Amount of pruning product per province in Cyprus (this only refers to the quantities of biomass

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1 1 Amount of local biomass, type of biomass Solid biomass In this category one can find: 1. Forest timber available for energy exploitation. 2. The residues of agricultural cultivation, which remain in the fields. 3. The solid offal of forest and rural industry, which can also can available for energy exploitation. 4. The pruning product and the timber that results from the work of the municipal Gardening Services as well as the green waste of the urban houses. The theoretical potential of solid biomass can be estimated following these steps: The exploration of the allocation of the main types of cultivation that produce exploitable residues by organizing the corresponding maps of land and cultivation in a Geographical System of Information. Statistical distribution of the production of certain types of rural products (that leave exploitable residues) in geographical units like those described by pertinent organizations. Estimation of the residues production that comes from agricultural production (the percentage of the production of residues per unit of cultivation surface) for every kind of exploitable biomass as well as the record of offal that comes from rural and forest industry. Implementing the aforementioned steps we can organize a geographical database that will give information of the geographical distribution and the estimated quantities of combustible biomass where this is produced. Amount of pruning product per province in Cyprus (this only refers to the quantities of biomass from the Municipalities): Province Available quantities (tones/year) Nicosia Larnaca 1291 Limassol 3559 Paphos 715 Famagusta 2035 Overall Type of biomass from the Municipalities: Schinus Molle Citrus sp. Olea Europaea Ceratonia Siliqua Tetraclinis Articulata Tipuana Tipu Carissa Macrocarpa Shinus Terebinthifolius Cupressus Sempevirens Cassia Artemisioides

2 2 Pinus Brutia Morus Alba Pinus Pinea Bauhinia Variegata Pinus Halepensis Nerium Oleander Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Hibiscus Tiliaceus Eucalyptus Gomphocephala Schinus Molle Eucalyptus Torquata Leucophyllum Frutescens Grevillea Robusta Ficus Sycomorus Pistacia Lentiscus Ficus Elastica Pistacia Altantica Ficus Benjamina Platanus Orientalis Ficus Microcarpa Grass (any kind) Ficus Amstel King Available quantity of solid biomass from the rural residues per category and province: Province Product Land (tens) Potential (tons) Potential (GJ) Nicosia Famagusta Larnaca Limassol Paphos Overall

3 3 The aforementioned quantity stands for the maximum of the availability of feedstock. Out of this quantity, just a tiny fraction is up until now used in traditional ways (heating). 25 % from the overall available (25 thousand tons/year) solid biomass as presented in the graph will be available, at a first stage, in If one also takes into consideration the additional quantities of the available solid biomass that comes from the indigenous timber furniture industrial as well as the available packaging material, the overall available quantity of solid biomass (rural residues and timber) amounts to 30 thousand tons per year.

4 4 No Name of plant Ho.v (dry material kj/kg) Composition and heat content of the various plants examined, presented in an ascending order C% H% N% Ash% O% Mc (kg/kg) Mh (kg/kg) Additional O2 (kg/kg) 1 Bermuda grass (C. dactylon) Nerium oleander stalks Carob Tree (Ceratonia Siliqua) stalks Navel Orange Leaves Sorghum Halepense, L Carob Pods Navel Orange Stalks Olive Tree Stalks Hyparrhenia hirta Tetraclinis Articulata (kallitris) Eucalyptus Stalks Pine needles Carob Tree leaves Recycled wood Dried Citrus fruit Daphne stalks Olive Tree leaves Bark (Needle Pine) Nerium oleander leaves Olive press pie (washed) Daphne leaves Eucalyptus leaves Charcoal Diesel Oil Ho,p (kj/kg) Hu,p (kj/kg)

5 5 1. Cyprus, as an insular Mediterranean land, does not have such a powerful potential that would allow a determinative participation of biomass in the energy system, the way we see it happen in other countries in the central and North Europe. 2. Considering the island s size, the opportunities for an energy exploitation of the residues of conservative Mediterranean cultivations (oil, wine) - just like the olive pomace, olive-oils, the pruning of wine- are important. 3. There is a slight possibility for the production of biofuels that would come from indigenous sources. It is estimated that a constant research for a successful use of species that do not need great amounts of irrigation will cover a small part of the domestic consumption. 4. In addition to the aforementioned points one could add that the energy exploitation of the already existent resources of biomass could offer multiple results, despite their relatively small quantitative contribution (especially when compared to the great potential, which the exploitation of the solar energy has to offer). The development of methods and technologies concerning biomass: Could replace the imported fuel, the biggest source of energy that is currently being used in our country Would meliorate the energy return and Could contribute to the right environmental handling of residues and waste. Harvesting Biomass results from: Residues of fruit from packing stations and fruit elaboration units Residues of timber industry Offal from the elaboration of olives From the cultivation process of olive trees residues of pruning From the cultivation process of bowery cultivations the quantity of pruning product From the cultivation process of fruit trees the quantity of pruning product From the cultivation process of grapevines quantity of marcs From the maintenance process of individuals gardens pruning product and timber From the maintenance process of public green spaces, parks and gardens by the Municipalities and the Forest Department timber and pruning product From the energy exploitation of the available sylvan timber Felling The areas where one can find forest sylvan biomass available for removal and further use are those areas of natural or technical reforestation that resulted from the conflagrations during the Turkish invasion. The natural clusters are in rocky and steep areas where there are no roads: this makes it impossible for someone to remove any material for energy exploitation. The technical clusters offer a

6 6 larger overall surface for exploitation (cleaning, felling, cut, transportation) of about hectares. The overall quantity of mature biomass is 2400 tons. According to already made estimations that took into account this quantity as well as the unfavorable weather conditions in Cyprus (dry climate and low productivity of the forests), the exploitation of the sylvan biomass is not one of our options. Biomass from felling can also result from the operations of the municipal Gardening Services and the Forest Department of the Cyprus as well as the gardening process for the maintenance of private gardens. Another source of Biomass from felling is the cultivation of olive trees and fruit trees. Processing There are some fruit elaboration and packaging units from which the residues (most commonly pits) can be used to enrich fodder. Given the size of the island, there is an important timber industry that uses its residues (almost 600 tons per year) to cover its own thermal needs. The sector of olive-oil production is quite expanded just like in every Mediterranean country. The solid residues from the traditional as well as the three-phase oil presses that operate in the island include The leaves and twigs that are collected in the oil mills during the primary elaboration of olives. It is estimated that the amount of leaves and twigs that are being removed during this stage of the elaboration stands for the 8 % of the overall quantity of the elaborated olives. Given the use of the aforementioned material, as soil conditioners or fodder, their contribution in the energy exploitation of biomass is not much appreciated. The olive pomace it is estimated that the quantity of the produced, during this stage, olive pomace is it almost as half as the amount of the produced olive-oil. The moisture of the olive pomace varies from % while its calorific value it is estimated to be 19.1 MJ/Kg. A large quantity of timber that results from felling, just like it has been described, is being cut and used as combustible material to cover the thermal needs of private properties or touristic units of the island. The pruning product that result from the arboreal cultivation, the cultivation of fruit trees, the grapevines, the maintenance of individuals gardens as well as the maintenance of public green areas, parks and garden are used to produce compost through a composting process. Additionally, the creation of pellet and briquettes production units, as combustible material, is in progress. Transporting The transportation of biomass in Cyprus either of the raw material or of the final product for its energy exploitation it is a rather easy procedure due to the island s size and morphology. The transportations are most commonly operated by double cabin pickup, trucks and trailers. Best practice model: use of biomass in your country A good practice for the use of biomass in Cyprus is the energy exploitation of the olive pomace that results as offal from the process of olives, as a combustible material to cover the thermal needs of the island.

7 7 In Cyprus, there is a large production of olives, which, during their elaboration mainly in order to extract oil, leave a great amount of olive pomaces that, in their turn have high energy content (21235 kj/kg). A few agricultural and touristic units and monasteries use these pomaces as combustible material to cover even 100% of their thermal needs.