Least Shrew Cryptotis parva

Transcription

1 Least Shrew Cryptotis parva Taxa: Mammalian Order: Soricomorpha Family: Soricidae KNOWN RANGE: SE-GAP Spp Code: ITIS Species Code: NatureServe Element Code: AMABA41 PREDICTED HABITAT: P:\Proj1\SEGap P:\Proj1\SEGap Range Map Link: Predicted Habitat Map Link: GAP Online Tool Link: Data Download: PROTECTION STATUS: Federal Status: --- State Status: CT (E), IA (T), KY (N), MI (T), MN (SPC), MS (Non-game species in need of management), NJ (U), NM (T), NY (U), PA (PE), WI (SC/N) NS Global Rank: G Reported on March 14, 211 NS State Rank: AL (S5), AR (S5), CO (S5), CT (S1), DC (S4), DE (SNR), FL (SNR), GA (S5), IA (S2), IL (S5), IN (S4), KS (S5), KY (S5), LA (S4), MD (S3S5), MI (S1S2), MN (S3), MO (SNR), MS (SNR), NC (S5), NE (S4), NJ (SU), NM (S2), NY (SH), OH (SNR), OK (S5), PA (S1), SC (SNR), SD (S3), TN (S5), TX (S4), VA (S5), WI (SH), WV (S2), ON (SH) Page 1 of 5

2 SUMMARY OF PREDICTED HABITAT BY MANAGMENT AND GAP PROTECTION STATUS: 69, ,98.2 1, ,31.4 US FWS US Forest Service Tenn. Valley Author. US DOD/ACOE 1, , , , , , , , , US Dept. of Energy US Nat. Park Service NOAA Other Federal Lands 24, , , , , ,75.4 4, , , , ,827.2 Native Am. Reserv. State Park/Hist. Park State WMA/Gameland State Forest , , , , , , , , , , ,139.8 State Coastal Reserve ST Nat.Area/Preserve Other State Lands Private Cons. Easemt. 1, , , , 12, ,249. 2, ,111.5 <.1 27, , , ,111.6 Private Land - No Res. Water ,212, , ,213, ,159.3 Overall 294, , ,67, ,411, ,592, GAP : An area having permanent protection from conversion of natural land cover and a mandated management plan in operation to maintain a natural state within which disturbance events (of natural type, frequency, and intensity) are allowed to proceed without interference or are mimicked through management. GAP : An area having permanent protection from conversion of natural land cover and a mandated management plan in operation to maintain a primarily natural state, but which may receive use or management practices that degrade the quality of existing natural communities. GAP : An area having permanent protection from conversion of natural land cover for the majority of the area, but subject to extractive uses of either a broad, low-intensity type or localized intense type. It also confers protection to federally listed endangered and threatened species throughout the area. GAP : Lack of irrevocable easement or mandate to prevent conversion of natural habitat types to anthropogenic habitat types. Allows for intensive use throughout the tract. Also includes those tracts for which the existence of such restrictions or sufficient information to establish a higher status is unknown. Page 2 of 5

3 PREDICTED HABITAT MODEL(S): Year-round Model: Habitat Description: The least shrew uses a variety of habitats, but optimal habitat seems to be old fields, meadows or marshes near wooded or brushy areas and ecotones (Webster et al. 1985; Briese & Smith 1974). They are also found in pinewoods with dense herbaceous cover and in forest openings of grassy, weedy, and brushy condition (Whitaker and Hamilton 1998). This shrew can be found in the maritime forests and salt marshes of the coastal barrier islands (Webster et al. 1985). In the southern part of their range, least shrews may be found in wooded habitats such as saw palmetto hammocks or managed stands of mature loblolly or shortleaf pine. The determining factor may be presence of herbaceous ground cover, especially grasses (Cothran et al. 1991). They may prefer drier sites, but are more tolerant of fluctuating water levels than B. brevacauda (Layne 1984). In Tennessee, the home range for one female was.57 acre and was.41 acre for one male. Nest site may be underground or under logs, stumps, rocks, and boards. They breed March-November in the north and all year in south (mainly spring-summer). Gestation lasts about 2 weeks. Litter size is 2-7 (average 4-5) with two to three litters per year. The young are weaned in 3 weeks and are sexually mature after 5 weeks. Stacy Smith, 12June5 Selected Map Units: Functional Group Map Unit Name Developed Open Space Evergreen Plantations Pasture/Hay Successional Grassland/Herbaceous Successional Grassland/Herbaceous (Other) Successional Grassland/Herbaceous (Utility Swath) Successional Shrub/Scrub (Clear Cut) Successional Shrub/Scrub (Other) Successional Shrub/Scrub (Utility Swath) Central Appalachian Montane Rocky - Herbaceous Modifier Central Appalachian Montane Rocky - Shrub Modifier Southern Appalachian Grass and Shrub - Herbaceous Modifier Southern Appalachian Grass and Shrub - Shrub Modifier Atlantic Coastal Plain Central Salt and Brackish Tidal Marsh Atlantic Coastal Plain Embayed Region Tidal Salt and Brackish Marsh Atlantic Coastal Plain Indian River Lagoon Tidal Marsh Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Sea-Level Fen Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Tidal Salt Marsh Florida Big Bend Salt-Brackish Tidal Marsh Mississippi Sound Salt and Brackish Tidal Marsh South Florida Everglades Sawgrass Marsh Southwest Florida Perched Barriers Salt Swamp and Lagoon - Marsh Modifier Alabama Ketona Glade and Woodland Atlantic Coastal Plain Central Maritime Forest Atlantic Coastal Plain Fall-Line Sandhills Longleaf Pine Woodland - Loblolly Modifier Atlantic Coastal Plain Fall-line Sandhills Longleaf Pine Woodland - Scrub/Shrub Understory Modifier Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Maritime Forest Central Appalachian Alkaline Glade and Woodland Central Appalachian Oak and Pine Forest Central Interior Highlands Calcareous Glade and Barrens Central Interior Highlands Dry Acidic Glade and Barrens Cumberland Sandstone Glade and Barrens East Gulf Coastal Plain Black Belt Calcareous and Woodland - Woodland Modifier East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Shortleaf Pine-Oak Forest - Pine Modifier East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland - Loblolly Modifier East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland - Scrub/Shrub Modifier East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Dry Upland Hardwood Forest - Offsite Pine Modifier Page 3 of 5

4 East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Loess Plain Oak-Hickory Upland - Juniper Modifier Florida Longleaf Pine Sandhill - Scrub/Shrub Understory Modifier Florida Peninsula Inland Scrub Nashville Basin Limestone Glade Northeastern Interior Dry Oak Forest - Virginia/Pitch Pine Modifier Ridge and Valley Calcareous Valley Bottom Glade and Woodland Southeast Florida Coastal Strand and Maritime Hammock Southern and Central Appalachian Mafic Glade and Barrens Southern Piedmont Dry Oak-(Pine) Forest - Loblolly Pine Modifier Southern Piedmont Dry Oak-Heath Forest - Virginia/Pitch Pine Modifier Southern Piedmont Glade and Barrens Southwest Florida Coastal Strand and Maritime Hammock Atlantic Coastal Plain Central Fresh-Oligohaline Tidal Marsh Atlantic Coastal Plain Embayed Region Tidal Freshwater Marsh Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Fresh and Oligohaline Tidal Marsh Florida Big Bend Fresh-Oligohaline Tidal Marsh Bluegrass Basin Savanna and Woodland East Gulf Coastal Plain Black Belt Calcareous and Woodland East Gulf Coastal Plain Black Belt Calcareous and Woodland - Herbaceous Modifier East Gulf Coastal Plain Jackson Plain and Barrens East Gulf Coastal Plain Jackson and Woodland Eastern Highland Rim and Barrens Eastern Highland Rim and Barrens - Dry Modifier Florida Dry Panhandle Florida Limestone Glade Pennyroyal Karst Plain and Barrens Southern Ridge and Valley Patch Western Highland Rim and Barrens Atlantic Coastal Plain Blackwater Stream Floodplain Forest - Herbaceous Modifier Atlantic Coastal Plain Clay-Based Carolina Bay Herbaceous Wetland Atlantic Coastal Plain Depression Pondshore Atlantic Coastal Plain Large Natural Lakeshore Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Pondshore Central Appalachian Floodplain - Herbaceous Modifier Central Appalachian Riparian - Herbaceous Modifier Central Florida Herbaceous Pondshore Central Florida Herbaceous Seep Central Interior Highlands and Appalachian Sinkhole and Depression Pond East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Shrub Bog East Gulf Coastal Plain Jackson Plain Dry Flatwoods - Scrub/Shrub Understory Modifier East Gulf Coastal Plain Large River Floodplain Forest - Herbaceous Modifier East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods - Scrub/Shrub Understory Modifier East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Depression Pondshore East Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Depression Pondshore East Gulf Coastal Plain Treeless Savanna and Wet Floridian Highlands Freshwater Marsh Lower Mississippi River Bottomland Depressions - Herbaceous Modifier North-Central Appalachian Seepage Fen South Florida Pond-Apple/Popash Slough South-Central Interior Large Floodplain - Herbaceous Modifier Southern and Central Appalachian Bog and Fen Southern Coastal Plain Herbaceous Seepage Bog Southern Piedmont Large Floodplain Forest - Herbaceous Modifier CITATIONS: Baker, Rollin H Michigan mammals. Michigan State University Press. 642 Page 4 of 5

5 Briese, Linda A. and Michael H. Smith Seasonal abundance and movement of nine species of small mammals. Journal of Mammalogy. 55(3): Choate, J. R Systematics and zoogeography of Middle American shrews of the genus Cryptotis. Univ. Kansas Pub. Mus. Nat. Hist. 19: Choate, J.R. and E.D. Fleharty Habitat preference and spatial relations of shrews in a mixed grassland in Kansas. Southwestern Nat. 18(1): Cothran, E.G., M.H. Smith, J.O. Wolff and J.B. Gentry Mammals of the Savannah River Site. Savannah River Site National Environmental Research Park Program. SRO-NERP-21. SREL, Aiken, SC. 191 Evers, D. C A guide to Michigan's endangered wildlife. Univ. Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. viii + 13 Godin, A.J Wild Mammals of New England. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 34 Hall, E. R The Mammals of North America. Second edition. 2 Volumes. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York p. Hamilton, William J., Jr., and John O. Whitaker, Jr Mammals of the eastern United States. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York. 346 Hoffmeister, D.F., and C.O. Mohr Fieldbook of Illinois mammals. Illionis Nat. Hist. Surv. Div., Manual Jones, J. K., Jr., et al Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, Occas. Pap. Mus., Texas Tech Univ. (146):1-23. Kale, H.W A high concentration of Cryptotis parva in a forest in Florida. Jour. Mamm. 53(1): Layne, J. N The land mammals of South Florida. Environments of South Florida, Past and Present II. P. J. Gleason ed. Coral Gables, Florida: Miami Geological Society; Mock, O.B Reproduction of the least shrew (Cryptotis parva) in captivity. Univ. Missouri, unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, 132 Schwartz, Charles W., and Elizabeth R. Schwartz The wild mammals of Missouri. University of Missouri Press, Columbia. 356 van Zyll de Jong, C. G Handbook of Canadian Mammals. 1. Marsupials and insectivores. Nat. Mus. Canada, Ottawa. 212 Webster, W. D., J. F. Parnell and W. C. Biggs Jr Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. Whitaker, J. O., Jr CRYPTOTIS PARVA. Am. Soc. Mamm., Mammalian Species No. 43:1-8. Whitaker, J.O. Jr. and W.J. Hamilton, Jr Mammals of the eastern United States. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York. 583 Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (editors) Mammal Species of the World:a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second Edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. xviii For more information:: SE-GAP Analysis Project / BaSIC 127 David Clark Labs Dept. of Biology, NCSU Raleigh, NC (919) Compiled: 15 September 211 This data was compiled and/or developed by the Southeast GAP Analysis Project at The Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center, North Carolina State University. Page 5 of 5