FOR 219: Dendrology Spring 2014 Midterm 2 Page 1 of 5 NAME: sweetgum river birch silktree southern magnolia white oak

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1 FOR 219: Dendrology Spring 2014 Midterm 2 Page 1 of 5 NAME: Answer as concisely as possible. Grading is on a 100 point scale with 105 total points possible. 1. Create an INDENTED DICHOTOMOUS KEY for the following species: sweetgum river birch silktree southern magnolia white oak You will be graded based on how well the key works to separate your species. (12 points)

2 FOR 219: Dendrology Spring 2014 Midterm 2 Page 2 of 5 2. Explain the difference between clinal and speciational variation. (2 points) 3. Name 3 different sources of variation in trees (not those from question 2) and define each. (3 points) 4. Explain the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation. (2 points) 5. Draw a graph that demonstrates a genotype by environment (G x E) interaction. Be sure to label your axes with both variable names and units. No need to include numbers on either axis, just show the general trend. (5 points) 6. Answer the following relating to forest cover types. (4 points) A. Roughly how long will coastal redwood and trembling aspen cover types last in one place on the landscape? B. Compare and contrast how each cover type maintains itself on the landscape based on the silvics of the dominant tree species. C. Why is it important for natural resource managers to understand forest cover types?

3 FOR 219: Dendrology Spring 2014 Midterm 2 Page 3 of 5 7. For tree species from the US South (only those we discussed in lecture 13), list the Genus and specific epithet of each described below. Spelling can be creative, but don t push it. (2 pts each if both Genus and specific epithet are correct, 14 pts total) A. A shade tolerant gymnosperm with little timber value, unlike the other members of its family found in the South. B. This gymnosperm is well adapted to wet, low nutrient sites, has cones that mature in 1 year, and is deciduous. C. This wet sited species native to Georgia and Florida is known for production of high quality honey. D. This species has peeling orange bark, large compound leaves, and legumes that are typically < 2 inches long. E. Commonly found in the sand hills, this species has a bellshaped leaf base and 3 4 bristle tipped lobes. F. This shrub has opposite leaves with rugose veins and flowers arranged in panicles. G. This tree could be mistaken for loblolly pine, but for its serotinous, flat based cones. 8. For tree species from Australia, list the Genus and specific epithet of each described below. Spelling can be creative, but don t push it. (2 points each if both names are correct, 14 pts total) A. This species may be opposite or alternate, depending on its age, and is globally an important plantation timber species. B. This tree is easily identified from a distance due to its uncanny degree of symmetry. C. The largest individual of this species exceeds 100 m in height, a rare feat for any tree. D. This species has leaves that are both simple and bipinnately compound. E. This gymnosperm fixes nitrogen and is widely sold as an ornamental tree. F. This tree is now protected due to overharvesting, but ancient logs are still being sourced from peat bogs. G. This species, invasive in parts of Australia, has both simple and compound leaves.

4 FOR 219: Dendrology Spring 2014 Midterm 2 Page 4 of 5 9. For tree species from South America, list the Genus and specific epithet of each described below. Spelling can be creative, but don t push it. (2 pts each if both names are correct, 14 pts total) A. This large tree has a small nut with a burry, 4 sided husk, and leaves with pinnate, parallel venation. B. This species produced the first commercially traded source of vitamin C in the 1500 s. C. This tree has bark adaptations that are believed to have evolved to keep sloths out. It does NOT have a legume. D. The attractive, light, rot resistant wood of this species makes it ideal for many specialty uses. E. This deep rooted desert species clonally propagates itself, sometimes forming rings over 1000 s of years. F. This species native to the Caatinga has aromatic wood that is used for several specialty purposes. G. This monotypic tree is the oldest known on the continent, and grows quite large, exceeding 60 m in height. 10. For tree species from Europe, list the Genus and specific epithet of each described below. Spelling can be creative, but don t push it. (2 pts each if both names are correct, 14 pts total) A. This tree, now planted globally, produces unique chemicals that may be toxic to livestock, but may help cure cancer. B. The charcoal like dark blocky bark at the base of this tree is useful in distinguishing it from its American counterparts. C. This species has a toxic nut, opposite palmately compound leaves, and relatively stout twigs. D. A disease that affects the foliage has reduced the ornamental value of this gymnosperm in the US. E. This tree is the most important timber species in Scandinavia, and has unusually long cones for its genus. F. A good way to tell this invasive species from its native US counterpart is to look for milky sap from a severed petiole. G. This tree, naturally found in riparian areas, has a short lifespan, and is often killed by a canker disease.

5 FOR 219: Dendrology Spring 2014 Midterm 2 Page 5 of For tree species from Asia, list the Genus and specific epithet of each described below. Spelling can be creative, but don t push it. (2 pts each if both names are correct, 14 pts total) A. This hardwood plantation species is identifiable by its large (> 1 ft long) simple leaves. B. This tangled vine with pinnately compound leaves presents a formidable obstacle for people, livestock, and wildlife. C. Pruning this species often results in an alkaline slime flux that might kill your grass near the base of the tree. D. The edible globose fruits of this common US ornamental distinguish it from its native counterpart. E. This silver leaved shrub is an aggressive invasive species in arid regions of the western US. F. This poorly formed (from a timber perspective) gymnosperm is now threatened within its native range. G. Should you ever need to stupefy fish in Ethiopia, the fruits of this species should do the trick. 12. List the best online resource to use for each of the following. (3 pts) A. Identifying an unknown woody species you found on vacation in the USA outside of the Western Gulf Region: B. Determining how many North American species are in the genus Acer: C. Writing a technical report on the life history and biology of sand pine: 13. Identify the following morphological terms that describe this drawing. (4 pts) A. Leaf Shape: B. Leaf Apex: C. Leaf Base: D. Leaf Margin