MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E.

Transcription

1 MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E. GRADE - X ( ) Exam No. : MT/ICSE/PRELIM-I-SET-A-009 GEOGRAPHY H.C.G. - PAPER - 2 (Two hours) Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first l5 minutes. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper. The time given at the head of this paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. Attempt seven questions in all. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A tolal of five questions are to attempted from Part II. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ]. To be supplied with his Paper : Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/10 and 20 cm of twine. Note : (i) In all Map Work, by a wise use of arrows to indicate positions of countries, cities and other insertions that you make, you will be able to avoid overcrowding parts of the map. (ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/10 must not be taken out of the examination hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on completion of the Paper. (iii) The Map given at the end of this question paper must be fastened to your answer booklet. (iv) All sub-sections of each question must be answered in the correct order. (v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet as the rest of the answer. Copyright reserved. This Paper consists of 4 printed pages

2 PART I (30 Marks) Attempt all questions from this Part Question 1 Study the extract of the Survey of India Top Map sheet No. 45D/10 and answer the following questions : (Eastings - 10 to 20 and Northings 01 to 11) (page-5) a. Give 3 occupations practised in the given map area. [3] b. What do you understand by motorable in dry season. c. Which type of settlement do you find in grid 1901 and d. Why do we find scattered settlement in the south eastern parts of the map. e. Give three types of forests found in the map extract. f. What do the white patches in the map indicate. [1] g. What do you understand by rock out crop. [1] h. Why are there many causeways on the metalled road. [1] i. What do these lines stand for. [1] j. What is 3r in grid [1] k. Give the drainage pattern in grid 1505 and l. Give six figure grid reference of 364 and survey tree 269. Question 2 Mark the following on the outline map of India : [10] (a) Aravalli hills (b) Nathula pass River Yamuna (d) Densely populated area in south (e) Palk strait (f) Bengaluru (g) Chikka lake (h) Malwa plateau (i) Mumbai high (j) South west monsoon winds (Arabian sea branch)

3 PART II (50 Marks) Attempt any five questions from this Part Question 3 (a) Give geographical reasons. (i) Why does Shillong receive less rainfall than Mawsynram? (ii) Chennai has a lower annual range of temperature than Lucknow because... (iii) Western Rajasthan receives very less rainfall because... [3] (b) What are the main features of retreating monsoon? [3] What are Mango Showers? (d) Why does Mawsynram, near Cherrapunji, receive the heaviest annual rainfall in the world? Question 4 (a) What is meant by the term soil? What is the soil formation process called? (b) (i) How is black soil formed? (ii) Where is this soil found? State three difference between Khaddar and Bhangar Soil. [3] (d) What are the effects of soil erosion? [3] Question 5 (a) How does variation in sunlight affect the natural Vegetation? (b) Why is thorny type of vegetation found in Rajasthan? Give two reasons. What are the characteristics of tropical deciduous forests? [3] (d) What are the Economic and Environmental role of forests? [3] Question 6 (a) What are the disadvantages of surface wells? [3] (b) What are the drawbacks of tube wells? [3] Why are wells a very popular form of irrigation in India? (d) What are the disadvantages of perennial canals? Question 7 (a) What are the uses of limestone? [3] (b) What are the uses of manganese? [3] From where is petroleum extracted? (d) Give Reason - Oil refineries are located alon the coast.

4 Question 8 (a) What are the characteristics of shifting Agriculture? [3] (b) What are the two agricultural seasons of India? What is meant by the term 'dry farming'? (d) What are the features of bajra cultivation? [3] Question 9 (a) Why is it necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hours of harvesting? (b) Why is woollen industry not well developed for the following reasons? [3] What are the problems faced by the sericulture industry? [3] (d) Why have iron and steel industries located in and around Chotta Nagpur Plateau? Question 10 (a) Name any 4 iron and steel plants in public sector. [3] (b) Give two important centres of production of Cotton textile and agricultural machinery. (i) Why most of the shipbuilding industries are under public sector. (ii) Name any four ship building yards of India. [3] (d) Why are forests grown in and around steel cities? Question 11 (a) (i) What is the importance of village roads? (ii) Under which programme are the village roads being constructed. (b) What are the advantages of road transport? [3] Name 2 gases produced by industries. (d) What is municipal waste? [3] All the Best

5 ICSE X MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E. SUBJECT : GEOGRAPHY Marks : 80 Exam No. : MT/ICSE/PRELIM-I-SET-A-009 Model Answer Paper Time : 2 hrs. PART I (30 Marks) A.1. a. (i) Agriculture - due to yellow wash. (ii) Forestry - due to green forested area. (iii) Working in government department such as post office. [3] b. The road cannot be used in the rainy season. c. In grid 1901 we find scattered or dispersed settlements where as in 1210 we find nucleated settlements. d. Due to hilly terrain the settlements are scattered in the south eastern parts of map. e. The two type of forests found in the map area are fairly dense mixed forest and dense mixed jungle with bamboo and open scrub. f. The white patches in the map indicate barren lands. [1] g. Rockoutcrop means a rock which is jutting out of the land. [1] h. The area may be marshy or swampy as thus need for causeways. [1] i. These are broken ground due to alternating wet and dry periods. [1] j. 3r is the relative depth of the tank 3 meters. [1] k dendritic pattern and trellised pattern. l. 364 = Survey tree 269 =

6 A.2.

7 A.3 (a) (i) (ii) PART II (50 Marks) Attempt any five questions from this Part Mawsynram is on the windward ride of the Khasi hills and Shillong is on the leeward side. It lies in the rainshadow area of the Khasi hills and this receives less rainfall. Chennai is located on the sea coast and thus has equable climate whereas Lucknow is in the interior part of north India and has extreme climate and thus Chennai has a lower annual range of temperature than Lucknow. (iii) 1. The Aravalli ranges run parallel to the direction of the S.W. Monsoon winds. As such the moisture laden winds pass through Rajasthan without shedding their moisture. This accounts for low rainfall in Western Rajasthan. 2. The temperatures are also very high in Rajasthan and thus low condensation and low rainfall. [3] (b) (i) This is the transition period from the not rainy season to the cold and dry season. (ii) The temperature and humidity is very high and thus this climatic condition is October heat, (iii) This season is marked by the occurence of tropical depressions mostly on the eastern coast. These cyclones are accompanied by strong surface winds and heavy rainfall. (iv) The retreating of the monsoon is much slower than its onset. [3] (d) A.4 (a) The rainfall which occurs during April/May in south India (Kerala coastal region) are called mango showers. They are so called because this rain helps to ripen the mango crop early these showers are also called cherry Blossom Showers in Kerala. These rains also benefit coffee crop. When the Bay of Bengal branch advances north-east wards after picking up moisture from the Bay of Bengal, they are heavily trapped by the northeastern Himalayan mountains like Garo, Khasi, Jaintia. Mawsynram lies along the edge of the Meghalaya plateau which stands at the end of afunnel-shapped valley which acts as a trap for the rain-bearing Bay of Bengal branch, forcing it to shed its moisture. Soil is the uppermost layer of the Earth s crust comprising of mineral particles, decaying organic matter, living organisms water and air. Pedogenesis is the process of soil formation. (b) (i) Black soil is formed by solidification of lava spread over large areas during volcanic activities in the Deccan Plateau region. (ii) This soil is found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh.

8 (i) Khaddar Soil is found in the lower levels in the plains near the rivers whereas Bhangar soil is found in the higher up plains at river terraces away from rivers. (ii) Khaddar soil is loamy and porous whereas Bhangar soil is clayey and non porous. (iii) Khaddar soil is more fertile than Bhangar Soil. [3] (d) (i) Loss of fertility and thus agricultural productivity. (ii) Lowering of the underground water table and decreases in the percentage of soil moisture. (iii) Desertification. (iv) Increase in frequency of droughts and floods. (v) Landslides (vi) Adverse effect on economic prosperity and cultural development. [3] A.5 (a) (b) The variation in sun s radiant energy at different places is due to difference in latitude, altitude, season and duration of the Day. Due to abundance of sunlight, trees grow faster in Summer. The main trees of thorny type are kikar, babul, khair etc. (i) The amount of rainfall is under 70 cm to 80 cm because of which only these type of trees grow here. (ii) These trees are xerophytic having long roots and spine leaves which suit this environment. (i) These forests are found in the areas of 100 to 200 cm of rainfall. (ii) These forests have a dense undergrowth. (iii) These trees in these forests shed of their leaves during the summer season to avoid loss of water. [3] (d) Forest are very important natural resources. (i) They provide us with a variety of forest products. (ii) They prevent soil erosion in hills areas. (iii) They also help in checking floods by allowing seepage of water into the soil. (iv) Forests conserve the fertility of soil by adding humus. (v) The provide natural habitat for the wild animals. [3] A.6 (a) (i) The main disadvantage of wells is that they are not deep enough so they get dried during summers. (ii) They can irrigate only a small area. (iii) Sometimes they are brackish in nature hence not suitable for drinking or irrigation. [3] (b) (i) The farmers have to spend money regularly on diesel or electricity for drawing water from tube wells. (ii) This source of irrigation is not fit in brackish water areas. (iii) Decrease the groundwater reserves to a large extent which has become a matter of great concern. [3]

9 Wells are very popular form of irrigation in India because (i) It is cheap to construct and maintain wells. (ii) It can be undertaken on individual basis. (d) (i) These canals at times increase the salinity of soil due to excessive irrigation done. (ii) The problem of water logging happens in case of unlined canals as water soaks into adjoining areas turning them into swamps. A.7 (a) Limestone is mainly used in the cement industry. It is also uses in the iron and steel industry and chemical industry, sugar, paper and fertilizers industry. It is uses as a soil conditioner to neutralize acid conditions in soil. It is uses to supress methane explosions in underground coal mines. it is a source of calcium and is added to bread and cereals. [3] (b) (i) Used to make steel rough and resist rust. (ii) Manufacture black enamel (iii) Manufacture bleaching powder and uses in electrical and glass industries. (iv) Used to form alloys. (v) Used in dry cell batteries. [3] (d) Petroleum is extracted from the underground reservoirs in sedimentary rock formation like sandstone, shale and limestone. Oil refineries are located on the coast because it minimises the cost of transportation and it also avoids the risk of transporting it inside the country due to its inflammable nature. A.8 (a) (i) A clearing is made in the forest by cutting and burning trees. (ii) Seeds are sown randomly without ploughing the land. (iii) No proper agricultural practices are adopted. (iv) After two to three years the land is abandoned as the yield decreases due to decreases in soil fertility. (v) Again a fresh clearing is made and the community migrates to the new clearing. (vi) This is a wasteful method of cultivation. (b) (i) Kharif crops (summer season) eg: rice, jowar, bajra, groundnut, jute, cotton, sesamum. (ii) Rabi crops (winter season) eg: wheat, gram, barley, potatoes, oilseeds, etc. In dry areas such crops are grown, which can withstand dry conditions. The fields are repeatedly ploughed before and during the rains to preserve the soil moisture. Farmers practice regular weeding along with construction of dykes and wells around fields. The area under cultivation is sown only once during the year. It is practiced in western Rajasthan and in some parts of the Deccan. Drought resistant crops like gram, wheat, millet, pulses are grown.

10 (d) The followiing are the features of bajra cultivation :- (i) It is a short season kharif crop, which is known as a mixed crop with cotton, jowar or ragi. (ii) It can be grown on red, or the sandly loams, or black soil. (iii) It is sown between May nad August and harvested between September and January. (iv) In some places, the plant is used for thatching roofs. [3] A.9 (a) It is necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hourse of harvesting because the sucrose content of the sugarcane decreases. (b) (i) India being a tropical country the need for woollen is limited to the winter months in northern India. (ii) Indigenous wool is of poor quality thus India has to import wool from Australia and UK to meet the demands of raw material. (iii) Wool is expensive thus garments made from synthetic fibres are cheaper and hence the synthetic textile industry is fast replacing the woollen industry. [3] It faces tough competition from artificial silk. The import of raw silk from China which is of a better quality and cheaper, is detrimental to the Indian sericulture industry. Advanced techniques for testing and grading of silk are inadequate. The industry needs modern power looms for increasing production. [3] (d) (i) The Chotta Nagpur region is very rich in mineral reserves such as coal, ironore, manganese and limestone which provides raw materials to Iron and Steel industry. (ii) Cheap labour is available from West Bengal, Uttar pradesh, Bihar (iii) Water canals are available for cheap transportation of minerals such as coal and iron ore. A.10 (a) (i) Durgapur Steel Plant (ii) Rourkela Steel Plant (iii) Bokaro Steel Plant (iv) Bhilai Steel Plant [3] (b) Cotton textile machinery - Gwalior and Mumbai. Agricultural machinery - Faridabad and Sonepat. (i) 1. Ship building industries need huge capital investment and is a large and complicated industry. 2. It needs continous research and development facilities also. (ii) Four yards of India are 1. Hindustan shipyard - Vishakhapatnam. 2. The Garden Read workshop - Kolkata. 3. The Mazagaon Dock - Mumbai 4. The Cochin Shipyard - Kochi [3]

11 (d) Iron and steel plants have blast furnaces which produces lot of CO 2 and heat and thus to absorb this polluting heat and CO 2 forests are grow in and around the steel cities. A.11 (a) (i) Village roads connect villages with one another and are very important for collection and transportation of agricultural and forest products. (ii) Most of the rural roads are now being constructed under the Minimum Needs Program and Pradhan Mantri Gramin Sadak Yojna. (b) Road transport has the following advantages :- (i) It is a relatively cheaper mode of transport as compared to other modes. (ii) Perishable goods can be transported at a faster speed by road carries over a short distance. (iii) It is a flexible mode of transport as loading and unloading is possible at any destination. It porvides door-to-door services. (iv) It helps people to travel and carry goods from one place to another; in places whihc are not connected by other means of transport, like hilly areas. [3] (i) Industry uses a great deal of energy that produces waste gases and other materials. (ii) Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide emitted from power stations cause health hazards because of their link with acid rain. (d) (i) Municipal waste is the waste generated in a municipality or a local government area. (ii) Such waste is produced by shops, offices, restaurants, schools, courts, libraries, banks, hospitals, parks, etc., and is collected from public waste bins. (iii) It also includes household or domestic rubbish, often dumped in dustbins for collection. [3]