Vegetative reproduction and morphologic variability of Black poplar. Author: Dijana Čortan, M.Sc.

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1 Vegetative reproduction and morphologic variability of Black poplar Author: Dijana Čortan, M.Sc.

2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES Conservation of Black poplar Study of morfological variability Producing reproductive material Reintroduction on pilot natural sites Study of genetic variability Establishment of gene banks (ex citu) Making of Black poplar cadastre

3 Present state Threats Vegetative reproduction Morphological variability

4 Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is: typical pioneer tree species of the riparian forest ecosystem; heavily dependent on the hydrologic conditions of the riverside environment for its regeneration; strictly heliophilous; characterized by a great diversity of population types, from isolated trees to large pure or mixed stands; used as a parent pool in breeding programes in many parts of the world.

5 PRESENT STATE Reduced natural sites; Reduced natural populations; Prevailing of old populations; Lack of young populations; Unfavourable health and biological vitality;

6 THREATS Alternation of riparian ecosystems, hydro-melioration works and changed natural water regime; Lack of favourable sites for natural regeneration; Pressure of wicked diseases (Dothichiza populea, Melampsora spp, Marssonina brunnea..); Potential threat of introgression from cultivated poplars.

7 NEEDS Gene pool protection New sites for reproduction Dynamic floodplains Recent deposites of sand and shingle Free of vegetation Optimal wather / soil conditions Reproductive material Collaborative work

8 Due to specific problems in restoring and preserving the remaining black poplar (Populus nigra L.) forest fragments, it is required implementation of special protection and conservation measures for this species, whose harvesting in not permited without the prior secured renewal.

9 Vegetative reproduction

10 Alternative to regeneration from seed; It can occur: Through sprouting directly from the roots and from sprouts of damaged or partialy buried plants; From translocated fragments which may be transported some distance from the parent plant (the most common form); Choose representative trees, take cuttings, nursery reproduction, labeling, reforestration pilot site.

11 Representative trees FEATURES: Vitality Health conditions Phenotype characteristics Possibilities for taking cuttings

12 Cuttings March / April = dormant state One year sprouts Bark = ash - colourred Cutting lenght = 20-25cm Cutting width = 0,5-1,0 cm 5-7 buds Upper end - straight cut above a bud Lower end angular cut below a bud Tied in bundles and labelled

13 Cuttings storaging Cuttings should be stored away from sunlight before planting; Before planting they should be soaked in water for hours; Preservation until beginning of growing period.

14 Planting Depending on your planting location, you can plant cuttings using one of the following methods: If the ground is soft enough, you can simply push the cutting into the ground to the desired depth; If you are having trouble getting the cutting in the ground use a planting bar to create an opening for the cutting. Place the cutting in the hole and firm the soil around it just to fill air gaps.

15 Planting

16 Nursery reproduction may jun july august

17 Labeling ID number = PN SRB 005 Parental trees ID number, ID sheet, tree evaluation sheet Bundles of cuttings collecting date, number of cuttings, ID number of parental tree Nursery ID number at the beginning of every row

18 ID sheet for Plus trees

19 Tree evaluation sheet

20 Taking record of cuttings establishment every 2 weeks DATE DATE DATE PNSRB001 PNSRB002 PNSRB003 PNSRB004 PNSRB005. PNSRB030

21 Morphologic variability

22 Morphologic variation = genetic + environmental factors Variation is normally measured as a series of static observations within a sample. Each observation representing a single instance of the many phenotypic expressions. Choose trees, take leaf samples, leaf herbarization, labeling, leaf measuring, statistic analysis, morphologic study.

23 Taking the samples From: 30 not related trees Short shoots Sunny position

24 Taking the samples - leaves Fully developed Undamaged 60 leaves

25 Representative samples

26 Different sizes and shapes of black poplar leaves

27 Measuring Parameters: a - lamina lenght (mm) b- lamina width (mm) c- petiole lenght (mm) d angle between the first lateral vein and the horizontal ( o ) e leafe blade width at 1cm from the leaf tip (mm) f - distance between the leaf widest part and the leaf base (mm) g - leaf lenght (mm) h - numer of leaf nerves at the left side (numb) i - number od leafe nerves at the riht side (numb)

28 Data table (excel) PNSRB101 a b c d e f g h i

29 ID sheet ID number = PN SRB 105

30 Tree evaluation sheet

31 Contact data Tel/Fax: Web address: