) Relay messages concerning the welfare of isolated groups within the community. g) Maintain a reassuring presence. 94

96 Chapter 6: Capacity Building and Training Measures 6. Introduction As per the National Disaster Management Act (2005), capacity-building includes; Identification of existing resources and resources to be acquired or created. Acquiring or creating resources identified Organisation and training of personnel and coordination of such trainings for effective management of disasters. 6.2 Approaches towards Training and Capacity Building The primary purpose of capacity building in disaster management is to reduce risk and thus make communities safer. This can be done by increasing resilience and enhancing coping capacities. Effective capacity building at the district level requires active participation of all those who are tasked with it. It must include maintaining a comprehensive and up-to-date District Disaster Management Resource Inventory (DDMRI) for Mandi, awareness generation programs, education, Research and Development (R&D) and systemic training. The Deputy Commissioner, Mandi should ensure the following capacity-building activities for the entire district and the various Heads of Departments should ensure capacity building of their respective departments. Furthermore, the nodal officers should, in coordination with the District HODs, procure relevant equipments for disaster management activities. Since disaster management is a multi-organizations effort, it emphasizes on trainings in execution and coordination as well. Therefore, wide ranges of trainings related to management skills are highly required for potential officers in order to equip them for specialized disaster-related tasks. They require orientation of various aspects of crises management such as; Skill training, Planning, Trainings on Emergency Response Functions such as first-aid, search and rescue, emergency operation centre, emergency feeding and welfare, communication and damage assessment etc. Trainings for coordinated disaster management activities and response operations are highly required especially for the persons engaged in emergency services, government line departments, nongovernment organizations and important private sector groups. Training requirements are likely to comprise of core activities of emergency management such as Incident Response System, Emergency Response Functions and basic management skills. Persons to be trained shall be: Government Officers at par with the rank requirement under Incident Response System Team leaders and members under Emergency Support functions Quick Response Teams at headquarter and field level Community level taskforces including Volunteers, NGOs and home guard volunteers, school and college students, NCC and NSS scouts and NYKS etc 6.3 Institutional Capacity Building Institutional capacity building is structured upon a level-system that will be designed to bring officials and professionals from multiple fields and skill sets at the district level. The District Disaster Management Authority, Mandi will utilize the abilities and expertise of representatives from various areas, structured in the form of levels in this chapter on the basis of priority. 95

97 6.4 HIPA: Centre for Disaster Management The HIPA (Shimla) Centre for Disaster Management (CDM) holds responsibility at the State level for conducting training programs on various aspects of Disaster Management in all the districts of Himachal Pradesh. The trainings take place over three to five days for district officials from various departments, as per the specificities of the training being conducted. Trainings are conducted at HIPA, Shimla as well as within the districts, for which officials are nominated by the District Administration. It is incumbent upon these officials to attend the trainings for which they have been nominated, and upon completion of the program, they shall receive certification from HIPA. The officials in charge of updating the DDMP are also responsible for keeping record of trained officials under these trainings and update the same in the plan. This will ensure the availability of trained human resources capable of dealing with disasters at the district level. 6.5 DDMA / District Head of the Departments The role of district level officials in Mandi in terms of capacity-building and training is primarily that of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), Mandi. The Authority will ensure that participants from various departments are nominated for the various disaster management related trainings conducted by HIPA and any other body/authority that is competent to conduct/organise trainings in the field of disaster management. The role of the DDMA will, thus, be predominantly that of coordination and monitoring. The DDMA, Mandi is responsible for ensuring that the Heads of Department (HODs) of the following departments discharge their responsibility of nominating officials from their departments for various disaster management trainings pertaining to their specific areas of work. The HODs will also ensure the following activities under their department. Table 6.: Departments and their responsibility for various disaster management trainings. S.No Department/ Organisation Action to be taken by the department. Agriculture Department 2. Animal Husbandry 3. Social Emergency Response Volunteers (SERV) Formation and training of a Weather Watch Group for the purpose of monitoring crops in the district. Putting in place disaster management protocols for the hazards of drought, flood, hailstorm, etc. Training to farmers in alternate cropping techniques and mixed cropping. Training to farmers on disease and its management, agro-terrorism, etc. Training to farmer s regarding fodder management, seed banks and fodder banks. Formation of Rapid Damage Assessment Teams who will be capable of assessing the condition of soil, fields, irrigation systems and any other damage to crops in post-disaster situations. Formation of Rapid Damage Assessment teams capable of examining and assessing damage caused to livestock, feed and Fodder, and other things within the domain of animal husbandry. Provision of trainings for volunteers in search and rescue (SAR), first aid, traffic management, dead body management, evacuation, shelter and camp management, mass care and crowd management. The purchase of SAR equipments through the appropriate channels of the District Administration. 96

98 4. Development and Panchayat Department 5. District Red Cross Society 6. Education Department 7. Electricity Department 8. Fire Services Forest Department Himachal Pradesh Roadways. Health Department Provision of training for formation of teams to engage with the issues of hygiene and sanitation at the village level through the Gram Panchayat. Provision of training regarding relief distribution and shelter & camp management as directed by District Administration. Provision of training for the preparation of ward-level and village level first aid teams. Ensure organisation of blood donation camps on a regular basis during normal times. Organise drives to recruit volunteers to help with blood donation camps and other activities. Formation and training of damage and needs assessment teams within the department. Provision of trainings in first aid and basic survival skills for teachers and students in the district. Ensuring the same at primary and elementary level also. Education and awareness programs should be designed in such a way so that the disaster management education in the school/college curriculum could be included. Capacity building at the institutional level should be done by carrying out various activities under the National School Safety Programme (NSSP). The timely purchase of electric equipments necessary for maintaining a state of adequate preparedness and for speedy and efficient disaster response, through the appropriate channels of the District Administration The trained Fire Services personnel should be placed on record within a districtlevel database of persons trained in disaster management. Conduct regular refreshers course for staff within department. Train fire fighting staff and personnel for dealing with hazardous materials and accidents involving the same. Train officers/ officials/ staff of MAH units and other industries in fire fighting techniques. Procurement of specialised equipments, hydraulic platform, HAZMAT van, advanced rescue tender, etc. Procurement of SAR equipment & training of specialised teams. Formation and training of teams within the department for catching wild/escaped animals who pose a threat to human safety. Train staff to deal with cases of forest fire. Provision of training to drivers, conductors and staff in first aid and basic life saving techniques Adequate stocking/replenishing of First Aid kits and maintenance of fire extinguishers in all vehicles and depots in the district. Formation and training of damage and needs assessment teams within the department. Provision of trainings for paramedics, mobile medical teams, psychological first aid teams, psycho-social care teams and QRMTs. Timely procurement/purchase of portable equipments for field and hospital diagnosis, triage, etc. Provision of trainings for health attendants and ambulance staff in first aid and life-saving techniques. Provision of training to members of local communities in health and hygiene practices. Capacity building at the institutional level should be done by carrying out various activities under the Hospital Emergency Preparedness Programme (HEPP). 97

99 2. Home Guards 3. Irrigation Department 4. Police Department 5. Revenue & Disaster Management Department Provision of trainings for volunteers in search and rescue (SAR), first aid, traffic management, dead body management, evacuation, shelter and camp management, mass care and crowd management. The purchase of SAR equipments through the appropriate channels of the District Administration. Provision of trainings to all human resources with regard to early-warning for flood. The timely purchase of early warning and communication equipments through appropriate channels of the District Administration. Awareness regarding Participatory Irrigation Management for farmer staff. Training & awairness camp are organized by the department from time to time at training centre CCDU Dhangsidhar participate from PRI, Anganwadi DWSC are trained. In addition to the awairness camp also organized in village, schools level by folk media group through IEC activity. The efforts of the police go a long way in helping avoid and/or control chaos at disaster sites. They also help prevent human trafficking which is increasingly common in the aftermath of disasters these days. The trained police personnel should be placed on record within a district-level database of persons trained in disaster management. Trainings for the police personnel are thus, an important aspect of capacity-building in the district. District police also receives training specific to the role of the department from the Himachal Pradesh Police. Develop trained human resource as swimmers, divers and boat-operators in view of flood vulnerability of the district. Form and train team in first aid, search and rescue and basic life saving techniques. Adequate stocking/replenishing of first aid kits, boats, oars, OBM, life jackets, life buoy, and public addressable system. 6.6 Civil Engineers (Structural capacity building) There is strong evidence that appropriate engineering intervention can significantly reduce the risk of disasters. Civil engineers also play an important role in post-disaster conditions in rescue operations, damage assessment and the retrofitting of structures. Civil engineers need to keep themselves updated about the latest research and developments in construction technology, advances in construction materials and analysis or design procedures. Civil engineers should also take support from other branches of engineering for the better planning, execution and functioning of their building and infrastructure projects. Trainings to civil engineers will be provided by, HIPA. Furthermore, at the district level, civil engineers will conduct training of masons for construction of earthquake-resistant structures. Such trainings will be facilitated by the DDMA, Mandi. 6.7 Corporate & Professionals The National Disaster Management Framework emphasizes on the involvement of corporate sector in awareness generation and disaster preparedness and mitigation planning. Keeping in mind the need to mainstream disaster management concerns at multiple levels of the corporate sector, the following steps should be taken into consideration:. Through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), corporate can assist in development projects, and thus help enhance the capacity at the district-level. 2. Conducting mock-drills at regular intervals to determine the efficacy of the disaster management plans. 98

100 3. Large-scale association with awareness generation initiatives aimed at building the knowledge, attitude and skills of the common people for a safer habitat. 4. To move away from relief centric approach to a pro-active approach through risk management measures and capacity-building of industrial personnel through Business Continuity Planning (BCP), trainings and other measures. 5. Training of a core team of Structural Engineers for retrofitting of existing industrial infrastructure as per requirement. 6.8 Strengthening of District (EOC) As mentioned in Chapter 5, the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) contains important equipments and resources such as maps and communication equipments including landline telephones, mobile phones, satellite phones, walkie-talkie, ham radio, computer/laptop with printer facility, facility, fax machine, television, etc. In addition, it will also contain LCD monitors, printers, video-conferencing equipment, power sources and backups, copies of plans, etc. It is crucial to strengthen the district-level EOC. This can be done by ensuring regular training of all staff meant to be present in the EOC. 6.9 Capacity Building at the Community Level Capacity building at the community level includes awareness, sensitisation, orientation and developing skills of communities and community leaders. At the district level, assistance will be provided by consolidating the know-how and practical training provided by NDRF, Civil Defence and NGOs, District Red Cross, Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Anganwadi centres and disseminating it within the communities and school. Multiple responsibilities within the arena of capacity-building and training will be delegated to local authorities, PRIs and ULBs under the overall guidance of District authorities. It is also crucial to focus on imparting training, cultivating community awareness and ensuring skill-development among members of the community. Furthermore, capacity-building at the community level should be done on the Public Private Partnership (PPP) model. This can be done by ensuring identification of local resources and developing local infrastructure through PPP. Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) and Village Contingency Planning (VCP) are also critical for capacity building at the community-level and will be managed by the concerned departments in the district District Mandi: Community Awareness and Community Based Disaster Preparedness Planning The hazard analysis of the district indicates that there is a high need of community awareness through public awareness programmes on the following themes of disaster: - Types of disasters and basic do s and don ts related to those disasters. - Construction and retrofitting techniques for disaster resistant buildings. - Communication of possible risk based vulnerable areas in the district. - Evacuation related schemes and community preparedness problems. Volunteers and social organizations also play a vital role in spreading mass scale community awareness. Media can also play an important role in raising awareness and educating people. Community Disaster Management Planning is one of the vital components of community preparedness. It 99

101 involves all important parameters related to hazard awareness, evacuation planning, resource inventory, community level taskforces and committees etc which helps community members in organizing themselves to combat disaster in a pre-planned manner. Preparation of community plans encourages promotes preparedness planning at community level. District administration is also imparting trainings on regular basis to the volunteers of SERVs and Home Guards, Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangthan, Market Trade Associations, Self Help Group and NGOs etc to involve them to into community planning. Table 6.2: Community Preparedness Strategies S. No Nodal Agencies Supporting Agencies Through Nukkad Natak, Film Shows, Rallies, Media, Newspaper Media, Posters and Pamphlets, Group discussions and workshops etc District Administration Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangthan(NYKS), Market trade Unions (MTAs), Rotary Clubs, Non Government organizations(ngos), Schools and colleges volunteers, NSS, NCC etc. Constitution of Community Based Disaster Management Committees and Taskforces Through community level meetings District Administration Members, Local Volunteers etc. 3. Capacity Building of Community Members Through mock-drills, preparation of community plans, trainings and workshops on disaster specific topics District administration HG, NYKS, 08 Ambulance and NGOs 4. Trainings to the taskforces and committee members First-Aid and Trauma Counseling Search and rescue and firefighting Warning Dissemination etc. Trainings and workshops Revenue Department along with Health, Police and Fire Departments Home Guard, 08 Ambulance and NGOs 5. Post disaster epidemic problems Seminars and community meetings Health department Local health departments 6 Trainings for construction of seismic resistant buildings and retrofitting of the buildings. Target groups are contractors, masons, engineers, architects and local communities Showing Films, videos, distributing posters and brochures, reading materials, etc in trainings and workshops or any other community gathering Revenue department SDMC, PWD, Private contractors and NGOs etc 2. Tasks Priority-wise information dissemination of various hazards and their do s and don ts. Also preparation of community based disaster management plans shall be promoted in these areas. First priority shall be given to the schools, industrial clusters, slums and resettlement colonies Second Priority shall be given to the communities living in the outer part of the district especially villages. Mode of conduct 00

102 6.. Capacity Building of Community Task forces Community taskforces and community committees have been constituted at block & panchayat level and training provide to them by government and non-government agencies. District administration, Medical officers, Himachal Pradesh Fire Services and Home Guard, SERVs etc. are playing important role in building capacities of community task forces in building their capacities in search and rescue, fire-fighting, warning dissemination, first-aid and damage assessment etc. Indian Red Cross Society has organized seminars to train taskforces and volunteers in basic first-aid. Medical Officer & 08 National Ambulance Service is helping in providing trainings and lectures. Similarly, Himachal Pradesh Fire Services along with HG gives trainings on search and rescue and firefighting. Himachal Pradesh Police provides trainings on warning dissemination, traffic norms, communication and damage assessment Table 6.3: Capacity Building of Community Task force. Setting Up of Disaster Volunteer Force Identification& Training Block level Task Force G.P. Level Task Force Village Level Task Force Warning Group- Warn the community of the impending danger. Rescue & Evacuation Group- To be put into task immediately after abatement of calamity. Water & Sanitation Group- Ensured safe drinking water in the shelter camps, MCS Shelter management Group- Shall remain overall charge of managing the evacuees in shelter camps. First Aid & Medical Group- Shall take care of the minor elements in the rescue camp. Patrolling and Liaison Group- Shall watch & Word belongings of the inmates in the shelter camps & keep liaison with Govt. 6.2 Capacity Building of persons with disabilities It is important to consider the special/specific needs of persons with disabilities in every phase of disaster management and risk reduction. Table 6.4: Specific needs of persons with Disabilities in every phase of Disaster Management Reduction. Disaster Management/ Risk Reduction Phases: Preparedness Immediate Response/ Recovery Mitigation/ Rehabilitation Development Addressing Specific/Special Needs of PWDs: Medical treatment / therapy/medications Assistive/mobility aids Infrastructure/relief accessibility Community attitudes towards PWDs Awareness and Training Not all organizations can focus on disability issues to the same extent; every organization has to choose its level of involvement and accordingly obtains the appropriate education/training/ skilled personnel. Options for different organizations are outlined below: Mainstreaming disability within the organization ensure that disability is included as a in all activities. Sensitizing staff, volunteers, and managers towards disability through exposure is the first step in understanding difficulties encountered by PWDs (e.g. contact disabled peoples organizations, visit organizations already involved in disability) Training and sensitization campaign for community level disaster management committees and community volutes on disability issues. 0

103 6.3 Development of IEC Material Addressing the specific requirements of vulnerable regions and the risk mitigation and preparedness needs of identified communities, various IEC material like list of do s and don ts, posters, leaflets, banners, training modules and audio visual material must be produced using capacity-building funds of the state. The aim is to develop a large body of advocacy and awareness materials, especially in vernacular languages, targeting vulnerable groups such as women, children, elderly, differently-abled, and marginalized and excluded groups. Table 6.5: Development of IEC Material Dissemination of Other IEC Materials MODE AGENCY RESPONSIBLE Slide in Cinema Hall CDMO Through field agencies BDOs - Through CBOs/ Village volunteers NGOs through Block level NGO network OIC Judicial, Deputy commissioner Hand Bills, Paper advertisement DPRO & BDO Media & Press release Information Officer Posters, Cartoons, Charts, Photographs, Folk song CBOs/ NGOs /schools Training Camps, Group discussion and special lectures by Community Leaders DPRO, BDO, DCR Wall Painting, Street Play, Village Task Force/ Volunteers Training 6.4 Simulation Exercises As per Section 30 (2) (x) of DM Act 2005, the District Authority shall review the state of capabilities for responding to any disaster or threatening disaster situation in the district & give directions to the relevant departments or authorities at the district level for their up gradation as may be necessary. As per Section 30 (2) (xi) of DM Act 2005, the District Authority shall review the preparedness measures & give directions to the concerned departments at the district level or other concerned authorities where necessary for bringing the preparedness measures to the levels required for responding effectively to any disaster or threatening disaster situation. Lessons learnt from the actual drills and exercises would be useful to revise operational plans and serve as a basis for the training of various stakeholders across different sectors. The drills and exercises will help to Identify planning gaps Revise SOPs to enhance coordinated emergency response Increase public awareness and community readiness Enhance capacities of professionals, departments and trained volunteers Test plans and systems in simulation exercises Table 6.6: Simulation Exercises of District Training and Mock Drills MODE AGENCY RESPONSIBLE Training Programme for Rescue & Relief SP, Dist. Fire Officer, Civil Defence, NGOs, CBOs Training for common people on Health Care, Sanitation & First Aid Disaster Orientation Training of Police/ Fire Personnel/ Medical Teams CDMO, BDOs & CBOs HPSDMA/ DDMA/ UNDP/ 02

104 6.5 Proposed District Training Calendar District Disaster Management Authority (Mandi) conducted several preparedness programmes. Some of the important programmes are given as follows: Following stakeholders are key for disaster response and hence they need to be adequately trained for managing response. The capacity building will cover functional, managerial as well as policy aspects of Disaster Management. To enhance capacity for disaster management the following training plan is proposed: Table 6.7: Proposed District Training Calendar Target departme nts Potential training institutes Training for 400 teachers Education DIET, SCERT 2 trainings /Quarter Long term / existing institutions 00 Health IGMC HIPA Quarterly Short term / outside institutions PWD NIT Hamirpur IIT Mandi Ongoing \regular Medium term using local as well as outside institutions Quarterly Long/ Short term Regular Long/ Short term Health IGMC HIPA /SDMA Red Cross Quarterly Short term Batch of 5-20 DDMA SDMA/ NDRF HIPA Half yearly Short/ Medium term Relief supply Batch of 5-20 Participants Food and Supply SDMA / NDRF HIPA Red Cross Half yearly Emergency Recovery coordination for DM Professionals Batch of 5-20 DDMA SDMA HIPA Red Cross Half yearly Medium/ Long term DDMA Half yearly Medium/ Long term Nature of training Demand Teacher sensitization Training doctors on Mass casualty management Sensitization program for engineers and masons Advanced search & Rescue training for Home Guards and Fire fighter Emergency WASH Training Training of ASHA, ANM for medical first response / psychosocial care Emergency Operation Center staff training Emergency Shelter Batch of 30 to 40 Batch of 5-20 Participants Home Guards and Fire Batch of 5-20 IPH Participants Participants NDRF, Bhatinda Atal Bihari Mountaineering and sports allied institute, Manali Water Sports Academy HIPA/SDMA Red Cross PWD NDRF HIPA Red Cross Frequency Timeline and approach Short term 03

105 CHAPTER-7: RESPONSE AND RELIEF MEASURES 7.. Introduction and Objective The post disaster phase of Disaster Management looks into Relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction and recovery. The effective disaster management strategy aims to lessen disaster impacts through strengthening and reorienting existing organizational and administrative structure from district state to national level. Relief on the contrary, is viewed as an overarching system of facilitation of assistance to the victims of disaster for their rehabilitation in States and ensuring social safety and security of the affected persons. Relief needs to be prompt, adequate and of approved standards. It is no longer perceived only as gratuitous assistance or provision of emergency relief supplies on time. Emergency response plan is, thus, a first attempt to follow a multihazard approach to bring out all the disasters on a single platform, incorporating disaster resilient features to build back better as the guiding principle. It provides a framework to the primary and secondary agencies and departments, which can outline their own activities for disaster response. Response process begins as soon as it becomes apparent that a disastrous event is imminent and lasts until the disaster is declared to be over Disaster response is aimed at: Saving Life-Minims the Loss- Stabilising the Situation Response Planning The onset of an emergency creates the need for time sensitive actions to save life and property, reduce hardships and suffering, and restore essential life support and community systems, to mitigate further damage or loss and provide the foundation for subsequent recovery. Effective response planning requires realistic identification of likely response functions, assignment of specific tasks to individual response agencies, identification of equipment, supplies and personnel required by the response agencies for performing the assigned tasks. A response plan essentially outlines the strategy and resources needed for search and rescue, evacuation, etc. Table 7.: Response planning phases during the early warning Pre-Disaster Responsible Deptt. Activate control room if necessary DDMA will activate the control room at district level. Control room at SubDivision and Tehsil level will be activating by concerned disaster management authority. Quick Damage and Need Assessment Review situation DDMA will review all the situation on the basis of data and reports provide by the line departments Search and rescue Remove assets from dangerous areas PWD will facilitates all these activities in coordination with RTO, HRTC Post-Disaster Responsible Deptt. Multi-Sectoral committees encompass all line departments constituted by DDMA Home Guard/Civil Defence/Fire with coordination with Police and NDRF (if required) 04

106 Coordination with all line departments Chief Executive officer appointed by DDMA will coordinate Activate all Quick response Team QRTs/ First Responder Team Activate Line Departments/Agencies to Quick restoration of basic utilities and critical infrastructure e.g. Roads, Life Line Buildings i.e. Hospital, Blood Bank, Schools and Banks, Admin Building, Electricity, Water/Sanitation Sharing, reporting and communicating the info to the State and National Level and Requisition for assistance to prompt response or relief DDMA will coordinate with all available QRTs in the District Communicate warning (Inform community likely to be affected by the impending disaster Inform line departments / agencies to mobile resources/ teams for quick deployment) DEOC will communicate the warning to all potential affected areas with support of DPRO, DRDA, Police, Home Guard, Fire and Local Administration. Stocking of Essential and basic life line Items and materials All frontline departments i.e. Medical, Food and Civil Supplies, IPH, PWD, HPSEB, Police Identification of temporary shelter Revenue Department will identify the shelter with support of PWD, MC and Education Activate and deploy the Incident Response Teams DDMA Chairman Evacuate people to temporary shelter with necessitated facilities Police and Home guard will evacuate the people to safer place or identified temporary shelter in support of Fire Deptt., NKYS, NCC, NSS and Paramilitary Forces i.e. IRB Battalion in District Provide temporary shelter and basic necessitate facilities to people Revenue Department will coordinate with all line departments DDMA will coordinate with all line departments for quick restoration Chief Executive officer appointed by DDMA will coordinate Table 7.2: Response planning phases during the no early warning Activities Activate control room and forward the report to state and national level All heads of the departments will report to the Control Room Activation of damages and needs assessment teams to undertake damages and needs assessment Restoration of Critical and life line infrastructure Responsible Deptt. DDMA will activate the control room at district level. Control room at Sub-Division and Tehsil level will be activating by concerned disaster management authority. CEO of DDMA will report to higher Authority DDMA will coordinate with line departments Multi-Sectoral committees encompass all line departments constituted by DDMA will undertake an assessment of damages to assets and infrastructure and assess the needs of the community. PWD, IPH, HPSEB, Health and family Welfare, Food and Civil Supplies will initiate efforts to restore the infrastructure starting especially with the most critical infrastructure that could assist relief 05

107 Activate and deploy the Incident Response Teams Provide relief to the affected communities Coordinate relief operations Request for possible help from external sources/ Resource s Mobilization Chief Executive officer appointed by DDMA will coordinate DDMA will coordinate with food and civil supplies, health and family welfare, Police, RTO, HRTC, PWD and IPH DDMA and Revenue Deptt coordinate with Incident response team at Hierarchical admin level e.g. SDM, BDO, Tehsildar, ZP Chief Executive officer appointed by DDMA will coordinate 7.3 Disaster Response Functions to be carried out: 7.3. Early Warning Phase: Activation of Control Room/EOC: As soon as EW Message/Information is available through IMD/CWC/GSI, DDMA will activate EOC/CR. Inform Community likely to be impacted 2. Inform Line Departments/Agencies 3. Hold Meetings of DDMA 4. Requisition of NDRF 5. Requisition of Paramilitary-IRB/TBP/SSB Immediate Post Disaster Phase. Search & Rescue: Home Guard/Civil Defence/Fire will carried out the search and rescue with coordination with Police and NDRF and the existed Paramilitary Forces within or nearby the district. 2. Quick Damage Assessments: DDMA will constitute a multi-sectoral damage and need assessment team which will carry out the process of damage and need assessment and report to the DDMA for further action. The multi-sectoral teams will be constituted and its members having local knowledge and will comes from different expertise to do the synthesis damage and need assessment compressively. The team will conduct damage assessment in the special following sectors Table 7.3: Damage assessment in context to Response Sl. No Damages Roads and Bridges Life Line Buildings Food and Civil Supplies Houses Water lines and Tanks Electricity Communication Medical Infrastructure Monuments Agriculture Crops and Horticulture Livestock Forest 06

108 7.4. Quick Need Assessments Need assessment will be undertaken by a multi-sectoral team with a special focus on the following sectors mentioned in table 7.3 Table 7.4: Need assessment in context to Response Sl.No Sector of Need Temporary Shelter Food and Civil Supplies Medical/health WASH Special Needs Psychosocial care Security needs in context to varying social groups Restoration of essential services like, roads, water facilities, power,communication 7.5. Resource Mobilization Resource mobilization is one of the most important and crucial activity when any disaster occurs in the district for responding to disaster in an efficient manner. The IDRN portal has information regarding the different kind of resources available for multi-hazard, with the various departments along with their location across district. It can lead to quick and immediate procurement of the required resources from the nearest available site and department for response to any disaster. Various resources required in the damages and needs assessment will be mobilized by the concerned departments. Following is the list of the departments which are responsible for mobilizing various needs identified in the damages and needs assessment: Table 7.5: Resource Mobilization and Responsible Department Sl. No Identified Need Action Nature of resources Responsibility. Temporary Shelter DDMA/Revenue Department will arrange relief camps/shelters. Wherever required Tents will be pitched in to accommodate affected people. Departments of Education, Health and Family Welfare will provide support Tents, sleeping bags blankets and clothing s, Sanitizer and sanitary pads, stretchers Revenue Deptt/DDMA/Health/ 2. Food and Civil Supplies Food and Civil Supplies Deptt. will Provide food, Fuel, and Drugs Essential food items and fuel Food and Civil Supplies Deptt. Medical Medical Deptt will arrange the lifesaving medicines, blood, Doctors, Paramedical staff Medicines, doctors, ANM, nurses, Asha Workers Health and Family Welfare Deptt./Red Cross WASH IPH will provide chorine tables for water purification, drinking portable water, sanitation kits Drinking water, sanitation IPH

109 6. Psychosocial care 7. Security needs in context to varying social groups 8. Road clearance 9. Power storage 0 Communication Health and Family Welfare Deptt./Red Cross will take care the reported Physco and Mental Trauma cases Maintain the Law and Order and security of Social group and tackle the human trafficking situation To restore the road function, remove the debris and clearance of any blockage To restore the power, provide the temporary chargeable generators and batteries, Him Urja will provide the Solar Lights To restore the communication network Psychosocial care Health and Family Welfare Deptt./Red Cross Trained personnel Police/Home Guard, Civil Defence Earth removers and man power HPPWD, BRO DG sets, wires, manpower, batteries, search lights, Network restoration, vsets, satellite phones, walkie talkie HPSEB and Him Urja BSNL, NIC, Police 7.6. Response Management Activation of EOC The DEOC will function to its fullest capacity on the occurrence of disaster. The district DEOC will be fully activated during disasters. The activation would come into effect either on occurrence of disaster or on receipt of warning. On the receipt of warning or alert from any approved agency which is competent to issue any early emergency warning, or on the basis of reports from SDO (Civil) or any other agencies on the occurrence of a disaster, all community preparedness measures including counter-disaster measures will be put into operation. The Deputy Commissioner will assume the role of the Chief of Operations for Disaster Management. All the line department senior official will be immediately reported to the DEOC. The DDMA will expand the Emergency Operations Centre to include Branch arrangements with responsibilities for specific tasks depending on the nature of disaster and extent of its impact. All the occurrences report would be communicated to the SEOC/SDMA, NEOC/NDMA and Supporting Agencies by means of telephone and subsequently fax periodically. The occurrence of disaster shall be immediately communicated to the stakeholders such as NGOs, trained SAR volunteers through SMS gateway (or telephonic in case of communication exist or any available communication network) for which specific provision of group mobile directory would be made Main Roles of DEOC after activation: a. Assimilation and dissemination of information. b. Liaise between Disaster site and State Head Quarter. c. Monitoring, coordinate and implement the DDMP. d. Coordinate actions and response of different departments and agencies. e. Coordinate relief and rehabilitations operations f. Hold press briefings. 08

110 Relief distribution Relief distribution will be coordinated by sub divisional, tehsil and respective disaster management committees. The onsite distribution will be done by incident response team. The updated needs will be communicated to the DDMA and the DDMA will ensure the regular supply of the required items. The relief distribution will include essential items which serves the basic needs of the affected community like LPG, medicines, clothes, food items, drinking water, soaps, blankets, items of special needs for women s, children s, handicapped and old aged Search and rescue management Search and Rescue activities include, but are not limited to, locating, extricating, and providing immediate medical assistance to victims trapped in exigency situation. People who are trapped under destroyed buildings or are isolated due to any disaster need immediate assistance. The District Commissioner, in conjunction with local authorities will be responsible for the search and rescue operations in an affected region. At present, Nodal department for this activity is NDRF and Home Guard/civil Defence Department. The helping departments for search and rescue are P.W.D., Nagar Panchayat/Nagar Palika, Self-help groups, N.S.S, N.C.C, and PRIs. There are other bodies too that help these departments in this work, like, Health department, Fire department. In doing so, the DC will be guided by relevant disaster management plans and will be supported by Government departments and local authorities. Dedicated search and rescue teams from various line departments has been formed to support the search and rescue operations in the district and more details given regarding this mentioned in Annexure-VII. Team members have to be periodically trained retrained on the elements of collapsed structure, confined space search & rescue, and rope rescue etc Information management and Media management Media has to play a major during disaster. They will aid in information dissemination about help-line, aiddistribution camps, emergency phone number or the needs of the people. Further, they will also help in quashing rumours, for crowd management and prevent panic situation. Media will also help in mobilizing resources [money, volunteers etc.] from other areas. To disseminate information about various hazards in the district and the relevant dos and don ts during and after a disaster encompass under the media management. This will be done through various media such as newspapers, television, radio, internet, media and information van, street theatre, etc. The DDMA will established an effective system of collaborating with the media during emergencies. At the District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC), a special media cell will be created during the emergency. Both print and electronic media are regularly brief by some senior official designated from DDMA at predetermined time intervals about the events as they occur and the prevailing situation on ground. The DPRO in consultation with the DDMA would take appropriate steps in this direction also too VIP management It may be possible that the scale of a disaster may in addition prompt visits of the VVIPS/VIP which further requires the active management to ensure the effortlessly ongoing response and relief work without any interruption. DDMA will designate senior official to handle the VVIPs/VIPs visits to the affected areas and further to brief the VVIP/VIP beforehand about the details of casualties, damage and the nature of the disaster. 09

111 The Police and Home guard will handle all the security of VVIPs/VIP during their visit. It would be desirable to restrict media coverage of such visits, in which case the police should liaise with the government press officer to keep their number to minimum NGO Coordination and Management Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) will play as one of the most effective alternative means of achieving an efficient communications link between the disaster management agencies and the effected community due to their outreach at the grassroots level. As per the section 35 and 38 of the DM Act 2005 stipulates that the DDMA shall specifically emphasize the coordination of actions with NGOs. In typical disaster situation, DDMA with the support of DRDA, will coordinate the NGOs/CBO s and further manage their work in prompt response, relief and rescue and also in monitoring and feedback at grassroots level by the agreeable community participation? 7.7. Disposal of dead bodies and carcass District administration will coordinate to arrange the mass cremation burial of the dead bodies with support of police & forest department after observing all codal formalities & maintain the video recording of such unclaimed dead bodies after properly handing over the same to their kith or kin. Department of animal husbandry in association with the local administration shall be responsible for the deposal of the animal carcass in case of mass destruction Seeking external help for assistance According to local requirements of district and by keeping in view the scale of Disaster, vulnerabilities and capacities lies in the district following assistance may be required in worst case of disaster. Doctors (Surgeon /Anaesthetics etc) Air Sortie (Rescue Operations) Baily bridges sets/ materials. Water resistant tents for shelters during rain Post Disaster Financial Support As a matter of policy, the GoI does not issue any appeal for foreign assistance in the wake of a disaster. However, if the Government of another country voluntarily offers assistance as a goodwill gesture in solidarity with the disaster victims, the GoI may accept the offer. UN agencies and international NGOs already operating in the country at the time of the disaster event will be allowed to provide humanitarian assistance to people in the affected area in coordination with the concerned Central Ministries/Departments and the State Government under existing protocol in place Assessing requirements of foreign assistance While making an assessment of the requirements of foreign assistance, certain factors should be kept in mind: prioritization of needs non-inclusion of highly perishable items respect for local cultural practices and sensitivities 0

112 awareness of international laws and regulations governing these subjects 7.0 Multilateral Assistance: In the case of an offer of assistance from UN Agencies: Their offer will be accepted subject to the GoI s approval. The MEA and the MHA will take a decision based on factors such as the appropriateness of the offer, among others, the concerned UN agencies will coordinate with the respective Ministries handling specific areas of assistance offered for GoI s approval upon accepting the offer of assistance, the GoI will issue directions to the respective State Government to coordinate with the concerned UN agencies any intention on the part of the UN agencies to conduct an individual or joint assessment of the situation will require the permission of the GoI and the concerned State Government. Any financial assistance offered by UN financial institutions involving foreign exchange will require the approval of the Department of Economic Affairs, GoI. 7.. Management of Tourist Tourism is unique from a disaster planning perspective and is exposed to more danger than other industries. The behaviour of tourists in a destination is unpredictable and therefore harder to control in the event of a disaster. This creates a stronger need to easily accessible information in remote areas. In many cases, tourists do not speak the local language and cannot easily locate instructions of how to behave or to react, where to go, who to talk to and what the emergency procedures. The reasons mentioned above emphasize the need for District administration will coordinate with district tourism officer to create a disaster knowledge system that can communicate information to tourists and employees alike to reduce the amount of loss and damage to human life and property. DDMA will coordinate also with Police, DTDO and DPRO for information management and coordinating response and relief elated to tourists including National as well as international. Codal formalities will be followed in identification and documentation of tourists and the details associated to them. Media may play important role in communication and information dissemination by starting help lines. Assistance from state may be required for issues pertaining to foreigners. 7.2 Staging Area Management Staging Areas will be established in open grounds with approachable distance from the affected sites to prevent further damages due to recurring hazards. Staging Area May be established in Public Grounds/ Open spaces/ Play grounds of Schools and Colleges etc. Disaster Management Committees at all the levels from district to Village level will appoint the officer for Management of Staging area under intimation to DDMA. Documentation of resources movement at each level mentioned above will be done by revenue department with the support of concerned departments. The demands as well as reports will be prepared by revenue department submitted to DDMA for further decision and actions. 7.3 Relief Transport management DDMA along with the Disaster Management committees at each level will coordinate the transportation of relief materials for which HRTC and RTO will provide primary support. Vehicles of government functionaries, school buses and taxies will hired on pre negotiated rates.

113 7.4 Debris management &Roads clearance Municipal council/ Corporation, PWD will primarily be responsible for Debris Management at each level and will identify the suitable place for dumping as well as will be responsible for clearance of roads by clearing debris for restoring commutation of response and relief teams. Forest department, Police, Home guards will support in clearance of roads blocked by fallen trees and Table 7.6. Restoration of Essential Services SN Service Responsible Departments Supporting Agencies. Electricity HPSEB DDMA, Local Government 2. Communication BSNL,, DPRO and Police 3. Road transport HPPWD, Municipal Council/ Corporation DDMA, Local Government 4. Repair of culverts HPPWD, I&PH DDMA, Local Government 5. Debris removal Municipal Council/ Corporation DDMA, Local Government 6. Restoration of hospitals Medical Services/ Red Cross DDMA, Local Government HPPWD 7. Restoration of schools Education Department/ PWD DDMA, Local Government 8. Restoration of financial mechanism such Revenue Department DDMA, as ATMs, Banks etc 9. Restoration of vegetable markets DFSC, Association DDMA 0. Restoration of Water Supplies I&PH, DDMA, PWD 2

114 Chapter 8: Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Recovery 8. Introduction Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Recovery process demands coordinated focus of multi disciplinary aspects of reconstruction and rehabilitation to ensure appropriate recovery. It is essential to understand disaster reconstruction, rehabilitation as a holistic framework to achieve appropriate recovery. It will be in the form of recommendation rather than the rule. 8.2 Mechanisms of Disaster Recovery Post Disaster Recovery has been typically described at four levels. Relief immediately after the calamity, lasting from the first 24 hours to about two to three months and catering to immediate shelter, food, water and medical assistance. Reconstruction following relief and extending to a period of approximately two years, aimed at rebuilding the basic physical infrastructure and shelter to enable people to begin afresh; and, Rehabilitation, that looks at more long term inputs of reinstating lost livelihoods, introducing new economic opportunities and improving land and water management processes so as to reduce people s vulnerability and enhance capacities to handle future calamities. Recovery the restoring or improving of livelihoods and health, as well as economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets, systems and activities, of a disaster-affected community or society, aligning with the principles of sustainable development and build back better, to avoid or reduce future disaster risk. 8.3 Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Recovery Process Reconstruction, rehabilitation and recovery process should be able to divide the recovery in to immediate and medium term and long term priorities. To put all the desired activities into a frame, DDMA has planned to move on in the following ways: Restoration of basic infrastructure essential service as per the relief code of the State /District livelihoods Reconstruction/repair of lifeline buildings/social infrastructure damaged buildings Promote "Owner Driven Approach" in recovery Recovery Program: Short-term recovery program: Short-term livelihood security measures, loans, assistance/aid/ grants Long-term recovery program: Sustainable livelihood, Insurance etc. For example, restoration utilities and reconstruction of connecting roads should be immediate priorities, repair and reconstruction of houses and social infrastructure should be medium term priority and achieving behavior change, economic rehabilitation, promoting risk transfer should be long term priorities. Rehabilitation and 3

115 reconstruction are primarily carried out by the local bodies (Gram Panchayats, District, Talukas, Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, etc.) and different Government departments and boards. The reconstruction and rehabilitation plan is designed specifically for worst case scenario. Post disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation should pay attention to the following activities for speedy recovery in disaster affected areas. The contribution of both government as well as affected people is significant to deal with all the issues properly. 8.4 Immediate and Long Term recovery plan includes following broad activities 8.4. Damage Assessment For effective recovery plan, access to accurate and timely damage assessment is necessary as it helps the planners to identify the number and type of buildings damaged and destroyed as well as the spatial extent of the hazard consequences, number and location of displaced people, loss of agricultural land, etc Disposal of debris For ensuring uninterrupted or effective rescue and relief measures, removal of debris or trees from primary transportation routes has to be done first. Dead bodies of humans and animals are found in debris and hence health department works in tandem with debris removal agencies Disbursement of assistance for housing repair and reconstruction The Government, through Housing Department or any other department as it deems appropriate may formulate a repair and restoration policy. This should neither be treated as compensation for damage nor as an automatic entitlement and is only relief assistance within the limits of the relief norms. The main purpose of repair is to bring back the architectural shape of buildings to resume their functioning at the earliest. 8.5 Formulation of assistance packages The assistance package aims at establishing a sustainable and viable farming and livelihood support system through debt relief to farmers and small scale business, complete institutional credit coverage, crop-centric approach to agriculture and assured irrigation facilities. This assistance may be provided by national or international agencies and organizations. Effective coordination of disaster assistance is often crucial, particularly when many organizations respond and capacity has been exceeded by the demand or diminished by the disaster itself. 8.6 Monitoring and review Implementation of Recovery Plan actions, and how well these actions are working, will be Monitored and annual reports of monitoring results will be made publicly available. 8.7 Relocation When reconstruction also involves relocation of the community, the relocation site should be in close proximity to the existing sources of livelihood such as places of work, agricultural farms, livestock facilities, markets, etc. This will ensure favorable conditions for livelihood generation and other economic activities. DDMA, Mandi should plan and procure land for rehabilitation in consultation with the targeted community members to meet the above mentioned aspects 4

116 8.8 Town planning and development plans Recovery program should aim at the overall development of the affected communities and not confined only to giving relief facilities and rebuilding of damaged houses. This can be achieved through involvement and participation of the communities in decision making process. Extensive and active participation of different social groups, Villagers should be encouraged in all aspects of recovery process from reconstruction of individual dwelling units to socio economic development of the affected communities. It will generate a sense of involvement of the beneficiaries. 8.9 Reconstruction as Housing Replacement Policy The management of relief shelters is continued from the response phase to the immediate recovery phase and done through Incident Command System. The incident command oversees the operations while the Relief Camp Manager manages the shelter. During this period, the number of victims must be identified for whom construction of houses under IAY and RAY shall be sanctioned. 8.0 Donor and NGO coordination In order to ensure timely completion of recovery process, optimum use of available man power and machineries under effective supervision is very important. Human resources that are provided by the NGO s, local communities and by volunteers has to be utilized under proper guidance 8. Awareness and capacity building The Primary Task of this administration is to create Public Awareness about the effects of an disaster. The Cell should cause wide publicity on the DO s and DON T s during such times, such publicity can be made through Newspapers, Television, Radio and also by printing Posters Leaflets \. The cell can also arrange publicity in the Rural Areas on market days. Street plays and songs may be composed and shown in the rural areas. All relevant functionaries of the Government at the Rural and the Urban level should be co-ordinate to cause vide publicity. 8.2 Grievance redressal Grievance redressal is important aspect in the context of providing need based assistance to affected communities with transparency and accountability. It is also ensuring the protection of their rights and entitlements for disaster response services. 5

117 Table 8.: Sector specific approach and processes for Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Recovery are as follows Sector Approach Process Public assets: Roads and bridges Culverts Public buildings like hospitals and schools Multi hazard resistant construction to be followed while reconstruction of public assets. For example Hazard resistant buildings to be made with the help of certified engineers. Use of non-shrinking mortar Evacuation plans to be made for the public buildings Non-structural mitigation measures to be taken into consideration Risk sensitive development will be ensured in each of the reconstruction Programme. For example: landslide and flood zone mapping to be implemented Detailed geological survey of the land to be used for reconstruction. Recommendations from PDNA report to be considered. Utilities Water supply electricity communication Multi hazard resistant construction to be followed. For example: Water pipelines, communication equipment used can be of such material which can resist impact of certain hazards Risk sensitive development will be ensured Electric and communication junctions to be installed after considering landslide and flood zonation. Recommendations from PDNA report to be considered. Detailed damages and needs assessment: Multi sectoral/ multi-disciplinary teams are to be made which can do a detailed damage and need assessment of the entire area. Develop a detailed recovery plan through multi departmental participation. Specific recovery plan through consultative process of different line department are to be made. Consider risk due to climate change and ensure adequate adaptation measures Arrange for funds from Central government, state government, multi-lateral agencies (World Bank or ADB) Multi sectoral Project Management Unit to be made. The process of monitoring and manipulation is to be done by SDMA. Detailed damages and needs assessment: Multi sectoral/multi-disciplinary teams are to be made which can do a detailed damage and need assessment of the utilities of the entire area. Develop a detailed recovery plan through multi departmental participation including specific line departments and other stake holders. Consider risk due to climate change and ensure adequate adaptation measures Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes The socio-economic rehabilitation committee shall co-ordinate along with Social Welfare Department for provision of support for livelihood to SCs and BCs. Arrange for funds from Central government, state government, multi-lateral (World Bank or ADB) Multi sectoral Project Management Unit to be made. Monitoring and evaluation: The process of monitoring and manipulation is to be done by SDMA. Various schemes such as Financial Assistance for Training, tailoring to Scheduled Castes/ Backward Castes destitute/widowed women/girls, and Housing Schemes for SCs, etc. have potential to support the targeted vulnerable sections. 6

118 Housing Economic restoration Agriculture Horticulture Industry Allied sectors Tourism etc. Multi hazard resistant construction to be followed. Risk sensitive development will be ensured Owner driven approach will be preferred. For example: National and State schemes like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (rural/ urban) and Mukhya Mantri Awas Yojna can be included in construction of the individual houses. Non-structural mitigation measures to be taken into consideration Use of non-shrinking mortar Further loans can be sourced through banks and other financial institutions. Livelihood Restoration Multi sectoral assessment Assess direct and indirect losses. Develop sectoral strategies the sectors that affected the poorest. the sectors which are most critical for district s economy Risk sensitive development will be ensured Owner driven approach will be preferred Provision of single window insurance claim system Promote insurance facility for all sectors through government and private institutions Nature, number and types of livelihoods affected Interim and long term strategies Focus on livelihood diversification Issues related to most poor, women, and marginalized sections Livelihoods of people without assets (labor) Role of NGOs Detailed damages and needs assessment: Multi sectoral/ multi-disciplinary teams are to be made which can do a detailed damage and need assessment of the entire area. Develop a detailed recovery plan through multi departmental participation: Specific recovery plan through consultative process of different line department are to be made. Incorporate people inputs and aspirations into housing design Consider risk due to climate change and ensure adequate adaptation measures -Arrange for funds from Central government, state government and multilateral (World Bank or ADB) -Multi sectoral Project Management Unit to be made. -Monitoring and evaluation: The process of monitoring and manipulation is to be done by SDMA. -Detailed damages and needs assessment: Multi sectoral/ multi-disciplinary teams are to be made which can do a detailed damage and need assessment of the entire area. -Develop a detailed recovery plan through multi departmental participation: Specific recovery plan through consultative process of different line department are to be made. -Arrange for funds from Central government, state government, multi lateral (World Bank or ADB) -Multi sectoral Project Management Unit to be made. -Monitoring and evaluation: The process of monitoring and manipulation is to be done by SDMA. Detailed damages and needs assessment: Multi sectoral/ multi-disciplinary teams are to be made which can do a detailed damage and need assessment of the entire area. Develop a detailed recovery plan through multi departmental participation: Specific recovery plan through consultative process of different line department are to be made. Arrange for funds from Central government, state government, multi lateral (World Bank or ADB) Multi sectoral Project Management Unit to be made. Monitoring and evaluation: The process of monitoring and manipulation is to be done by SDMA. 7

119 Psychosocial rehabilitation Consider abnormal behavior of the affected communities as normal and temporary Set up effective grievances redressal mechanism Establish supportive systems for the most vulnerable communities Demonstrate sensitivity to the affected communities Provisions like trainings of line departments and staff associated with rehabilitation from institute like NIMHANS, Mental hospitals and other specialized institutes Spiritual leaders can help the community to cope up from the trauma Arrange for funds from Central government, state government, multi-lateral (World Bank or ADB) 8

120 CHAPTER 9: Financial Resources for Implementation of DDMP 9. Existing sources of Funds for Disaster Management in the District: State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF): SDRF is a fund constituted under section 48() (a) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 (53 of 2005), these guidelines are being issued under section 62 of the DM Act, Calamities Covered under SDRF: The SDRF shall be used only for meeting the expenditure for providing immediate relief to the victims of cyclones, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm, landslide, avalanches, cloud burst and pest attack. National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF): NDRF is a fund constituted under section 46 of the Disaster Management Act 2005.These Guidelines are issued under section 46 (2) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 (herein after DM Act, 2005), to supplement funds from the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) of a State, to facilitate immediate relief in case of calamities of a severe nature. Calamities Covered under NDRF: Natural Calamities of Cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm, avalanches, Cloud burst and pest attack considered being of severe nature by Government of India and requiring expenditure by a State Government in excess of the balances available in its own State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF), will qualify for immediate relief assistance from NDRF. Flexi-funds under Centrally Sponsored Schemes: NITI Aayog has issued instructions for Rationalization of CSS, vide OM No. O-03/02/205-CSS & CMC dated 7th August, 206. These instructions are applicable for Centrally Sponsored Schemes with one of the key objective To undertake mitigation/ restoration activities in case of natural calamities, or to satisfy local requirements in areas affected by internal security disturbances. Therefore, the CSS mentioned in Chapter 4 of this plan are one potential source of funding for mitigation/restoration activities. 9.2 Funds to be created under DM Act 2005 District Disaster Response Funds (DDRF) DDRF is proposed to be created at the District Level as mandated by Section 48 of the DM Act. The disaster response funds at the district level would be used by the DDMA towards meeting expenses for emergency response, relief, rehabilitation in accordance with the guidelines and norms laid down by the Government of India and the State Government. District Disaster Mitigation Funds (DDMF) District Disaster Mitigation funds would be created at the District Level as mandated under Section 48 of the DM Act DDMF is to be used for the mitigation funds by the DDMAs for the purpose of mitigation as per the HP State Disaster Management Rules 20. 9

121 9.3 Responsibilities of the State Departments and Agencies All State Government Departments, Boards, Corporations, PRIs and ULBS have to prepare their DM plans under Section 40 of The DM Act These Departmental DM Plans are already under preparation at the State Level including the financial projections to support these plans. The necessary financial allocations will be made as part of their annual budgetary allocations, and ongoing programmes. They will also identify mitigation projects and project them for funding in consultation with the SDMA/DDMA to the appropriate funding agency. 9.4 Techno-Financial Regime Considering that the assistance provided by the Government for rescue, relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction needs cannot compensate for massive losses on account of disasters, new financial tools such as catastrophe risk financing, risk insurance, catastrophe bonds, micro-finance and insurance etc., will be promoted with innovative fiscal incentives to cover such losses of individuals, communities and the corporate sector. In this regard, the Environmental Relief Fund under the Public Liability Insurance Act, 99, enacted for providing relief to chemical accident victims is worth mentioning. Some financial practices such as disaster risk insurance, microfinance and micro-insurance, warranty on newly constructed houses and structures and linking safe construction with home loans will be considered for adoption. 9.5 Other Financing Options DDMA in coordination with the departments will identify other financing options for restoration of infrastructure/livelihoods, like utilization of flexi fund within Centrally Sponsored Scheme for mitigation/restoration activities in the event of natural calamities in accordance with the broad objective of the Central Sector Scheme. Opportunities of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) & Public-Private Sectors funds investments would also be explored and elaborated by the DDMA for increasing disaster resilience. 20

122 Chapter 0: Procedure and Methodology for Monitoring, Evaluation, Updation and Maintenance of DDMP 0.0 Introduction The DDMP is a dynamic document and it needs to be monitored for its implementation and updated annually. This chapter establishes a procedure for the same. 0. Authority for maintaining & reviewing the DDMP The District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), Mandi will update the DDMP annually and circulate approved copies to all the stakeholder in Mandi District. DDMA, Mandi will ensure the planning, coordination, monitoring and implementation of DDMP with regards to the mentioned below clauses of the DM Act, 2005: As per Section 3, Clause (4) of DM Act 2005, mentions that the District Plan shall be reviewed and updated annually. As per sub-section (7) The District Authority shall, review from time to time, the implementation of the Plan and issue such instructions to different departments of the Government in the district as it may deem necessary for the implementation thereof. 0.2 Implementation The implementation is one of the most important components of the DDMP The line departments and the agencies of the district s which have been assigned the responsibilities for mitigation, preparedness, relief, rehabilitation and recovery under the DDMP shall be responsible for the implementation of their respective planned actions. The DDMA shall monitor the implementation of various planned actions by the line departments and the agencies as per the DDMP at least once in six months. The line departments and the agencies shall provide action taken report once in six months / before the review meeting by the DDMA The DDMA will hold review meetings once in six months at least In order to specifically monitor response preparedness mock drills shall held periodically (at least once in a year). While implementing and monitoring the DDMP the DDMA, Mandi must ensure the following:. Implementation of DDMP within the district, its updation and quarterly mock-drill 2. Implementation of all NDMA guidelines policies and plans of State Government 3. Implementation of all instructions of Revenue & Disaster Management Department 4. Department should ensure that all schemes based on the parameters of mitigation, relief and rehabilitation are identified and implemented 5. Implementation of all guidelines/instructions related to disasters from GoI and State Government 6. All officers to be trained in Disaster Management through HIPA, Shimla 7. Implementation of National bylaws 8. Implementation of Fire-safety bylaws 9. Implementation of all on-site plans of the respective industries 0. Establishment and proper functioning of Emergency Operation Center (EOC) 2

123 0.3 Post-disaster evaluation mechanism for DDMP The DDMA shall make special arrangements to collect data on a particular disaster irrespective of size and vulnerability. This post disaster evaluation mechanism shall be set up with qualified professionals, experts and researchers and the collected data shall be thoroughly crosschecked and documented in the EOC for future reference and incorporated in to DDMA during the revisions. 0.4 Schedules for Updation of DDMP: In addition to routine updation the DDMP shall be updated by:. Regular data collection system from the district Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) 2. Analysis of data 3. Review by Chairperson, DDMA 4. Updating and disseminating the updated plan The updated data of DDMP will also be maintained at the DEOC website, ready for use in any situation under the supervision of DDMA, Mandi. The DDMA will ensure regular updation of the DDMP by consulting the nodal officers of the line. While updating the DDMP the following points may be considered: Inventory of equipment in the district (DDMRI), Human Resources, their addresses and contact details (DDMRI), Valuable inputs from actual disasters and updating Matrix of past disasters and HVCRA within the District Major change in the operational activities and location through SOPs & Checklists Lessons learnt from training, near-missed incidents Inputs from mock drills/ simulation exercises Changes in disaster profile Technological developments/ innovations in identifying potential hazards Updation of databases using new technologies like GIS Change in demography of surrounding population Changes in geo-political environment Table 0.: Suggested time schedule for DDMP Updation S.No. Month Purposed Activities Oct Review of DDMP by line departments 2 Oct-Nov Submission of recommendations to DDMA by the line departments 3 Nov-Dec Amendments are distributed to all stakeholders 4 Dec-Jan Submit revised DDMP to SDMA for Approval/Uploading 22

124 0.5 Uploading of updated plans at DDMA/SDMA websites District Disaster Management Plan of the district is a public document & should be uploaded at the DDMA/SDMA websites under the supervision of the District Information Officer after each updation with prior approval of the Chairman DDMA. 0.6 Conducting of Mock Drills: Mock-drills help in evaluating response and improving coordination within the administration, among various departments, non-government agencies, other stakeholders and communities. Section 30 (2) (x) of DM Act 2005, states that District Authority shall review the state of capabilities for responding to any disaster or threatening disaster situation in the district & give directions to the relevant departments or authorities at the district level for their up gradation as may be necessary. Similarly, Section 30 (2) (xi) of DM Act 2005, also states that District Authority shall review the preparedness measures & give directions to the concerned departments at the district level or other concerned authorities where necessary for bringing the preparedness measures to the levels required for responding effectively to any disaster or threatening disaster situation. Mock-drills help in evaluating disaster preparedness measures, identify gaps and improving coordination within different government departments, non-government agencies and communities. They help in identifying the extent to which the disaster plan, ESF s, and SOPs are effective and help in revising the plan through lessons learnt and gaps identified. These drills enhance the ability to respond faster, better and in an organized manner during the response and recovery phase The Responsible parties for organizing district drills Mock Drills will be conducted within District Mandi at various levels: Level : District Level Conducting of District Level Mock drills will be the responsibility of the Deputy Commissioner Mandi, along with Additional Deputy Commissioner Mandi, in association with Key Participants Involved in Conducting a Mock drill as the incident of disaster may be: DDMA Mandi comprising of DC; Mandi; ADC Mandi; SP Mandi; SE (HPPWD, I&PH, Electricity); CMO Mandi, President Zila Parishad. Revenue Department SDM (C), Tehsildar, Block Officer Municipal Council/ Nagar Parishad Elected representatives of Panchayat Samiti -Sarpanch, Gram Sevak, Fire Brigade Personnel s Home Guards, Volunteers. DPRO & Transport Department Food and Civil Supply Department Para- military forces, ITBP and SSB NDRF, SDRF as the situation of the incident may demand Rest as per the IRS framework in chapter 4. 23

125 Level 2: Sub Divisional Level The Sub Divisional Magistrate (Civil) will be the concerned authority to conduct mock exercise at the Sub-Division level. Level 3: Block Level At Block Level the Block Development Officer will be the nodal authority to get the mock exercise conducted. Level 4: Panchayat Level The Pradhans will be nodal for organizing the mock drills at Gram Panchayat level with Village Disaster Management Committees in each village of district Mandi. Level 5: Departmental Level At the Departmental levels the HOD s of the concerned departments/ units are responsible for the on site mock drills and off- site drills with the district administration for their respective departments and concerned areas. Levels 2, 3, 4 and 5 will carry out the mock exercise with intimation of the same to the District Administration and sending in reports of the lessons learnt and gaps identified for further up gradation of the plans after the drill Schedule for organizing drills District administration shall hold mandatory mock drill twice annually for the monitoring, evaluation, updation and maintenance of DDMP. First Mock drill will be held before the beginning of the tourist season in the Month of March or April as the case may. Second drill will be held before the onset of the International shiv raatri mela at Mandi for checking the efficiency of the departments for any unforeseen incidence from taking place. All the above mentioned levels will conduct mock drills at least once in every six months to evaluate their disaster management plans. Lessons learnt from the actual drills and exercises would be useful to revise operational plans and serve as a basis for the training of various stakeholders across different sectors. The drills and exercises will help to Identify planning gaps Revise SOPs to enhance coordinated emergency response Increase public awareness and community readiness Enhance capacities of professionals, departments and trained volunteers Test plans and systems in simulation exercises 0.7 Monitoring & gap evaluation: 0.7. Ensure training for personnel The District Authority shall check whether all the personnel involved in execution of DDMP are trained & updated on the skills necessary in line with the updated SOPs. As per Section 30 (2) (xii) of DM Act 2005, the District Authority shall organize & coordinate specialized training programmes for different levels of officers, 24

126 employees & voluntary rescue workers in the district. Half yearly meeting for DDMP updation shall be organized by DDMA, under the chairmanship of Deputy Commissioner Mandi. DC should ensure for maintenance of DDMP and analysis the identified gaps. All concerned departments and agencies have to participate and give recommendations on specific issues of District Disaster Management Plan, and submit them Check on-site / off site Plans of Major Accidental Hazard Units All industrial units and power projects within Mandi district will submit their on-site/ off-site plans, after regular updation and maintenance to the DDMA for review and evaluation. They will regularly conduct on-site / offsite mock exercises annually or biannually as the case may be, to review, evaluate, and update their plans. There is no Major Hazard Unit (MHU) such as Chemical factory, Oil Refinery etc in mandi district which may lead to chemical leaks in the area. The on-site emergency plan of the concerned industrial unit is expected to take control of the situation. However, in case of transportation, hazard would normally result in an off-site disaster as the failure could take place in the public area. Based on the guidance of technical coordinators, the response team shall take rapid measures to reduce the effects. 25

127 Chapter : Coordination Mechanism for Implementation of DDMP. Introduction DDMA will play the role of coordinator for Disaster Management and will hold regular interdepartmental coordination meetings. The district head of each line department and other agencies shall be the focal point for coordination with the DDMA. The Coordination between District and Local governments is vital for the proper disaster management. It requires both inter departmental and intra departmental coordination with all the stakeholders line departments and local bodies like, HPPWD, I&PH, HPSEB, Health and Family Welfare, fire and home guards, police, BSNL, Food and Civil Supply, forest, revenue Education, Agriculture horticulture, HRTC, Red Cross, MC, NGO s. CBO s and other local authorities These partnerships recognize that each level of the disaster management arrangements must work collaboratively to ensure the effective coordination of planning, services, information and resources necessary for comprehensive disaster management. The DDMP of the district is a three tier disaster management coordination based on bottom to top approach i.e. tehsil level, Sub-Division level and District Level. This system enables a progressive escalation of support and assistance. The arrangements comprise of several key management and coordination structures. The principal structures that make up the Arrangements are: (A) Disaster management committees are operational at tehsil, Sub-Division and district level. The above committees are responsible for planning, organising, coordinating and implementing all measures required to mitigate, prevent, prepare, respond and recover from disasters the affected area under their jurisdiction. (B) Emergency Operation Centers at tehsil, Sub-Division and district level supports disaster management groups while coordinating information, resources, and services necessary for disaster operations. (C) Functional agencies of district administration, DDMA and DDEC, are responsible to coordinate and manage specific threats and provide support to other agencies on and as require. Intra-Departmental Coordination: Each line department and other agencies in the district i.e, HPPWD, I&PH, HPSEB, Health and Family Welfare, fire and home guards, police, BSNL, Food and Civil Supply, forest, revenue Education, Agriculture horticulture, HRTC, Red Cross will constitute departmental level disaster management committee headed by a gazette officer pertaining to that department. The committees will organise quarterly meetings of the committee members to analyses the preparedness level of the department in regard to disaster management. The committee will also decide the measures to be taken for reducing the gaps in their capacities and keep the proper record of the same... Sub division level coordination mechanism: As per the institutional mechanism, sub divisional officer (Civil) will call for the quarterly meeting the sub division level disaster management committee to review the preparedness level and plan to reduce the gaps identified. The chairperson will further report the situation to the DDMA and send the requisition of resources if required. 26

128 ..2 Tehsil level coordination mechanism: As per the institutional mechanism, Tehsildar will call for the quarterly meeting at the tehsil level disaster management committee to review the preparedness level and plan to reduce the gaps identified at Tehsil level..2 Arrangements at local level It is the local level that manages disasters within their own communities. Tehsil, sub division and district levels are to provide additional resources, support, assistance and expertise as required. Local government is the key management agency for disaster events at local level. Local government achieves coordinated disaster management approach through Local Disaster Management committees..3 Inter Departmental Coordination The Deputy Commissioner is the head of the District administration and chairperson of the DDMA as per the DM Act, She / He has been designated as the responsible officer in the District. The heads of different departments in the District will have separate roles to play depending on the nature and kind of disaster. The roles and responsibilities of the members of the DDMA will be decided in advance in consultation with the concerned members Pre Disaster coordination: The DDMA shall hold pre monsoon and pre winter review meetings to take stock of monsoon and winter preparedness respectively. In addition, Annual meetings for review of preparedness and discussing the roles and responsibilities of the line departments, Tehsils and Sub Divisions. The meeting agenda would be discussing the capacity of each department in terms of SAR equipment s and manpower and regular updation of the same Disaster phase coordination: Coordination through phone or any other mode of communication in a disaster phase is not possible hence all the line departments and training institutes in the district should report to the DEOC as soon as the disaster strikes. After loss/damage assessment at the DEOC, the DDMA shall direct various stake holders to deploy their resources and DM teams in the affected areas. Relief camps would be setup at a pre-defined location. Post disaster coordination: In the post disaster phase, the DDMA would take updates on the conditions of basic amenities like water, food, roads, law and order etc from the respective departments. An assessment of relief provided to victims and needs of rehabilitation would also be considered in the post disaster phase. 27

129 .4 Coordination mechanism with community: The community level coordination will be ensured through the village disaster management committees. Figure.: Coordination mechanism with community.5 Frequency of Village / Panchayat Committee meetings Village / Panchayat Committee meetings must be held at least once in every six months at particular time and place decided by the DDMA or the chairperson of the Village / Panchayat Committee. In addition, the chairperson of a Village / Panchayat Committee must call a meeting if asked, in writing, to do so by DDMA or by majority of the members of the committee. The Village / Panchayat level committee shall be responsible for the following: a) To help the Village / Panchayat government to prepare a local disaster management plan for its area; b) To identify, and provide advice to the relevant District Authority about support services required by the Village / Panchayat Committee to facilitate disaster management and disaster operations in the area; c) To ensure the community is aware of ways of mitigating the adverse effects of an event, and preparing for responding to and recovering from a disaster; d) To manage disaster operations in the area under policies and procedures decided by the district Authority; e) To provide reports and make recommendations to the relevant District Authority about matters relating to disaster operations; 28