2015 NATIONAL SUNFLOWER ASSOCIATION SURVEY

Transcription

1 2015 NATIONAL SUNFLOWER ASSOCIATION SURVEY Project Leaders: Hans Kandel, Extension Agronomist NDSU Plant Science Department Tom Gulya, Retired Plant Pathologist ARS

2 SURVEY FORMAT 1. Yield components (Plant population, head diameter, seed seed, % good seed, % center set, bird damage) = six components 2. Agronomic info (eight components) 3. Weed assessment (30 weeds ) 4. Diseases - incidence and severity on 10 diseases 5. Insect and bird damage = In-field assessment and lab exam of seed samples 10 components 6. Two sites examined per field THUS. ( ) x 2 = 128 observations /field x 201 fields = 26,000 data points in one survey 13 surveys = > 300,000 pieces of data

3 2015 SUNFLOWER SURVEY - # FIELDS North Dakota Minnesota - 13 South Dakota - 52 Kansas - 5 Colorado - 7 Nebraska - 6 Manitoba - 7 Texas - 5 T0TAL - 201

4 2015 SUNFLOWER SURVEY TEAMS North Dakota 14 teams South Dakota 6 teams Minnesota 1 team Colorado 1 team Kansas 1 team Nebraska 1 team Texas 1 team Manitoba 1 team Texas 1 team Total 27 teams

5 CONFECTION VS OILSEED (%) SUNFLOWER 2015 SURVEY Confection Oilseed 100 % Oil and Confection ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All

6 2015 SURVEYOR ESTIMATED & CALCULATED YIELD Calculated Estimated by surveyor

7 SUNFLOWER YIELD & PLANT POPULATION: 2015 Yield Plant Pop ND SD MN MB All Yield (lb/a) and Plant Population (1/10)

8 SUNFLOWER YIELD & PLANT POPULATION: 2015 Yield Plant Pop lb/a and 1/10 Plants/A KS NE CO TX All Yield (lb/a) and Plant Population (1/10)

9 SUNFLOWER YIELD (LB/A) ND SD MN MB KS CO Yield (lb/a)

10 2013 #1 YIELD LIMITING FACTORS (209 FIELDS) Disease 17% Plant spacing in row 26% Lodging 10% Weeds 4% Birds 6% Insects 1% Drought 15% Hail 1% Uneven plant growth 2% Other 7% No Problem 11%

11 2015 #1 YIELD LIMITING FACTORS (201 FIELDS) Disease 24 % Plant spacing in row 13 % Lodging 8 % Weeds 8 % Birds 7 % Insects 4 % Drought 11 % Uneven plant growth 4 % Other 9 % No Problem 11 %

12 PLANT SPACING WITHIN ROW

13 2015 #2 YIELD LIMITING FACTORS (ALL 201 FIELDS) Disease 13 % Plant spacing in row 9 % Lodging 9 % Weeds 9 % Birds 5 % Insects 5 % Drought 4 % Hail 2 % Uneven plant growth 1 % Other 6 % No Problem 37 %

14 2015 #1 YIELD LIMITING FACTORS - NORTH DAKOTA (106 FIELDS) Disease 24 % Plant spacing 10 % Lodging 12 % Weeds 2 % Birds 8 % Insects 3 % Drought 10 % Hail 0% Uneven plant growth 2 % Other 15 % No Problem 13 %

15 2015 #2 YIELD LIMITING FACTORS - NORTH DAKOTA (106 FIELDS) Disease 10 % Plant spacing 6 % Lodging 11 % Drought 3 % Weeds 6 % Insects 4 % Birds 4 % Uneven plant growth 2 % Other 8 % No Problem 47 %

16 2015 # 1 AND #2 YIELD LIMITING FACTORS SOUTH DAKOTA (52 FIELDS) #1 Factor Disease 21 % Plant Spacing 23 % Lodging 4 % Weeds 15 % Birds 6 % Insects 8 % Drought 8 % Hail 0% Uneven growth 10 % No problem 6 % #2 Factor Disease 15 % Plant spacing 13 % Lodging 8 % Weeds 4 % Birds 0% Insects 10 % Drought 8 % Hail 4 % Uneven growth 2 % No Problem 25 %

17 Most # 1 Limiting Factors Sunflower Surveys yr AV. Plant Spacing Diseases Drought No Problem Weeds Based on 207 fields in 2010, 155 (2011), 211 (2012), 209 (2013 ), and 201 (2015) = 983 total over five years.

18 YIELD LIMITING FACTOR AND YIELD 2012 Other 13 Weeds 18 Plant spacing 37 Lodging 6 Insects 10 Hail 2 Uneven plants 5 Drought 62 Disease 16 Birds 14 No problem No Problem yield =2188 #/A. Average of all other problems = 1524 #/A or -30%.

19 YIELD LIMITING FACTOR AND YIELD 2013 Other 14 Weeds 8 Plant spacing 54 Lodging 20 Hail 3 Uneven plants 5 Drought 31 Disease 36 Birds 12 No problem No Problem yield = 2070 #/A. Average all other problems = 1607 #/A or -22% yield.

20 YIELD LIMITING FACTOR AND YIELD 2015 Other 22 Weeds 14 Plant spacing 29 Lodging 16 Insects 7 Uneven plants 7 Drought 24 Disease 48 Birds 12 No problem No Problem Yield = 2193 #/A. Average all other problems = 1634 #/A or -25%.

21 ROW SPACING IN SUNFLOWER inches +20 inches % of Fields Surveyed ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All

22 2015 SUNFLOWER YIELD & PLANT POPULATION WITH ROW SPACING Yield Plant Pop <30 inch 30 inch All

23 TILLAGE IN SUNFLOWER % Fields Surveyed No till Min till Conv till ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX

24 2015 SUNFLOWER YIELD AND PLANT POPULATION VS TILLAGE Yield Plant Pop lb/a and 1/10 Plants/A No-Till Min-Till Conv-Till All

25 DISEASE EVALUATIONS 2015 RUST, SCLEROTINIA, PHOMOPSIS, RHIZOPUS, VERT, DOWNY MILDEW

26 RUST IN SUNFLOWER Instructions were examine upper 4 leaves on 5 consecutive plants and determine % of the leaf area covered with rust.

27 RED RUST INCIDENCE IN SUNFLOWER Percent of fields ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All State

28 RED RUST SEVERITY IN SUNFLOWER % Leaf area with Pustules ND SD MN MB KS CO NE TX Rust Severity Estimated for Fields Where Incidence Reported

29 SCLEROTINIA HEAD ROT INCIDENCE IN SUNFLOWER 2015

30 SCLEROTINIA HEAD ROT SEVERITY % Plants Infected ND SD MN MB

31 RHIZOPUS HEAD ROT INCIDENCE & SEVERITY % Incidence Plants infected Percent ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All

32 SCLEROTINIA STALK ROT INCIDENCE & SEVERITY % Incidence Plants infected Percent ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All

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34 PHOMOPSIS INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY % Incidence Plants infected Percent ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All

35 PHOMOPSIS SEVERITY % Plants Infected ND SD MN MB NE

36 VERTICILLIUM INCIDENCE & SEVERITY 2015 % Incidence Plants infected Percent ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All

37 DOWNY MILDEW INCIDENCE & SEVERITY % Incidence Plants infected Percent ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All

38 INSECT EVALUATIONS

39 LONG-HORNED BEETLE (DECTES)

40 LONG-HORNED BEETLE INCIDENCE & SEVERITY % Incidence Plants infected Percent ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All

41 LONG-HORNED BEETLE SEVERITY % Plants Infested ND SD KS CO TX

42 SUNFLOWER MIDGE INCIDENCE & SEVERITY % Incidence Plants infected Percent ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All

43 BUD MOTH DAMAGE IN SUNFLOWER Photo: Dr. J. Knodel

44 SUNFLOWER BUD MOTH INCIDENCE & SEVERITY % Incidence Plants infected Percent ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All

45 SUNFLOWER SEED MAGGOT DAMAGE Photo: Dr. J. Knodel

46 SUNFLOWER SEED MAGGOT INCIDENCE & SEVERITY % Incidence Plants infected Percent ND SD MN MB KS NE CO TX All

47 SEED SAMPLE FROM 5 HEADS/FIELD. SENT TO USDA-FARGO (JARRAD PRASIFKA) FOR LAB ANALYSIS

48 RED SEED WEEVIL INCIDENCE & SEVERITY % Incidence % Seeds Percent ND SD MN MB NE CO KS All

49 SEED DAMAGE RED SEED WEEVIL % Seed Damage ND SD MN MB CO

50 BANDED SUNFLOWER MOTH INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY % Incidence % Seeds Percent ND SD MN MB NE CO KS All

51 BROWN SPOT INCIDENCE & SEVERITY 2015 (CONFECTION) % Incidence % Seeds Percent ND SD MN MB NE CO KS All

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53 WEED ASSESSMENT 30 WEEDS TO IDENTIFY AND RATE INCIDENCE ON 1-3 SCALE

54 INCIDENCE OF WEEDS ND/MN

55 INCIDENCE OF WEEDS SOUTH DAKOTA

56 INCIDENCE OF WEEDS IN KANSAS % Fields found

57 INCIDENCE OF WEEDS IN COLORADO % Fields Found

58 INCIDENCE OF WEEDS IN TEXAS % Fields found

59 2015 SUNFLOWER SURVEY SPONSORED BY THE NATIONAL SUNFLOWER ASSOCIATION