Table of Contents INTRODUCTION... 12

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1 Table of Contents Title Page... About the Author... 3 Acknowledgements... 5 Table of Contents... 6 List of General Tables... 9 List of Species Tables Disclaimers INTRODUCTION Section I. FOOD & BEVERAGE PRODUCTS / Sap & Syrup / Fruits & Preserves / Honey / Culinary Herbs / Flours & Meals / Edible Flowers / Aromatic Oils for Flavours / Natural Sweeteners / Mushrooms / Nuts & Seeds / Wild Rice / Herbal Teas / Herbal Coffees / Juices / Wines Section II. MATERIALS & MANUFACTURING PRODUCTS / Flavour Woods / Music Wood / Household or Industrial Fragrances / Candles / Natural Fibre Textiles / Natural Dyes / Natural Resins / Other Specialty Wood Products Section III. HEALTH & PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS / Aromatherapy Oils / Skin Creams & Lotions

2 26/ Soaps / Hair Tonics & Shampoos / Perfumes & Colognes / Fixed Oils for Cosmetics / Spa Products & Services / Natural Health Products / Natural Insect Repellents / First Aid Herbals / Pet Herbal Products Section IV. DECORATIVE & AESTHETIC PRODUCTS / Basketry / Carvings / Handmade Toys / Twig Furniture / Christmas Trees / Floral Greens & Crafts / Handmade Paper / Jewellery Section V. ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS / Natural Pesticides / Natural Herbicides / Phytoremediation / Indicator Plants of Soil Quality / Green Roofs (& Living Walls) / Thatched Roofing / Eco Friendly Cleaning Products Section VI. BIOFUELS / Biofuels An Overview / Firewood / Wood Pellets / Manufactured Firelogs / Cellulosic Ethanol / Biodiesel / Gasification Syngas / Pyrolysis Products Section VII. LANDSCAPE & GARDEN PRODUCTS / Wildflowers / Ponds & Water Gardens / Low Allergy Plants / Energy Conserving Landscapes

3 62/ Stress Resistant Plants / Mulches & Amendments / Landscape & Garden Other Businesses Section VIII. BUSINESS SMARTS / Launching a Non Timber Business A Checklist / Legal Aspects / Organic Products & Certification / Marketing NTFPs / One Hundred Ways to Add Value Section IX. RESOURCES & INFORMATION Agroforestry & Cultivation Associations & Cooperatives Business Aspects Contract Manufacturers & Private Label Manufacturers Education & Training Marketing Resources Plant Databases Product Processing & Testing Sustainability Toxicity Wildcrafting BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES & INDICES Appendix 1: Nursery & Greenhouse Establishment Appendix 2: Toxicity Index of Subjects Index of Plant Common Names Index of Plant Latin Names End User License Agreement (EULA)

4 List of General Tables 17 1 Tools of the luthier 19 1 Fragrance oils with low flash point 21 1 Natural dye applications 22 1 Products from resins 23 1 Specialty wood products 23 2 Tools for woodworking 23 3 General infrastructure for the workshop 30 1 Spa products 31 1 Consultants Natural health products regulatory applications 34 1 Botanical health products for pets 37 1 Handmade toys from plants 41 1 Handmade paper products 45 1 Cost savings from phytoremediation 47 1 Benefits of a green roof 47 2 Extensive vs. intensive green roofs 49 1 Botanical cleaning solutions 50 1 Biofuel type & production technology 50 2 Users of biomass combustion systems 57 1 Uses of pyrolysis products 57 2 Pyrolysis technologies 59 1 Water garden products & services 68 1 Direct marketing options A1 1 Nurseries & retail sellers A1 2 Plant growing equipment & supplies A2 1 Species toxicity Illustrations Ch 47 Green Roof Structural Components

5 List of Species Tables S 1 Sap & syrup plants S 2 Berries & other fruits S 3 Honey plants S 4 Culinary herbs S 5 Flours & meals S 6 Edible flowers S 7 Essential oils & oleoresins for flavour S 8 Natural sweeteners S 9 Edible mushrooms & fungi S 10 Nuts & edible seeds S 12 Herbal teas S 13 Herbal coffees S 14 Juice plants S 15 Plants for making wine S 16 Flavour woods S 17 Music woods S 18 Household & industrial fragrances S 20 Fibre plants for textiles S 21 Dye plants S 22 Resin plants S 23 Plants for specialty wood products S 24A Aromatherapy plants S 24B Toxic properties of aromatherapy plants S 25 Skin care plants S 26 Plants for making soap S 27 Hair tonic plants S 28 Fragrance plants for personal scents S 29 Fatty (non volatile) oil plants S 31 Natural health plants S 32 Insect repelling plants S 33 Topical first aid plants S 34 Plants for pet care S 35 Basketry plants S 36 Woods for carving & woodturning S 39 Christmas tree species S 40 Floral greens & craft plants S 41 Plants for papermaking S 43 Natural pest control plants S 44 Natural herbicide plants S 45 Phytoremediation plants S 46 Soil indicator plants S 47 Green roof plants S 48 Plants for thatched roofs S 49 Plants for eco friendly cleaning products S 50 Biofuel plants S 51 Firewood characteristics of woody plants S 58A Woodland wildflowers S 58B Wildflowers of open woods & clearings S 59 Pond & water garden plants S 60 Allergy rankings of forest plants S 61A Shade plants S 61B Windbreak or shelterbelt plants S 61C Groundcovers S 61D Companion plants S 62A Fire resistant plants S 62B Cold tolerant plants S 62C Drought tolerant plants S 62D Salt tolerant plants S 62E Flowers & grasses for marginal sites S 63 Mulches & soil amendments S 64 Wildlife attracting plants

6 The Canadian NTFP Business Companion 2011 Gina H. Mohammed ISBN: (CD ROM) ISBN: (USB Flash Drive) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisher. Photographs and images may not be used or reprinted apart from this document without the written consent of the respective owners and copyright holders. Any rights granted to you constitute a license and not a transfer of title. You do not obtain any ownership right, title, or other interest in the copyrighted materials or trademarks by purchasing, installing, or otherwise using these materials, even if the materials are offered to you as a free sample. Cover painting Frosty Sunrise (and thematic extracts) by Marilyn F. Mills. Used under license. Published by Candlenut Books, 66 Millwood Street, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 6S7, Canada. ( ) Created & produced in Canada. See also: End User License Agreement (EULA) at the end of this document. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Mohammed, Gina H. The Canadian NTFP business companion [electronic resource] : ideas, techniques and resources for small businesses in non-timber forest products & services / Gina H. Mohammed. Includes bibliographical references and index. Electronic monograph in PDF format. ISBN ISBN Non-timber forest products--canada. 2. Non-timber forest products industry--canada. 3. Small business--canada. 4. New business enterprises--canada. I. Title. SD543.3.C3M ' C X

7 Notice of Copyright This publication may not be reproduced by any means without the written permission of the author or publisher. Likewise, it may not be resold except by arrangement with the author or publisher. All logos and trademarks whether registered or not are property of their respective owners. All photographs and video clips are copyrighted by their respective owners and are used with permission. See also: End User License Agreement (EULA) at the end of this document. How to cite this publication: Mohammed, Gina H The Canadian NTFP Business Companion: Ideas, Techniques and Resources for Small Businesses in Non Timber Forest Products & Services. Sault Ste. Marie (Ontario): Candlenut Books. ISBN: (CD ROM). Contact: Dr. Gina H. Mohammed P & M Technologies 66 Millwood Street Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario Canada P6A 6S7 Tel: URL:

8 The United Nations General Assembly declared 2011 as the International Year of Forests to raise awareness of sustainable management, conservation, and sustainable development of all types of forests. The Canadian NTFP Business Companion is part of our on going contribution to this endeavour. For further information about IYF, visit the UN website: