AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE CROSS-BORDER AREA BETWEEN ROMANIA-BULGARIA DURING

Transcription

1 CONDUCTING STATISTICAL STUDIES AND SURVEYS IN THE CROSS-BORDER AREA BETWEEN BULGARIA AND ROMANIA AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE CROSS-BORDER AREA BETWEEN ROMANIA-BULGARIA DURING QUARTERELY REPORT IV February 2012

2 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION The main aim and the general context of the report The opportunities of the Operational Program of Cooperation in the Cross-Border area between Romania and Bulgaria The Program area Methodological note PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ABSTRACT Main indicators of the field Localization indicators for the Ro-Bg cross-border area (degrees) The length of the border (km) The surface of the area and of the administrative-territorial units (sq. km) Land fund, by possession method (thousand hectares) The biosphere reserves surface (ha) The national and natural parks surface (ha) The length of the main watercourses (km) The area of the main lakes (natural and anthropogenic) (ha) The volume of the main lakes (mil. m 3 ) The number of the protected natural areas (in administration and in custody) (number) The surface of the protected natural areas (in administration and in custody) (ha) Water resources provided, according to the degree of harnessing (million m 3 /year) Surface water quality, by quality class (km) Annual forest cuttings thou. ha Conclusions Glossary CLIMATE CHANGE AND CLEAN ENERGY Abstract Main indicators of the field Emissions of greenhouse gases (thousand tons) The average temperature at the soil surface (degrees Celsius) Conclusions Glossary AGRICULTURE Abstract Main indicators of the field Agricultural land fund (ha) Fish production (tons) Agricultural branch production

3 4.2.4 Livestock (number at end of year) Tractors and agricultural machinery parks (number) Average production per hectar of the main crop (kg/ha) Total fruit production (tons) Average fruit production per hectare (tons/ha) Total grapes production (tons) Average grape production per hectare (kg/ha) Livestock production Total vegetable agricultural production (tons) The area cultivated with the main crops The productive orchards area (ha) The productive vineyards area (ha) Livestock density index (number of heads / 100 ha) Reafforestation surface (ha) The volume of harvested wood (thousands m³ - gross volume) Conclusions Glossary ANNEX 1 The list of indicators corresponding to the report "Agriculture and environment in the cross-border region between Bulgaria-Romania during ANNEX 2 Data tables for the indicators corresponding to the report "Agriculture and environment in the cross-border area between Romania-Bulgaria during " within SIDRT RO-BG -3-

4 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 The main aim and the general context of the report The present report addresses the main components in shaping the profile of some areas such as preservation and management of natural resources, climate change and clean energy and agriculture in the cross-border region between Bulgaria-Romania. The report is elaborated by the Romanian Institute for Social and Economic Research and surveys (IRECSON) within the contract "Conducting studies and statistical surveys in the cross-border region between Romania and Bulgaria", as an integral part of the Strategic Project entitled "The status and socio-economic evolution of the cross-border region between Romania-Bulgaria". The strategic project is carried out by the operational programme of cross-border cooperation Romania- Bulgaria (RO-BG CBC ), and seeks to create a support tool for the authorities involved in the management of the programme, as well as for potential beneficiaries and for the population in the two countries, by providing a complex and complete database with indicators in various socio-economic fields. In this context, the main purpose of this report is to present an analysis of the agriculture and environment in the Bulgaria-Romania cross-border area. The main purpose of the report is to provide a technical support for the socio-economic development strategy of the cross-border region between Bulgaria-Romania, through a synthetic and objective study on major issues relating to important components of economic development: natural resources, climate change and agricultural sector. In this context, as specific objectives, the study aims to address a number of aspects for the development of the anthropic capital and human capital in the cross-border region, trying to: - represent, through a selection of pertinent and relevant statistical data, the basic features of the agriculture and environment; - identify the significant aspects of the profile of the areas analyzed in the region; - submit data and information in border areas related to: o preservation and management of natural resources o climate change and clean energy o agriculture o forestry -4-

5 - identify territorial disparities in the eligible addressed. The study does not propose to address the complex and complete fan of the anthropic capital development, but only the priority problems related to agriculture and environment. Other aspects of the development of anthropic capital will be the subject of other thematic trimestrial or annual studies. The report will be of benefit to all those interested in understanding the problems and difficulties encountered in the fields addressed in finding common solutions to common problems in the two areas of the cross-border region, in formulating and supporting strategic development programmes. 1.2 The opportunities of the Operational Program of Cooperation in the Cross- Border area between Romania and Bulgaria The program establishes the European Territorial Cross-Border Cooperation between the cross-border regions of Romania and Bulgaria in the context of Cohesion Policy , by supporting advantageous actions referring to integrated territorial development, harmonized with the European Community's priorities, strengthening inter-regional cooperation and exchange of experience between appropriate territorial levels. The program is developed, conjointly, by Romania and Bulgaria and contains a set of proposals on key areas of intervention in terms of cross-border cooperation provided by the European Territorial Cooperation Objective. The program includes three priority axes, which constitute the strategic part of the document and which will be implemented through key areas of intervention, in close relationship with each other and a horizontal priority axis that provides assistance for preparing the projects, for monitoring and evaluating and for communication activities regarding the Program's distinctiveness. The general and specific objectives of the program are: -5-

6 Figure 1.Program s objectives STATEGIC OBJECTIVE The closeness of contacts between the people, the communities and the economies belonging to the cross-border area between Romania and Bulgaria, in order to participate in developing the conjoint cooperation area, by constant use of resources and human, natural and environmental advantages. 1 Improving access to the transport infrastructure within the eligible area, in order to facilitate the mobility of goods and people. 2 Improving the information availability and dissemination regarding to joint opportunities in the borderland. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 3 The constancy of the natural resources' intrinsic value by the prudent exploitation and effective protection of the environment. 4 The permanent economic development of the borderland through conjoint initiatives in order to identify and strengthen the comparative advantages and reducing the disadvantages. 5 The social and cultural coherence strengthened by cooperative actions between people and communities Priority Axis 1 Priority Axis 2 Priority Axis 3 Accessibility Improving mobility and access to transport, information and communication infrastructure, in the cross-border area. Environment The constant use and protection of the natural and environmental resources and promoting an effective risk management in the cross-border region. Economic and social development Economic development and social cohesion by identifying and strengthening the area's comparative advantages. Priority Axis 4 Technical Assistance -6-

7 The strategic project "Social-economic status and development of the Romanian-Bulgarian cross-border area" is proposed under Priority Axis 3, which aims to promote and support cooperation initiatives in several major sectors in order to determine the economic development of the cross-border area in a competitive manner. The main objectives are: Cross-border area infrastructure and business services development; Promoting the image of the cross-border area inside and outside its borders; Supporting the development of conjoint integrated tourism products by using comparative advantage of the cross-border region; Stimulating cross-border cooperation between universities, research institutes and enterprises; Supporting the cross-border exchange of information on employment opportunities; Developing the cross-border education services in conjunction with the integrated market needs; Developing the cross-border bonds and exchanges between education/ training centers; Strengthening coherence social and cultural cooperation between people and local communities in the area of programme. The major areas of intervention identified in the priority axis 3 (economic and social development) will contribute to the achievement of specific and pertinent objectives defined in the Program: Improved availability and dissemination of information on joint opportunities in the crossborder area; Constant economic development of the cross-border area through joint initiatives in order to identify and strengthen the comparative advantages and to reduce the disadvantages; Strengthening the social and cultural coherence by cooperative actions between people and communities. The general objectives of the strategic project aim at: a) Understanding the issues faced by the community and the business in the two areas (Romanian and Bulgarian) of the cross-border region, i.e understanding / knowing of the real social-economic situation through analysis, evaluation and monitoring; b) Developing the tools and statistical methods and the common indicators in the covered areas; c) Monitoring the project implementation and evaluating their impact; d) Increasing the awareness regarding the projects and social objectives among the population involved; e) Strengthening the main social networks' and local governments' ability to promote, support and develop programs and policies at EU level. The analysis, evaluation and monitoring of the situation in the region, of the evolution and tendencies in the period under the impact of implemented projects in the program area will be -7-

8 achieved through statistical studies and surveys on pertinent and relevant issues, which will be addressed in an integrating vision in order to identify the specific problems and solutions of the two (Romanian and Bulgarian) components of the cross-border region. 1.3 The Program area The eligible program area is located in northern Bulgaria and southern Romania along the national border, which lies between Serbia and the Black Sea. The border is extended on 610 km, and on 470 km is marked of the Danube River. The program area consists of seven Romanian counties and eight Bulgarian districts, located right next to the national border. These 15 administrative units (NUTS III level) belong to six regions (NUTS II level), as follows: - Mehedinti, Dolj and Olt counties which belong to the Oltenia Region of Development Region in South-West Romania; - Teleorman, Giurgiu and Calarasi counties which belong to the South Muntenia Region of Development in Romania; - Constanta county which belongs to South-East Region of Development in Romania; - districts of Vidin, Vratsa, Montana and Pleven constitute the North West Planning Region of Bulgaria; - districts of Veliko Tarnovo, Ruse and Silistra which belong to the North Central Bulgaria Planning Region; - Dobrich district which belongs to the North East Planning Region of Bulgaria. Razgrad District was included in the eligible area of the program, the decision being based on the following arguments: Razgrad District is adjacent to eligible NUTS III Ruse and Silistra areas, being located only 10 km away from the national border (Danube River); This district has the same needs, constraints and characteristics of the cross-border area. After this inclusion, the whole eligible area becomes more compact. -8-

9 The program area is shown in the following map. Map No.1 Eligible NUTS 3 areas in Romania and Bulgaria The sixteen NUTS III-level units which constitute the Program area have a total area of km ², of which 54.66% belong to Romania and 45.34% belong to Bulgaria. The Program area covers 20.59% of the total area of the two countries. 1.4 Methodological note The present report aims to present in a simple language, supported by relevant tables and synthetic graphics, a number of issues that provide an overview of the potential elements, but also of the weaknesses and disparities in the distribution and use of resources in the field of agriculture and environment in the cross-border region between Romania and Bulgaria. The state, evolution and tendencies in the development of the two areas are analyzed, by administrative-territorial units (development/planning regions, counties/districts) belonging to the two areas located on both sides of the border. The report is structured in four chapters dealing with specific aspects of recent trends ( ) of development of anthropic capital in the perspective of the two fields (environment and agriculture), stressing the obvious disparities are structures characteristic of the administrative territorial units in the corss-border area. Analyses and comparisons are made at the level of the cross-border areas between the administrative-territorial units of the region and the national average level of the two countries, comparative analysis based mostly on indicators, harmonized in a conceptual and methodological point of view. The aspects have, in general, a unique character in terms of both information and perspective approach. -9-

10 The analyses are built on a subset of indicators to measure the anthropic capital, part of the System of indicators for sustainable development of the cross-border Region (SIDRT) created within the project as a general system of indicators which can be used for keeping trace of the program results and of the impact of its implementation on various components of economic and social situation in the cross-border region. The statistical data used in the analysis derive mainly from the databases of the national statistical institutes of Romania and Bulgaria and the website of the Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT). The use of synthetic-based tabular forms, as well as impressive graphics (charts, cartograms) allows us to highlight the specific problems at the level of administrative-territorial units in the programme area. 2 PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 2.1 ABSTRACT At the national level, the surface of the districts in this area is 29.38% of the area of Bulgaria, while in Romania this percentage is smaller, the surface of the seven counties in the cross-border area occupying 14.49% of the national territory. The main watercourse in the Romanian area of the cross-border region is the Danube river (the second longest river in Europe). Its lower course is carried out in Romania over a distance of km, between Sulina and Baziaș localities, forming the border with Serbia (235.5 km), Bulgaria (469.5 km), Moldavia (0.6 km), and Ukraine (53.9 km). In Romania, the Danube basin represents nearly 30% of the total basine of the Danube. The main natural lakes of the Romanian border region are in Constanţa county (totalling ha). Here, we must note Lake Sinoie hectares (66.83% of the total area of natural lakes in Constanţa and 18.46% of the total area of lakes in Romania). In the Bulgarian area of cross-border region, only in Silistra district there is a natural lake, Srebarna, with an area of 225 hectacres. This lake was declared a nature reserve and was included in the UNESCO heritage. Both in Romania and in Bulgaria, the share of the water resources is ensured by the surface waters. In Romania, the share of the total resources of groundwater is 13.75%, while in Bulgaria it is 9.55%. However, 13.75% groundwater in 2009 represented 5411 m 3 /year, while in Bulgaria, the total water resources provided was of 6120 m 3 /year. In 2009, the percentage of the quality class of the hydrographic basins in Romania on the rivers shows that almost a half of these waters are quality II (46.84%), and more than a quarter of them (25.75%) are quality I. Vidin district is the only district in the Bulgarian cross-border region where -10-

11 the surface water quality is good (88.94% within the class of good quality). A special situation is in Ruse and Dobrich districts where there is no surface waters with a good quality. In the Romanian area of cross-border region, the evolution of the annual forest cutting registered small oscillations during , from a decrease of -1.47% in 2009 compared to 2008 in Olt County, to an increase in Giurgiu county with % in 2009 compared to Instead, in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region there is an apparent tendency of decrease in 2008 and 2009 of the thousands of hectares of forest cuttings. -11-

12 2.2 Main indicators of the field Localization indicators for the Ro-Bg cross-border area (degrees) Table 2.1 Localization indicators for the Ro-Bg cross-border area (degrees) Romania Bulgaria Cardinals North Latitude East Longitude North Latitude East Longitude NORTH SOUTH EAST WEST Data source: Romania National Institute of Statistics, Romania Bulgaria - National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria Romania is situated in the northern hemisphere, at the intersection of the parallel of 45 north latitude and the meridian of East longitude 25. Romania is bordered on the North by Ukraine, on the south by Bulgaria, on the West by Hungary, on the Southwest by Serbia, and in the East by the Republic of Moldavia. Bulgaria, like Romania, is situated in the northern hemisphere, and is located on the globe between 41 15' ' North latitude and 22 20'-28 25' East longitude. Bulgaria borders with Romania to the North (mostly along the Danube river), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the West, and Greece and Turkey to the South. To the East, the territory of the country is bounded by the Black Sea. The Bulgarian-Romanian crossborder area enframes in the interval of North latitude and East longitude. Figure 2.1 The geographical location of the Bulgaria-Romania cross-border region (latitude and longitude) Source: The length of the border (km) The border between Romania and Bulgaria is located mostly along the Danube river (470 km), between the cities of Bregovo (Bulgaria) and Silistra (Bulgaria) and Călăraşi (Romania). From there, the River follows a trail to the North, the border being set on land until reaching the shores of the Black Sea between Șabla (Bulgaria), Mangalia (Romania). (Bulgaria) and Vama Veche (Romania). On the whole, the border is located between the localities Pristol -12-

13 Table 2.2 The length of the border (km) Romania Bulgaria Constanţa Vidin Călăraşi Montana Giurgiu Vratsa Teleorman Pleven Dolj Veliko Tarnovo Mehedinţi Ruse Olt Razgrad Silistra Dobrich Data source: Romania - National Institute of Statistics Romania Bulgaria - National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria In Constanta and Dolj counties, the greatest lengths of the border are registered (152 km, 138 km) in the total Romanian-Bulgarian cross-border area. In Bulgaria, in Silistra district there are 125 km of border with Romania, therefore, Silistra is the Bulgarian district with the greatest length of the border with Romania. The only district which has no direct border with Romania is Razgrad. This is adjacent to the eligigle NUTS III areas, Ruse and Silistra, being located only 10 km away from the national border (River Danube). Figure 2.2 The length of the border (km) The surface of the area and of the administrative-territorial units (sq. km) The 16 counties and districts in the Bulgaria-Romania cross-border region, occupy a total area of sq. km, of which sq.km in the Romanian area (representing 54.66% of the total area) and in the Bulgarian area sq.km (i.e %). As for the national level, the surface of these districts in this area is of 29.38% of the Bulgarian surface, while in Romania this percentage is smaller, the surface of the seven counties in the area of the cross-border region occupy 14.49% of the national territory. -13-

14 Table 2.3 The surface of the cross-border region between Romania-Bulgaria and of the administrativeterritorial units (sq. km) Romania 238, , ,391.0 Bulgaria 111, , ,001.9 Total area 39, , ,320.0 Total area 32, , ,613.4 Constanţa 7, , ,071.0 Vidin 3, , ,033.0 Călăraşi 5, , ,088.0 Montana 3, , ,636.0 Giurgiu 3, , ,526.0 Vratsa 3, , ,620.0 Teleorman 5, , ,790.0 Pleven 4, , ,653.3 Dolj 7, , ,414.0 Veliko Tarnovo 4, , ,662.0 Mehedinţi 4, , ,933.0 Ruse 2, , ,803.4 Olt 5, , ,498.0 Razgrad 2, , ,639.7 Silistra 2, , ,846.3 Dobrich 4, , ,719.7 Data source: Romania - National Institute of Statistics Romania Bulgaria: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria Figure 2.3 The surface of the cross-border region between Romania-Bulgaria and of the administrativeterritorial units (sq. km) Land fund, by possession method (thousand hectares) In 2009, the area occupied by non-agricultural and agricultural land in the Romanian area of cross-border region represented 16.49% of the total Romanian territory. Of the 3932 hectares of land in the Romanian area of this region, 78.22% represented agricultural areas, 10.77% forests and other lands with forestry vegetation, and 4.03% represented rivers and ponds. The land associated with the Romanian area of the cross-border region, totalled in 2009, thousand hectares, i.e % of the Romanian agricultural area. The seven counties in the cross-border region constituted together 18.65% of the rivers and ponds of Romania (850 thousand hectares). Compared to 2008, in 2009 there were a series of changes at the national level as regards the land fund structure. Thus, the area occupied by agricultural land and waters and ponds grew by 33.4 thousand hectares, as a result of the decrease of the area occupied by forests and other lands with forestry vegetation, as well as other areas with 33.4 thousand hectares. These changes occur in the 5 counties in -14-

15 the Romanian area of the cross-border region (Constanţa, Giurgiu, Călăraşi, Dolj, Teleorman). For example, in Constanţa, there were 7.1 thousand hectares in 2008 were occupied with other areas that became in 2009 agricultural land, forests and other lands with forestry vegetation and waters and ponds. Table 2.4 Land fund, by possession method (thousand hectares) Romania The agricultural area Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation Water and ponds Other surfaces Constanţa The agricultural area Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation Water and ponds Other surfaces Călăraşi The agricultural area Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation Water and ponds Other surfaces Giurgiu The agricultural area Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation Water and ponds Other surfaces Teleorman The agricultural area Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation Water and ponds Other surfaces Dolj The agricultural area Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation Water and ponds Other surfaces Mehedinţi The agricultural area Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation Water and ponds Other surfaces Olt The agricultural area Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation Water and ponds Other surfaces Data source: National Institute of Statistics Romania In 2009, in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region between Romania and Bulgaria, Dolj and Constanta counties were distinguished, with 18.86% and 17.98% of the available land of this region. Most of the agricultural area of the region was also in these two counties (19.02%, 17.98%). Instead, the highest share of forests and other land with forest vegetation is in Mehedinţi County, where forests and other lands with forestry vegetation totalized 35.39% of these types of lands in the area of cross-border region -15-

16 Constanţa Călăraşi Giurgiu Teleorman Dolj Mehedinţi Olt Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between between Romania and Bulgaria. We can explain this fact because 30.37% of Mehedinti County's land fund is occupied by forests and other forestry terrains. Although only 6.11% of the Land Fund of the Constanţa County is occupied by the waters and ponds, at the level of the Romanian area of the cross-border region, the County recorded the largest share of the area occupied by waters and ponds (27.26%). Other surfaces Water and ponds Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation The agricultural area Other surfaces Water and ponds Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation The agricultural area Other surfaces Water and ponds Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation The agricultural area Other surfaces Water and ponds Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation The agricultural area Other surfaces Water and ponds Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation The agricultural area Other surfaces Water and ponds Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation The agricultural area Other surfaces Water and ponds Forests and other lands with forestry vegetation The agricultural area thou. ha Figure 2.4 The structure of the land fund in the cross-border area between Romania and Bulgaria in 2009 by the possession method (thou. ha) The biosphere reserves surface (ha) The most famous natural reserve of the Romanian biosphere is represented by the Danube Delta ( ha). The Danube Delta was registered into the world heritage UNESCO in 1991, being classified as a biosphere reserve at national level in Romania and as a national park in international taxonomy (science that deals with the laws of the classification and systematization of areas with a complex structure) of IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). Srebarna is a natural reserve located on the border between Bulgaria and Romania, at 18 km from Silistra. The natural reserve includes Srebarna Lake and some areas of the surroundings. This is the main route used by birds migrating between Europe and Africa, called "Via Pontica". The area was declared a natural reserve in 1948 and comprises an area of approximately 600 hectares and a another area of about 540 hectares. The natural reservation joined the UNESCO heritage. -16-

17 ha. Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between Table 2.5 The biosphere reserves surface (ha) Romania Bulgaria Data source: Romania: National Institute of statistics Romania Bulgaria: National Institute of statistics Bulgaria The biosphere reserves area in Romania represents 2.79% of the total area of the country, while in Bulgaria this percentage is lower, the reservations occupy hectares, representing only 0.37% of the country The national and natural parks surface (ha) The area occupied by natural and national parks in Romania represented 4.41% of the total area of the country, while in Bulgaria it represented 3.55%. Over the period , in both countries no amendments of the national parks area are registered. Table 2.6 The national and natural parks surface (ha) Romania National parks Natural parks Bulgaria Data source: Romania: National Institute of statistics Romania Bulgaria: National Institute of statistics Bulgaria 1,200,000 1,000, , ,000 1,053, , ,000 0 National and natural parks in Romania 395,100 National and natural parks in Bulgaria Figure 2.5 The area of the parks in Romania and Bulgaria (ha) The length of the main watercourses (km) The main watercourse of the Romanian area of the cross-border region is the Danube river (the second longest river in Europe). Its lower course is carried out in Romania over a distance of km, between Sulina and Baziaș localities, forming the border with Serbia (235.5 km), Bulgaria (469.5 km), Moldavia (

18 km), and Ukraine (53.9 km). In Romania, the Danube basin represents nearly 30% of the total Danube basin. Table 2.7 The length of the main rivers in the Romanian area of cross-border region between Romania and Bulgaria (km) Romania Mehedinti - The Danube river Topolnita river Cosustea river Motru river Husnita river OLT - the Danube river Olt river Vedea river Calmatui river Cotmeana river Calmatui river Teleorman river Vedita river Calarasi - the Danube river Arges river Dambovita river Dolj - the Danube river Jiu river Teslui river Teleorman - the Danube river Olt river Vedea river Teleorman river Calmatuiul river Giurgiu - the Danube river Arges river Neajlov river Sabar river Calnistea river Milcovat river Ciorogarla river Constanta - the Danube river Danube-Black Sea Canal Data source: National Institute of statistics Romania -18-

19 km. Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between Table 2.8 The length of the main rivers in the Romanian area of cross-border region between Romania and Bulgaria (km) Bulgaria Vidin Montana Vratsa Pleven Veliko Tarnovo Ruse Razgrad Silistra Dobrich Data source: National Institute of statistics Bulgaria In the Bulgarian area of cross-border region, in Veliko-Tarnovo district there are 726 km of rivers, representing 19.71% of the total length of the water courses in the Bulgarian area of cross-border region between Romania-Bulgaria. This is followed by the Vidin district (16.45%) and Montana (15.15%). In Silistra district there are fewer km of watercourses in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region (76 km, namely 2.06% of the total length of the water courses in the area) Vidin Montana Vratsa Pleven Veliko Tarnovo Ruse Razgrad Silistra Dobrich Figure 2.6 The length of the main rivers in the Bulgarian districts of the cross-border region (km) The area of the main lakes (natural and anthropogenic) (ha) The main natural lakes of the Romanian border region are in Constanţa County (totalling ha). We observe Lake Sinoie of hectares (66.83% of the total area of natural lakes in Constanţa and 18.46% of the total area of lakes in Romania) 1. Portile de fier lake, in Mehedinţi County, with an area of hectares is the main reservoir of Romania, with a share of 68.32% of the total anthropogenic lakes in Romania. 1 In the file associated with the Romanian indicator for the cross-border region are specified the main lakes, with their name and area. -19-

20 Table 2.9 The total area of the main lakes (natural and anthropogenic) in the Romanian area of the crossborder region (ha) Romania Natural lakes Anthropogenic lakes Constanţa Natural lakes Călăraşi Natural lakes Teleorman Natural lakes Dolj Natural lakes Mehedinţi Natural lakes Anthropogenic lakes *) Olt Anthropogenic lakes *) Including Portile de Fier lake, Between the confluence Danube-Nera and the dam (according to the data of the two hydroelectric power stations). Data source: National Institute of statistics, Romania In the Bulgarian area of cross-border region, in Silistra district there is only one natural lake, Srebarna 2, with an area of 225 acres. This Lake was declared a nature reserve and was included in the UNESCO heritage. Table 2.10 The area of the main lakes in Bulgaria (ha) Bulgaria Vidin Montana Vratsa Pleven Veliko Tarnovo Ruse Razgrad Silistra Dobrich Data source: National Institute of statistics Bulgaria 2 In the file associated to the indicator for the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region are specified the main lakes, with their name and area -20-

21 2.2.9 The volume of the main lakes (mil. m 3 ) The main natural lake of the Romanian area of the cross-border region, Sinoie lake, also has the largest volume (210,7 million m 3, i.e % of the total volume of the main natural lakes in Romania). Table 2.11 The volume of the main lakes in Romania (mil. m 3 ) Romania Natural lakes Anthropogenic lakes Constanta Natural lakes Oltina Hazarlâc Taşaul Techirghiol Mangalia Tatlageac Sinoie Siutghiol Anthropogenic lakes Calarasi Natural lakes Iezerul Mostiştei 160,0 1) 160,0 1) 160,0 1) Anthropogenic lakes Giurgiu Teleorman Natural lakes Suhaia Anthropogenic lakes Dolj Natural lakes Bistreţ Anthropogenic lakes Mehedinti Natural lakes Zăton Anthropogenic lakes Olt Natural lakes Anthropogenic lakes Strejeşti Ipoteşti Frunzaru ) Volume resulted after landscaping irrigation works. Data source: National Institute of Statistics Romania -21-

22 The number of the protected natural areas (in administration and in custody) (number) In 2008 compared with 2007, the number of protected natural areas (in administration and custody) has increased, both in Romania and in Bulgaria (with 2.06% in Romania and with 0.96% in Bulgaria), while in 2009 this number remained at the same level as in Table 2. The number of the protected natural areas (in administration and in custody) (number) Romania Bulgaria Data source: Romania: National Institute of Statistics Romania Bulgaria: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria ,356 1,384 1, România Bulgaria Figure 2.7 The number of the protected natural areas (in administration and in custody) (number) Table 2.12 The number of the protected natural areas in the Bulgariana area of the cross-border region (in administration and in custody) (number) Vidin Montana Vratsa Pleven Veliko Tarnovo Ruse Razgrad Silistra Dobrich Data source: Bulgaria: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria In 2009, between the Bulgarian districts of the cross-border area between Romania-Bulgaria we remark Pleven and Veliko Tarnovo, where 27.69% and 15.90% of the total natural protected natural in the region are found. Only the Vidin and Pleven districts, in 2009 more protected natural areas than in 2007 are registered. -22-

23 Vidin Montana Vratsa Pleven Veliko Tarnovo Ruse Razgrad Silistra Dobrich Figure 2.8 The number of the protected natural areas in the Bulgarian districts of the cross-border region (in administration and in custody) (number) The surface of the protected natural areas (in administration and in custody) (ha) In 2008, compared with 2007, the surface of the protected natural areas (in administration and custody) has increased, both in Romania and in Bulgaria (5.18% in Romania and 2.65% in Bulgaria). In 2009 the tendency of increase has continued, but to a much lesser extent (0.24% in Romania respectively 0.07% in Bulgaria). Table 2.13 The surface of the protected natural areas (in administration and in custody) (ha) Romania 8,866,523 9,325,683 9,348,478 Bulgaria 566, , ,100 Data source: Romania: National Institute of Statistics Romania Bulgaria: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria 10,000,800 9,000,800 8,000,800 7,000,800 6,000,800 5,000,800 4,000,800 3,000,800 2,000,800 1,000, ,866,523 9,325, , ,700 România Bulgaria 9,348, ,100 Figure 2.9 The surface of the protected natural areas (in administration and in custody) (ha) -23-

24 Table 2.14 The surface of the natural protected areas of the districts in the Bulgarian area of cross-border region between Romania-Bulgaria (in administration and in custody) (ha) Vidin Montana Vratsa Pleven Veliko Tarnovo Ruse Razgrad Silistra Dobrich Data source: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria Although, between the districts of the Bulgarian cross-border region, Pleven was the district with the highest number of protected natural areas in the region, Pleven occupies third place with 4300 hectacres (15.93% of the total area). The first two places are occupied by Silistra and Dobrich districts (with a share of 24.44% and 16.67% of the total area of protected natural areas of the region) Vidin Montana Vratsa Pleven Veliko Tarnovo Ruse Razgrad Silistra Dobrich Figure 2.10 The surface of the protected natural areas of the Bulgarian districts in the cross-border region Romania-Bulgaria (in administration and in custody) (ha) Water resources provided, according to the degree of harnessing (million m 3 /year) In Romania, the water resources provided registered a decrease of the number of cubic metres/year during the period , in 2009 by -2.81% m 3 /year than in This trend was influenced by the huge decrease in water resources of groundwater (-18.96% fewer m 3 in 2009 compared with 2007). In Bulgaria the situation was somewhat special in 2008 with an increase in the total number of cubic metres/year (+ 3.61%), due to the increasing volume of surface waters (with %), while the volume of -24-

25 m3 /year Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between groundwater decreased by -4.05%. In 2009, both the volume of surface waters (-4.70% compared to 2008 and -0.42% compared with 2007) and groundwater (-5. 11% compared to 2008 and -8.96% compared with 2007) decreased. Table 2.15 Water resources provided, according to the degree of harnessing (million m 3 /year) Romania Bulgaria according to the degree of harnessing - according to the degree of harnessing Surface waters Surface waters Ground waters Ground waters Data source: Romania: National Institute of Statistics Romania Bulgaria: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria Ground waters in Romania, 13.75% Ground waters in Bulgaria, 9.55% Surface waters in Romania, 86.25% Surface waters in Bulgaria, 90.45% Figure 2.11 The share of surface waters and groundwaters in 2009 in Romania and Bulgaria in the total water resources provided (%) Both in Romania and in Bulgaria, the share of water resources provided is constitued by surface waters. In Romania, the share of total resources of groundwater is of 13.75%, in Bulgaria 9.55%. However, those 13.75% of groundwater in 2009 represented 5411 m 3 /year, while in Bulgaria, the total water resources provided was of 6120 m 3 /year , , , , , Romania Bulgaria Romania Bulgaria Romania Bulgaria Total water resources Surface waters Ground waters Figure 2.12 Water resources provided, according to the degree of harnessing (million m3/year) -25-

26 Surface water quality, by quality class (km) In Romania, the total length of the river basin has suffered slight variations during the period (- 0.6% and +0.3%). However, the distribution of surface waters by quality class suffered relatively important variations during the previous 3 years. In 2009 there have been 13.97% less kilometres of water of quality classes I and II compared to 2007 (9.23% in class I and 4.74% in class II). This increase has occurred by decreasing the number of km in quality classes III, IV, V by -37.7% in 2009 compared to 2007 (-16.37% for class III, % for class IV, -4.41% for class V). Table 2.16 Surface water quality, by quality class in Romania* (km) Romania I class II-nd class III-rd class IV-th class V-th class * The total length of the hydrographic basin on the rivers and their distribution by quality classes Source: National Institute of Statistics Romania In 2009, the percentage share of quality classes of hydrographic basins on rivers showed that almost half of these waters are of second quality (46.84%), while more than a quarter of them (25.75%) are of first quality. IV-th class 6.06% V-th class 3.46% III-rd class 17.90% I-st class 25.75% II-nd class 46.84% Figure 2.13 Surface water quality distribution in Romania, by quality class (%) -26-

27 Table 2.17 The quality of surface waters, in Bulgaria, by quality classes (total length of the hydrographic basins of the rivers and its distribution by quality class) (km) Bulgaria Vidin good average bad Montana good average bad Vratsa good average bad Pleven good average bad Veliko Tarnovo good average bad Ruse good average bad Razgrad good average bad Silistra good average bad Dobrich good average bad Data source: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria Vidin district is the only one in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region where the surface water quality is good (88.94% within the class of good quality). And in Montana, Pleven, Razgrad, more km of surface water of good quality are registered than those with average and bad quality (47.45%, 45.42% respectively 43.61%), but these values are less than a half of the number of km of surface water in those districts. A special situation is in Ruse and Dobrich districts where there is no water surface with good quality. The situation of the total Bulgarian area of the cross-border region is alike: -27-

28 good average bad good average bad good average bad good average bad good average bad good average bad good average bad good average bad good average bad Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between There are 1406 km of good quality waters (representing 38.20% of the total water surface in the area) There are 1458 km with average water quality (representing 39.61% of the total water surface in the area) There are 817 km are with poor quality water (representing 22.20% of the total water surface in the area) 90.00% 80.00% 88.94% 72.37% 70.00% 63.03% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 5.78% 5.28% 45.42% 43.63% 10.95% 13.36% 41.59% 45.04% 43.61% 33.40% 22.99% 24.28% 12.69% 0.00% 54.05% 45.95% 47.45% 18.98% 33.58% 27.63% 0.00% 2.42% 53.23% 44.35% Vidin Montana Vratsa Pleven Veliko Tarnovo Ruse Razgrad Silistra Dobrich Figure 2.14 Percentage distribution of quality classes of surface waters in Bulgaria, in 2009, in the districts in cross-border region between Romania-Bulgaria (%) Annual forest cuttings thou. ha In the Romanian area of the cross-border region, the evolution of the annual forests cuttings has registered slight oscillations during , from a decrease by -1.47% in Olt County in 2009 compared to 2008, to an increase in Giurgiu with +1.83% in 2009 compared to At the national level, the evolution is not very accentuated, in 2009 were registered with 7.74% thou. hectares more than in Instead, in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region, there is an apparent tendency of decrease in 2008 and 2009 of thousands of hectares of forest cutting. The most visible changes are observed by comparing the cuttings in 2009 with those in Thus, in Pleven and Vratsa there were registered fewer cuttings of %, respectively -53% in 2009 compared to And at the national level, it remains the same decrease tendency of forest cuttings, in 2008 by % fewer forests cuttings than in 2007, and in 2009 with % than in

29 Table 2.18 Annual forest cutting (thou. ha) Romania Bulgaria Constanţa Vidin Călăraşi Montana Giurgiu Vratsa Teleorman Pleven Dolj Veliko Tarnovo Mehedinţi Ruse Olt Razgrad Silistra Dobrich Data source: Romania: National Institute of Statistics Romania Bulgaria: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria Figure 2.15 Annual forest cuttings in the Bulgarian-Romanian cross-border region (thousand ha) -29-

30 2.3 Conclusions The cross-border area between Romania and Bulgaria is in the interval north latitude East longitude. The border between Romania and Bulgaria is located mostly along the Danube river (470 km), between the Bregovo (Bulgaria), Silistra (Bulgaria) and Călăraşi (Romania). From there, the border is on land until reaching the shores of the Black Sea between Șabla (Bulgaria) and Mangalia (Romania). The surface of the districts in this area is 29.38% of the area of Bulgaria, while in which concerns the counties, this percentage is smaller, the surface of the seven counties in the cross-border area occupying 14.49% of the national territory. these. The area is traversed by a series of major water courses, the Danube river is the most important of The main natural lakes in the region are Lake Sinoie (in Romania) and Lake Srebarna (in Bulgaria). Sinoie holds 66.83% of the total area of natural lakes in Constanţa and 18.46% of the total area of natural lakes in Romania. Lake Sinoie has the largest volume ( million m 3, i.e % of the total volume of the main natural lakes in Romania). Srebarna Lake has an area of 225 hectares and was declared a nature reserve and included in the UNESCO heritage. Portile de fier lake, in Mehedinţi County, with an area of hectares is the main anthropogenic lake in Romania, with a share of 68.32% of the total anthropogenic lakes in Romania. The cross-border region has important water resources in the context in which, at the level of the two countries, they recorded slight decreases in their volume. Forestry recorded a process of relative conservation at the level of the Romanian region, remaining constantly over the period , while in Bulgaria it decreased significantly. -30-

31 2.4 Glossary latitude (Lat.) is the angle between any point and the Equator. The lines with a constant latitude are called Parallels. They trace circles on the surface of the Earth, but the only parallel which is a great circle is the Equator (latitude = 0 degrees), with each geographical pole at 90 degrees (the North Pole 90 N; The South Pole 90 S). longitude (Long.) is the angle towards East or West of an arbitrary point on the Earth: the Greenwich Observatory (United Kingdom) is considered the international longitude point of 0 degrees. The anti-greenwich circle of longitude is both 180 W and 180 E. The constant longitude lines are called meridians. The meridian passing through Greenwich is the primary meridian. Unlike Parallels, meridians are halves of complete circles, and are not parallel: they intersect at the North Pole and at the South Pole. Combining these two angles, the horizontal position can be specified for any point on Earth. Land fund - is constitued of any kind of land, irrespective of the destination of the title on the basis of which are held or the domain (public, private, cooperative,etc.. ). Protected areas: rerpesent terrestrial areas, aquatic areas and/or ground, with established perimeter and having a special regime of protection and conservation, in which there are species of wild plants and animals, and biogeographic formations, with environmental, scientific or cultural value. Natural reserves of the biosphere - natural protected areas with the purpose of protection and conservation of the natural habitat areas and specific biological diversity. They include a complex of ecosystems aquatic and/or terrestrial, lakes and rivers, wetlands with unique natural fauna and flora landscapes, with harmonious landscapes or resulting from traditional arrangement of the territory, ecosystems changed under the influence of man and which can be restored to a natural state of human communities, whose existence is based on the exploitation of natural resources on the principle of sustainable and harmonious development. National parks - natural protected areas with the purpose of protection and conservation of representative samples for the national biogeographic spate, comprising natural elements with particular value in physical-geographic, hydrologic, floristic, geological, palaeontological, pedological, speological or other nature, offering the possibility of visiting for scientific, educational, recreational and touristic reasons. Natural parks - natural protected areas with the purpose of protection and conservation of landscape assemblies in which the interaction of human activities and nature over time has created a distinct area, with significant value and/or cultural landscape, often with a wide biological diversity. Water resources: are the hydrological potential composed of surface and underground waters in natural and landscaped regime, inventoried at the beginning of the year, which supply various uses. Evaluating the surface water quality consists in monitoring the biological parameters, hydromorphological, chemical priorital pollutants or other pollutants discharged in significant quantities. According to the regulations in Romania, there are 5 quality classes: I, II, III, IV and V, defined as follows (according to law. 310/2004, annex 11): o first quality class -very good condition- there are no (or very little) alterations of the values of the hydromorphological and physicochemical elements for the type of surface water bodies compared to those normally associated with that type under unchanged conditions; -31-

32 o second quality class -good quality- the values of the biological quality elements for the type of the surface water has low levels of change due to human activities, but deviates slightly compared to those with normal values associated with the surface water body under unchanged conditions; o third quality class - moderate state - the values of the biological quality elements for the type of surface waters deviate moderately from those which are normally associated with the surface waters under unchanged conditions. The values show signs of disturbance as a result of human activities and are essentialy disturbed in comparison to the values of the good condition state; o forth quality class - weak- submits evidence of major quality alterations to the values of the biological elements for the type of surface waters and the important biological communities deviate significantly from normal values associated with the surface waters under unchanged conditions; o fifth quality class -bad- submits evidence of major alterations to the values of the biological quality elements for the type of bodies of surface water, and in which large parts of important biological communities are absent, which are normally associated with the surface waters under unchanged conditions. -32-

33 3 CLIMATE CHANGE AND CLEAN ENERGY 3.1 Abstract In Romania there is a decreasing tendency of the emissions of greenhouse gases in Romania during In Bulgaria the same decreasing tendency is observed for the pollution during Energy is the sector of activity in Romania that produces most of the emissions of greenhouse gases, followed by agriculture and industrial processes. The decrease tendency of total emissions of greenhouse gases is maintained and if the energy, industrial processes and the use of solvents and other products sectors. The energy is in Bulgaria, as in the case of Romania, the most pollutant activity sector in 2009 with thousand tons of greenhouse gases emitted by the energy sector in Bulgaria, compared with thousand tonnes of gases in total. By activity sectors, there is relatively the same trend registered in Romania. In the counties of the Romanian area of the cross-border region Romania-Bulgaria, the average temperature at the soil surface was above the average in the country with about 2-3 degrees Celsius. 3.2 Main indicators of the field Emissions of greenhouse gases (thousand tons) In Romania, there is a tendency to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases during the period In 2008 the decrease is somewhat slow, with -2.58% of emissions of greenhouse gases (including LULUCF) than in 2007 and -1.79% emissions of greenhouse gases (excluding LULUCF) than in Instead, in 2009 compared to 2008, the decrease is relatively strong, with % emissions of greenhouse gases (including LULUCF) than in 2007 and % of emissions of greenhouse gases (excluding LULUCF) than in Table 3.1 Emissions of greenhouse gases in Romania(thousand tons) Romania Total emissions of greenhouse gases, including LULUCF (CO2 equivalent) Total emissions of greenhouse gases, without LULUCF (CO2 equivalent) Source: National Institute of Statistics Romania

34 , , , , , , Total emissions of greenhouse gases, including LULUCF Total emissions of greenhouse gases, without LULUCF Figure 3.1 The evolution of emissions of greenhouse gases in Romania during the period (thousand tons) Energy is the activity sector that produces most of the emissions of greenhouse gases, followed by agriculture and industrial processes. The decrease tendency in the emissions of greenhouse gases is maintained in the energy, industrial processes and the use of solvents and other products sectors. The most dramatic decrease in gas emissions is in the industrial processes, where in 2009 there were % less greenhouse gases emitted than in And the energy produced in 2009 was % less greenhouse gases than in On the other hand, pollution by waste recorded a slight growth in So in 2008 there were +4.02% more greenhouse gases emitted due to waste than in 2007, and in 2009 with +2.86% more than in Table 3.2 Emissions of greenhouse gases in Romania by activity sectors (thousand tons) Romania Total emissions of greenhouse gases, including LULUCF (CO2 equivalent) (by sectors of activity) Energy Industrial processes The use of sollutions and other products Waste Agriculture Source: National Institute of Statistics Romania -34-

35 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between Total emissions of greenhouse gases, including LULUCF Energy Industrial processes The use of sollutions and other products Waste Agriculture Figure 3.2 Emissions of greenhouse gases in Romania by activity sectors (thousand tons) In Bulgaria the same decrease tendency is observed in which concerns the pollution during the period If in 2008 there were -3.81% less greenhouse gases than in 2007, and in 2009 the decrease was more accentuated, reaching 13.81% less greenhouse gases emitted than in Table 3.3 Emissions of greenhouse gases in Bulgaria (thou. tons) Bulgaria Source: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria , , , Total emissions of greenhouse gases Figure 3.3 The evolution of emissions of greenhouse gases in Bulgaria (thou. tons) The energy is in Bulgaria, as in the case of Romania, the most pollutant activity sector in 2009 with thousand tons of greenhouse gases emitted by the energy sector in Bulgaria, compared with the total of thousand tonnes. By activity sectors, there is relatively the same tendencyregistered in Romania. Thus, pollution due to industrial processes and energy decreases continuously during the period Industrial processes produced in % less greenhouse gases than in 2008 and % than in

36 Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between Tabl 3.4 Emissions of greenhouse gases in Bulgaria by activity sectors (thousand tons) Bulgaria Energy Industrial prrcesses Solvents Agriculture LULUCF Waste Source: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria Total emissions of greenhouse gases Energy Industrial processes The use of sollutions and other products Waste Agriculture Figure 3.4 Emissions of greenhouse gases in Bulgaria by activity sectors (thousand tons) -36-

37 3.2.2 The average temperature at the soil surface (degrees Celsius) In the Romanian counties of the cross-border, at the soil surface the average temperature was above the average in the country with about 2-3 degrees celsius. Table 3.5 The average temperature at the soil surface in the Romanian counties in the cross-border Romanian-Bulgarian region (degrees celsius) Romania Mehedinţi Dolj Olt Teleorman Giurgiu No data Călăraşi No data Constanţa Data source: National Institute of Statistics România România Constanţa Mehedinţi Dolj Olt Teleorman Giurgiu Călăraşi Figure 3.5 The evolution of the average temperature at the soil surface during the period in Romania -37-

38 3.3 Conclusions Emissions of greenhouse gases lead to global warming. The phenomenon of global warming means creating a barrier composed of emitted gases (such as carbon dioxide) which captures the solar radiation within the atmosphere, heating the Earth's surface and changing the climate. In regard to the phenomenon of global warming not to reach dangerous limits, these emissions should be reduced. The European Union has undertaken to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by at least 20% by 2020 (compared to 1990 levels) and even by 30% if it reaches a satisfactory international agreement for this purpose. Both countries, Romania and Bulgaria, through the policies applied in the environmental field, have managed, during the period , to decrease the level of emissions of greenhouse gases. It seems that this process has consequences, at least at the level of the Romanian border region, the average temperature at the soil surface decreasing at the level of each County by 0.2 and 0.8 degrees Celsius. Both in Romania and in Bulgaria, energy is the activity sector that produces most of the emissions of greenhouse gases, followed by agriculture and industrial processes. -38-

39 3.4 Glossary LULUCF Acronym for Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry. It refers to human activities that change the use of land or affects the amount of carbon or biomass in forests or existing reserves in the ground. This sector emits the greenhouse gas (that is, represents a source) and removes them from the atmosphere through carbon sequestration in absorbtion basins of carbon. Forest practices and land use represents a considerable potential to compensate the emissions of greenhouse gases. Planting trees, preserving the forest and modifying the cultivation practices for increasing the amount of carbon in the soil, for example, makes it possible to increase the size of the carbon absorption. -39-

40 4 AGRICULTURE 4.1 Abstract In the Romanian area of the cross-border region, Mehedinţi County was the only County in 2009 with a structure of the agricultural land fund relatively similar to the national ine. In the rest of the border counties, the arable land held over 83% of the County structure lands (Dolj county had 83.56% arable land in 2009), reaching up to over 97% in Calarasi County (97.32%). In 2008, both in Romania and in Bulgaria, the fish production has increased compared to In Bulgaria, in 2009, the increase trend accentuated, registring a production with 53.36% higher than in In Romania, by contrast, in 2009, the fish production decreased, with -6.45%, reaching a value similar to that in The livestock in Bulgaria decreased constantly during for the four types of animals. The greatest decrease was recorded by the goats, which, in 2009, were % less than in In Romania, the cattle and swine decreased constantly during , while sheep and swine increased during the analysed period. In 2009, in all the counties in the cross-border region, the average barley and two-row barlew per hectare was higher than the national average. It must be noted here Dolj county, where there were recorded 857 kg/ha more barley and two-row barlew than the country average. In Dolj county, there were recorded in 2009 average values per hectare for all five cultures of the table, higher than average per country. Similar situations are encountered in Olt and Giurgiu counties, with values higher than the country average of all cultures. In 2009, in the three areas from the Bulgarian border region, the average barley and wheat production per hectare was higher than the national average. Also in 2009, in the North-East region 2929 kg/ha more nutriments were harvested than the average in the country, and in the Northwest region, 799 kg/ha more maize than average quantity per hectare in the country has been harvested in Bulgaria in In Romania, the total fruit production per hectare increased constantly during the period (in 2009 there were 21.85% more tonnes of fruit per hectare than in 2007). The same increasing tendency for the three years was maintained in the case of apricots, cherries, morello and plums. If in 2008, the production of apples, pears, peaches and nectarines decreased compared to 2007, in 2009 it increased compared to the previous year. In Bulgaria there is a special situation, the total production in 2008 and the fruit production, with the exception of apricot production, was smaller than in In 2009, the situation is completely -40-

41 reversed. Apricots are the only fruits whose production decreases in 2009 compared with 2007, while the rest of the total fruit production register relatively important increases (reaching up to 56.06% in the case of pears). The Romanian area of the cross-border region between Romania and Bulgaria, produced, in 2009, 24.41% of the total national production of grapes obtained from vineyards, 17.17% of the grafted productive vineyards 34.98% of the hybrid productive vineyards. We observe Constanta county, which, in 2009 held 57.41% of the production obtained from grafted productive vineyards in the total Romanian area of the cross-border region. In 2009, Dolj county held 25.51% of the production obtained from grafted productive vineyards and 27.88% of the production obtained from hybrid productive vineyards (by reference to the total production of the Romanian border region). In the Bulgarian area in the cross-border region over 93% of grape production in 2009 was for wine. And at national level, the total production of wine grapes per hectare in 2009 accounted for 93.64% of the total production of grapes in Bulgaria. In 2009, the Romanian counties of the cross-border region produced 17.10% of the total Romanian production of meat, 14.20% of the milk, 14.88% of the wool, 19.40% of the eggs and 16.08% of extracted honey. In 2009, Calarasi County had the highest share in the region in terms of the amount of meat produced (Calarasi produced 35.32% of the meat produced in the Romanian area of the cross-border region). Also in 2009, Constanţa County has contributed with 30.34% to the total quantity of wool produced in the Romanian border area. In 2009, the 7 counties in the cross-border region between Bulgaria-Romania contributed with 32.17% to the total production of watermelons and melons of Romania and 21.78% to the total production of tomatoes. Mehedinţi County brought in 2009, 32.62% of the total production of potatoes in the cross-border area while Olt County has contributed with 32.20% to the production of tomatoes in the Romanian border area. The largest part of the production of white cabbage and melons from the Romanian border region in 2009 originated from Dolj county (53.03%, respectively 34.19%). In Bulgaria, the cultivated area has increased during the period The district with the largest area cultivated with the main crops is Dobrich (316,276 ha in 2009), followed by Pleven (269,514 ha in 2009). The area of Vidin district is the smallest area cultivated (57,769 hectares in 2009). The cross-border area counties with the largest area of reafforestation in 2009 were the Teleorman, Dolj and Călăraşi, while in 2007 these countries were Constanta, Dolj and Calarasi. In which regards Constanţa County we observe a massive loss of reafforestation surface from 2007 to We also remark Dolj county, where the reafforestation area was in the 2008 about 7 times higher than in In 2009, compared to 2008, this area has decreased significantly (from 1657 to 382 ha ), but still remains at a sufficient value to place Dolj on the first place. -41-

42 In Romania, the volume of harvested wood was higher in Dolj and Mehedinţi counties. The counties from which the smallest amount of wood was harvested was Teleorman and Constanţa. As regards the types of wood harvested, in first place at the national level in Romania is situated the resinous wood, followed by beech wood. The harvested wood volume significantly lower are oak and other hard and soft species. Note, however, that in the counties of the cross-border area Romania-Bulgaria this ranking is not respected, the preponderant harvested wood being mostly from oak and other hard and soft species. 4.2 Main indicators of the field Agricultural land fund (ha) At national level, in Romania, the structure of the agricultural land fund in 2009, is as follows: Tillable: 64.16% Grass lands: 22.57% Meadows: 10.41% Vineyards and vineyard farms: 1.47% Orchards and nurseries: 1.40% During the period , a series of small changes in the structure of the agricultural fund were registered. Both at national level and at the level of the Romanian counties of the cross-border region, there is a decrease tendency of the agricultural land fund. There are just few small exceptions which deviate from that tendency. For example, the area of vineyards and vineyard farms, in 2009, increased, compared to 2007, in Mehedinţi County with 5.00% and 1.64% in Dolj county. In the Romanian area of the cross-border region, Mehedinţi County was the only County in 2009 with a agricultural land fund structure relatively similar to the national structure. The rest of the border counties held over 83% of the tillable land of the County (Dolj county had 83.56% tillable land in 2009), reaching up to over 97% in Calarasi County (97.32%). In 2009, the Romanian counties of the Romanian-Bulgarian cross-border region, held % of the agricultural land of Romania, % of the total tillable land in the country and % of the area occupied by vineyards and vineyard farms. Table 4.1 The available agricultural land fund in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region (ha) Romania 14,709,299 14,702,279 14,684,963 Tillable 9,423,255 9,415,135 9,422,529 Grass lands 3,329,984 3,333,028 3,313,785 Meadows 1,531,491 1,532,342 1,528,046 Vineyards and vineyard farms 217, , ,382 Orchards and nurseries 206, , ,

43 Constanţa 564, , ,139 Tillable 485, , ,036 Grass lands 61,779 61,779 58,693 Meadows Vineyards and vineyard farms 12,753 12,753 12,616 Orchards and nurseries 4,069 4,069 3,794 Călăraşi 426, , ,085 Tillable 414, , ,665 Grass lands 5,954 6,130 6,130 Meadows Vineyards and vineyard farms 5,118 4,965 5,112 Orchards and nurseries Giurgiu 277, , ,441 Tillable 259, , ,082 Grass lands 12,775 12,631 12,589 Meadows Vineyards and vineyard farms 4,152 4,119 4,124 Orchards and nurseries Teleorman 499, , ,173 Tillable 454, , ,965 Grass lands 35,476 35,773 35,960 Meadows 1, Vineyards and vineyard farms 7,537 7,427 7,453 Orchards and nurseries Dolj 585, , ,067 Tillable 488, , ,886 Grass lands 69,275 68,506 68,666 Meadows 2,952 2,952 3,009 Vineyards and vineyard farms 16,841 17,334 17,117 Orchards and nurseries 7,289 7,857 7,389 Mehedinţi 293, , ,992 Tillable 188, , ,141 Grass lands 80,772 80,772 80,773 Meadows 10,637 10,637 10,637 Vineyards and vineyard farms 6,198 6,198 6,508 Orchards and nurseries 7,926 7,926 7,933 Olt 434, , ,808 Tillable 388, , ,445 Grass lands 31,784 31,784 31,784 Meadows Vineyards and vineyard farms 7,634 7,634 7,634 Orchards and nurseries 6,416 6,416 6,416 Data source: National Institute of Statistics Romania -43-

44 Olt Mehedinţi Dolj Teleorman Giurgiu Călăraşi Constanţa România 1.48% 1.76% 0.12% 7.31% 2.70% 2.21% 3.62% 1.26% 2.93% 0.51% 11.74% 0.02% 1.49% 0.14% 7.20% 0.20% 1.49% 0.03% 4.55% 0.04% 1.20% 0.00% 1.44% 0.68% 2.25% 0.00% 1.40% 1.47% 10.48% 10.41% 22.57% 27.47% 64.00% 64.16% 89.34% 83.56% 91.14% 93.72% 97.32% 86.59% 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% % Orchards and nurseries Vineyards and vineyard farms Meadows Grass lands Tillable Figure 4.1 Distribution of agricultural land fund in 2009 in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region (%) In , in Bulgaria, the development of the national structure of tillable land and permanent grasslands was maintained in the districts of the Bulgarian part of the Bulgaria-Romania border region. Thus, compared to 2007, tillable land in 2009 showed an increasing trend, both nationally and in most of the 9 districts targeted by the project (except districts Veliko Turnovo and Ruse, where the area occupied by arable land decreased by about -1% in that period). Also, the surface occupied by permanent grassland in the same period recorded a downward trend, both at national and district level, except for the districts Razgrad, Silistra and Dobrich. In these districts, areas occupied by permanent pasture rose, with percentages ranging from +2.47% (Dobrich) to +9.51% (Razgrad). In 2009, the arable land area occupied by the Bulgarian districts of Romania-Bulgaria border region represented 51.77% of the arable land of Bulgaria, with the area occupied by permanent grassland representing 20.10% of permanent grasslands nationwide. -44-

45 Tabel 4.2 The available agricultural land fund in the Bulgarian districts of the cross-border region (ha) Bulgaria Tillable 3,057,740 3,060,543 3,122,516 Permanent Grass lands 1,842,141 1,828,865 1,719,028 Vidin Tillable 54,889 61,675 71,915 Permanent Grass lands 47,105 47,304 17,707 Montana Tillable 118, , ,648 Permanent Grass lands 69,851 70,928 65,320 Vratsa Tillable 168, , ,710 Permanent Grass lands 69,960 70,268 64,781 Pleven Tillable 278, , ,185 Permanent Grass lands 47,996 44,990 45,335 Veliko Tarnovo Tillable 161, , ,143 Permanent Grass lands 77,492 73,794 66,406 Ruse Tillable 170, , ,063 Permanent Grass lands 16,655 16,153 13,910 Razgrad Tillable 139, , ,979 Permanent Grass lands 17,587 17,486 17,677 Silistra Tillable 143, , ,091 Permanent Grass lands 16,262 16,262 17,094 Dobrich Tillable 324, , ,903 Permanent Grass lands 36,369 36,062 37,269 Data source: Ministery of Agriculture and Rural Development -45-

46 tons tone Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between Fish production (tons) In 2008, both in Romania and in Bulgaria, the fish production has increased compared to 2007 (with 7.57% in Romania and 16.43% in Bulgaria). In Bulgaria, in 2009 the increase tendency has been accentuated, with a production with 53.36% higher than in 2008 (and 78.56% higher than in 2007). In Romania, by contrast, in 2009, the fish production decreased, with -6.45%, reaching a value similar to that of Table 4.3 Fish production* (tons) Romania Bulgaria * Commercial fishing in inland waters and sea waters, aquaculture: popular material Data source: Romania - National Institute of Statistics Romania Bulgaria - National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria ,106 16,250 15, , ,431 5,159 0 România Bulgaria Figure 4.2 The evolution of fish production in Romania and Bulgaria in (tons) Agricultural branch production In 2008, the agricultural branch production at the level of the 7 counties in the Romanian border region, increased by over 80% compared to 2007, reaching up to % in Giurgiu County. The crop production has increased in these counties in 2008 compared with 2007, the degree of growth ranging from % in Constanta county to % in Calarasi County. Calarasi and Constanţa counties were the only counties in which the livestock production decreased in 2008 compared with 2007 (-6.22%, -0.78%), while in the rest of the counties there were registered increase tendencies, reaching up to 22.93% in Dolj county. In 2009, the agricultural sector has decreased in all 7 counties, ranging between -2.05% (Mehedinţi) to % (Constanţa). -46-

47 Table 4.4 The agricultural branch production in the Romanian counties of the Romania-Bulgaria crossborder region (thou. lei) Romania 47,699,916 66,993,906 59,928,386 Vegetal 28,723,475 45,742,175 35,735,477 Livestock 18,291,624 20,535,700 23,441,606 Agricultural services 684, , ,303 Constanţa 1,297,202 2,380,535 1,655,740 Vegetal 791,051 1,890,262 1,096,578 Livestock 451, , ,412 Agricultural services 54,927 42,577 52,750 Călăraşi 874,133 1,841,234 1,476,839 Vegetal 340,296 1,336, ,874 Livestock 497, , ,029 Agricultural services 36,012 37,541 52,936 Giurgiu 615,451 1,263,699 1,111,769 Vegetal 267, , ,090 Livestock 342, , ,664 Agricultural services 5,906 54,575 47,015 Teleorman 921,339 1,728,981 1,506,342 Vegetal 448,324 1,186, ,430 Livestock 461, , ,125 Agricultural services 11,846 9,738 9,787 Dolj 1,235,935 2,425,354 1,887,464 Vegetal 734,535 1,813,634 1,235,188 Livestock 431, , ,078 Agricultural services 70,333 81,794 59,198 Mehedinţi 561,728 1,059,903 1,038,137 Vegetal 288, , ,481 Livestock 270, , ,672 Agricultural services 3, Olt 1,072,806 1,931,732 1,779,899 Vegetal 549,267 1,322,404 1,174,546 Livestock 515, , ,920 Agricultural services 7,675 8,426 11,433 Data source: National Institute of Statistics Romania In 2009, the share of the three agricultural branches (vegetal, livestock and agricultural services) at the national level was found, with small differences, in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region. -47-

48 Vegetal Livestock Agricultural services Vegetal Livestock Agricultural services Vegetal Livestock Agricultural services Vegetal Livestock Agricultural services Vegetal Livestock Agricultural services Vegetal Livestock Agricultural services Vegetal Livestock Agricultural services Vegetal Livestock Agricultural services 1.25% 3.19% 3.58% 4.23% 0.65% 3.14% 0.09% 0.64% 30.59% 39.12% 36.13% 36.39% 31.42% 35.71% 33.37% 44.42% 51.99% 59.63% 66.23% 59.64% 62.96% 65.44% 64.20% 65.99% Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% România Constanţa Călăraşi Giurgiu Teleorman Dolj Mehedinţi Olt Figure 4.3 Distribution of agricultural branch production in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region in 2009 (%) In 2008, the agricultural production of the three branches in Bulgaria increased, compared to 2007, the highest increase was in vegetal production (58.34%). In 2009, the situation was reversed, this type production decreased for the 3 branches compared to Table 4.5 Agricultural branch production in Bulgaria (million leva in current prices) Bulgaria Vegetal Livestock Agricultural services Source: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria Livestock (number at end of year) The livestock in Bulgaria decreased constantly during for the four types of animals. The greatest decrease was recorded by the goats, which, in 2009, were % less than in In Romania, the cattle and swine decreased constantly during , while sheep and swine increased during the analysed period. -48-

49 865, , , , , , , , , , , ,822 1,526,392 1,474,845 1,400,252 2,818,983 2,683,611 2,512,296 6,564,907 6,173,682 5,793,415 8,469,195 8,881,582 9,141,482 Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between Table 4.6 Livestock (number at end of year) Romania 3 Bulgaria Cattle 2,818,983 2,683,611 2,512,296 Bovine 602, , ,555 Swine 6,564,907 6,173,682 5,793,415 Porcine 888, , ,798 Sheep 8,469,195 8,881,582 9,141,482 Ovine 1,526,392 1,474,845 1,400,252 Goats 865, , ,304 Caprine 495, , ,822 Data source: Romania National Institute of Statistics, Romania Bulgaria - National Institute of Statistics, Bulgaria 10,000,000 9,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 Cattle Swine Sheep Goats Cattle Swine Sheep Goats România Bulgaria Figure 4.4 Livestock at the end of the year, in Romania, during (number) Tractors and agricultural machinery parks (number) In 2009, the tractors and agricultural machinery and plows for tractors park was relatively balanced, divided into the seven Romanian counties of the cross-border region. Notable differences are at spraying and dusting machines with mechanical traction, Constanta County held in 2008, 38.47% of these machines, and at self-propelled croppers for harvesting fodder (34.56% of them in Constanţa and 30.15% in Călăraşi County). Table 4.7 Tractors and agricultural machinery park in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region (number) Romania Agricultural tractors Plows for tractors Mechanical cultivators Mechanical seeders Spraying and dusting machines with mechanical traction Croppers for harvesting cereals Croppers for harvesting feeders Vindrovers for harvesting feeders Presses for packing straws and hay Constanţa 3 In the file associated with the indicator for Romania, data tables for other animals are presented -49-

50 Agricultural tractors Plows for tractors Mechanical cultivators Mechanical seeders Spraying and dusting machines with mechanical traction Croppers for harvesting cereals Croppers for harvesting feeders Vindrovers for harvesting feeders Presses for packing straws and hay Călăraşi Agricultural tractors Plows for tractors Mechanical cultivators Mechanical seeders Spraying and dusting machines with mechanical traction Croppers for harvesting cereals Croppers for harvesting feeders Vindrovers for harvesting feeders Presses for packing straws and hay Giurgiu Agricultural tractors Plows for tractors Mechanical cultivators Mechanical seeders Spraying and dusting machines with mechanical traction Croppers for harvesting cereals Croppers for harvesting feeders Vindrovers for harvesting feeders Presses for packing straws and hay Teleorman Agricultural tractors Plows for tractors Mechanical cultivators Mechanical seeders Spraying and dusting machines with mechanical traction Croppers for harvesting cereals Croppers for harvesting feeders Vindrovers for harvesting feeders Presses for packing straws and hay Dolj Agricultural tractors Plows for tractors Mechanical cultivators Mechanical seeders Spraying and dusting machines with mechanical traction Croppers for harvesting cereals Croppers for harvesting feeders Vindrovers for harvesting feeders Presses for packing straws and hay

51 Mehedinţi Agricultural tractors Plows for tractors Mechanical cultivators Mechanical seeders Spraying and dusting machines with mechanical traction Croppers for harvesting cereals Croppers for harvesting feeders Vindrovers for harvesting feeders Presses for packing straws and hay Olt Agricultural tractors Plows for tractors Mechanical cultivators Mechanical seeders Spraying and dusting machines with mechanical traction Croppers for harvesting cereals Croppers for harvesting feeders Vindrovers for harvesting feeders Presses for packing straws and hay Source: National Institute of Statistics Romania Table 4.8 Distribution of agricultural machinery park in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region in 2009 (%) Constanţa Călăraşi Giurgiu Teleorman Dolj Mehedinţi Olt Total Agricultural tractors 12.75% 11.89% 11.54% 19.17% 19.21% 9.07% 16.36% % Plows for tractors 12.50% 11.69% 11.10% 19.57% 19.61% 8.73% 16.81% % Mechanical cultivators 13.15% 13.77% 12.37% 20.73% 20.47% 6.35% 13.17% % Mechanical seeders 11.63% 13.31% 9.94% 18.98% 20.86% 8.58% 16.70% % Spraying and dusting machines with mechanical traction Croppers for harvesting cereals Croppers for harvesting feeders Vindrovers for harvesting feeders Presses for packing straws and hay 38.47% 15.75% 2.32% 6.63% 26.53% 4.31% 5.97% % 12.31% 12.68% 7.95% 19.37% 23.12% 7.22% 17.34% % 34.56% 30.15% 8.09% 6.62% 19.12% 0.00% 1.47% % 23.65% 20.23% 15.38% 11.68% 17.66% 0.00% 11.40% % 25.26% 19.02% 16.49% 10.81% 16.00% 0.84% 11.58% % In Bulgaria, in 2009, there were contact and parking equipments, (8.40% more than in 2008) and compactor tractors (7.88% more than in 2008). Table 4.9 Tractors and agricultural machinery parks in Bulgaria (number) Bulgaria Compactor tractors Building gauge tractor

52 Trailer tractors Stationary, storage and connection equipment Cereal cropper Silage croppers and other self-propelled equipment Source: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria Average production per hectar of the main crop (kg/ha) In 2009, in all the counties in the cross-border region, the average barley and two-row barlew per hectare was higher than the national average. It must be noted here Dolj county, where there were recorded 857 kg/ha more barley and two-row barlew than the country average. In Dolj county, there were recorded in 2009 average values per hectare for all five cultures of the table, higher than average per country. Similar situations are encountered in Olt and Giurgiu counties, with values higher than the country average of all cultures (e. g. In Olt County, there were harvested 359 kg/ha more maize than the national average and in Giurgiu County, 431 kg/ha beans more than the national average). Nationally, the the average production per hectare for all cultures from the table increased during the period In 2009, compared to 2008, only the production of corn and beans had the same increase tendency, the other crops registered decrease tendencies (in the case of sunflower crops, the decrease in insignificant, of just -0.28%, but in the case of wheat and barley, the percentages are higher, of % and %). Table 4.10 Average production per hectare in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region to a number of crops (kg/ha) 4 Romania Wheat Barley and two-row barley Corn Beans Sunflower Constanţa Wheat Barley and two-row barley Corn Beans Sunflower Călăraşi Wheat Barley and two-row barley Corn Beans In the file associated with the Romanian indicator 22306, there are presented a series of other cultures. -52-

53 Sunflower Giurgiu Wheat Barley and two-row barley Corn Beans Sunflower Teleorman Wheat Barley and two-row barley Corn Beans Sunflower Dolj Wheat Barley and two-row barley Corn Beans Sunflower Mehedinţi Wheat Barley and two-row barley Corn Beans Sunflower Olt Wheat Barley and two-row barley Corn Beans Sunflower Data source: National Institute od Statistics, Romania -53-

54 Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between Wheat Barley and two-row barley Corn Beans Sunflower Constanţa Călăraşi Giurgiu Teleorman Dolj Mehedinţi Olt România Figure 4.5 Average production per hectare in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region to a number of crops in 2009 (kg/ha) In 2009, in the three areas from the Bulgarian border region, the average barley and wheat production per hectare was higher than the national average. Also in 2009, in the North-East region 2929 kg/ha more nutriments were harvested than the average in the country, and in the Northwest region, 799 kg/ha more maize than average quantity per hectare in the country has been harvested in Bulgaria in In which regards the wheat and barley crops in Bulgaria, the evolution during the period was similar to that of Romania (an increase followed by a decrease). The average corn and sunflower production per hectare increased from 2007 to 2009 (total increases % and %). Table 4.11 Average production per hectare in the Bulgarian regions of the cross-border area Romania Bulgaria, main crops (kg/ha) Bulgaria Wheat Barley Maize Beans Sunflower Silage Corn and Green fodder Lucerne North West Region Wheat Barley Maize Beans Sunflower Silage Corn and Green fodder Lucerne

55 Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between North Central Region Wheat Barley Maize Beans Sunflower Silage Corn and Green fodder Lucerne North East Region Wheat Barley Maize Beans Sunflower Silage Corn and Green fodder Lucerne Data source: National Institute of Statistics, Bulgaria Wheat Barley Maize Beans Sunflower Silage Corn and Green fodder North-West Region North-Central Region North-East Region Average national production Lucerne Figure 4.6 Average production per hectare in the Bulgarian regions of the cross-border area, main crops, in 2009 (kg/ha) Total fruit production (tons) In Romania, the total fruit production per hectare increased constantly during the period (in 2009 there were 21.85% more tonnes of fruit per hectare than in 2007). The same increasing tendency for the three years was maintained in the case of apricots, cherries, morello and plums. If in 2008, the production of apples, pears, peaches and nectarines decreased compared to 2007, in 2009 it increased compared to the previous year. In Bulgaria there is a special situation, the total production in 2008 and the fruit production, with the exception of apricot production, was smaller than in In 2009, the situation is completely reversed. -55-

56 Apricots are the only fruits whose production decreases in 2009 compared with 2007, while the rest of the total fruit production register relatively important increases (reaching up to 56.06% in the case of pears). Table 4.12 Total fruit production (tons) 5 Romania 1) 1,085,756 1,179,222 1,322,977 Bulgaria 2) 104,559 90, ,173 Apricots 27,566 32,125 32,499 Apricots 8,310 12,957 7,568 Cherries Cherries and 65,163 67,664 67,874 and morellos morellos 18,427 16,067 17,456 Apples 475, , ,491 Apples 26,165 23,517 35,456 Pears 62,852 52,576 66,111 Pears ,442 Peaches and nectarines 16,980 16,432 17,132 Peaches and nectarines 18,788 14,908 17,187 Plums 372, , ,691 Plums 23,020 14,298 17,246 1) Including the production of fruits from private gardens 2) Including morello cherries, nuts, almonds and others, excluding vine. Data source: Romania - National Institute of Statistics Romania Bulgaria - National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria Average fruit production per hectare (tons/ha) The average production of fruit per hectare increased constantly during the period , both in Romania and in Bulgaria. In Romania the increase was even more accentuated than in the case of Bulgaria, 15.38% more tons of fruit/hectare in 2009, than in In Bulgaria, in 2009, the increase was only 1.36%. However, Bulgaria has exploited better the cultivated land than in Romania, in 2009 the average quantity of fruit per hectare harvested in Bulgaria is almost twice higher than in Romania. Table 4.13 Average fruit production per hectare (tons/ha) Romania Bulgaria Data source: Romania - National Institute of Statistics Romania Bulgaria - National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria Excepting Constanta County, in the other Romanian counties in the area of the cross-border region, the average production of fruit per hectare increased constantly during the period In Constanţa, the average production decreased compared to 2007, while in 2009 has increased, but remained below the level of In the Romanian counties of the cross-border region, in 2009, the highest average fruit production per hectare was registered in Dolj (18 tons/ha). Giurgiu, Olt, Teleorman and Dolj counties registered average values of production per hectare higher or equal to the national average. 5 In the file associated with the Romanian indicator 22307, are presented total productions and other fruit productions -56-

57 tone/ha Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between Table 4.14 Fruit production per hectare, in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region Romania- Bulgaria (tons/ha) Constanţa Călăraşi Giurgiu Teleorman Dolj Mehedinţi Olt Data source: National Institute of Statistics Romania Constanţa Călăraşi Giurgiu Teleorman Dolj Mehedinţi Olt Figure 4.7 Fruit production per hectare, in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region Romania- Bulgaria (tons/ha) In Bulgaria, in 2009, the Bulgarian regions recorded values of average fruit production per hectare smaller than the average per country. A value close to this average production at national level can be found in the North-East Region, with tons/ha (average production being tonnes/ha). Table 4.15 Fruit production per hectare, in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region Romania- Bulgaria (tons/ha) North West Region North Central Region North East Region Source: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria -57-

58 Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between North-West Region North-Central Region North-East Region Figure 4.8 Fruit production per hectare, in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region Romania- Bulgaria (tons/ha) Total grapes production (tons) The Romanian area of the cross-border region between Romania and Bulgaria, produced, in 2009, 24.41% of the total national production of grapes obtained from vineyards, 17.17% of the grafted productive vineyards 34.98% of the hybrid productive vineyards. We observe Constanta county, which, in 2009 held 57.41% of the production obtained from grafted productive vineyards in the total Romanian area of the cross-border region. In 2009, Dolj county held 25.51% of the production obtained from grafted productive vineyards and 27.88% of the production obtained from hybrid productive vineyards (by reference to the total production of the Romanian border region). The total grapes production in Romania increased during by 15.67%, followed by a slight decrease from 2008 to 2009 (-1.96%). This type of evolution was maintained for both types of vineyards (grafted fertile and hybrid fertile). Dolj county is has a continuous increase over the period. Table 4.16 Total production of grapes in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region-(tons) Romania Fertile vineyard 1) 873,224 1,010, ,232 Grafted fertile vineyard 511, , ,501 Hybrid fertile vineyard 361, , ,731 Constanţa Fertile vineyard 67,977 80,941 62,133 Grafted fertile vineyard 63,939 76,456 57,894 Hybrid fertile vineyard 4,038 4,485 4,

59 Călăraşi Fertile vineyard 15,693 14,662 14,739 Grafted fertile vineyard Hybrid fertile vineyard 14,842 14,078 14,212 Giurgiu Fertile vineyard 19,612 18,550 17,028 Grafted fertile vineyard 430 2,260 2,063 Hybrid fertile vineyard 19,182 16,290 14,965 Teleorman Fertile vineyard 9,974 45,939 30,110 Grafted fertile vineyard , Hybrid fertile vineyard 9,703 31,662 29,651 Dolj Fertile vineyard 46,180 57,585 65,009 Grafted fertile vineyard 12,680 18,700 25,727 Hybrid fertile vineyard 33,500 38,885 39,282 Mehedinţi Fertile vineyard 19,050 12,758 21,569 Grafted fertile vineyard 5,200 2,464 5,350 Hybrid fertile vineyard 13,850 10,294 16,219 Olt Fertile vineyard 35,713 30,028 31,144 Grafted fertile vineyard 7,884 7,934 8,828 Hybrid fertile vineyard 27,829 22,094 22,316 1) Including the production of grapes from private gardens.. Data source: National Institute of Statistics Romania -59-

60 0.52% 2.05% 0.46% 3.01% 6.10% 7.04% 5.31% 8.92% 8.75% 12.46% 12.88% 10.09% 10.62% 11.51% 15.84% 21.05% 25.70% 26.89% 25.51% 27.88% 57.41% Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Fertile vineyard Grafted fertile vineyard Hybrid fertile vineyard Constanţa Călăraşi Giurgiu Teleorman Dolj Mehedinţi Olt Figure 4.9 Distribution of total grapes production in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region in 2009 (%) In the Bulgarian area in the cross-border region over 93% of grape production in 2009 was for wine. And at national level, the total production of wine grapes per hectare in 2009 accounted for 93.64% of the total production of grapes in Bulgaria. The evolution of the total production of grapes in Bulgaria has increased between 2007 and 2008 (+ 2.27%) and decreased between 2008 and 2009 (-25%). In the North-Central and Northeast regions, there was an increase tendency throughout the period. Table 4.17 Total production of grapes in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region Romania Bulgaria (tons) Bulgaria Wine grapes Table grapes North West Region Wine grapes Table grapes North Central Region Wine grapes Table grapes North East Region Wine grapes Table grapes Data source: National Institute of Statistics, Bulgaria -60-

61 Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between North-West Region North-Central Region North-East Region Total production of grapes Wine grapes Table grapes Figure 4.10 Total production of grapes in 2009 in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region Romania- Bulgaria (tons) Average grape production per hectare (kg/ha) In 2009, Constanţa County was the only one who had average grape production per hectare for fertile vineyards higher than the national average (1144 kg/ha). The average production per hectare for grafted fertile vineyards was higher than the national average in 2009, in Giurgiu County (1350 kg/ha higher than the average) and Constanta County (750 kg/ha), and in the case of hybrid fertile vineyards, only Dolj county had 622 kg/ha more than the national average. The production of grapes per hectare in Romania, increased for the entire reference period (overall growth from 2007 to 2009 is of 15.36%), with the same tendency for these two categories, grafted fertile vineyards ( % from 2007 to 2009) and hybrid fertile vineyards ( % from 2007 to 2009). Table 4.18 The production of grapes per hectare, in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region, Romania-Bulgaria (kg/ha) Romania Fertile vineyard Grafted fertile vineyard Hybrid fertile vineyard Constanţa Fertile vineyard Grafted fertile vineyard Hybrid fertile vineyard Călăraşi Fertile vineyard Grafted fertile

62 vineyard Hybrid fertile vineyard Giurgiu Fertile vineyard Grafted fertile vineyard Hybrid fertile vineyard Teleorman Fertile vineyard Grafted fertile vineyard Hybrid fertile vineyard Dolj Fertile vineyard Grafted fertile vineyard Hybrid fertile vineyard Mehedinţi Fertile vineyard Grafted fertile vineyard Hybrid fertile vineyard Olt Fertile vineyard Grafted fertile vineyard Hybrid fertile vineyard Data source: National Institute of Statistics Romania The Bulgarian cross-border regions, North-Centran and North-East regions, registered, during the period , constant growth of average production of grapes per hectare, the Nord-Central region, in 2009 had a production of grapes per hectare higher than the national average. Table 4.19 The production of grapes per hectare, in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region, Romania-Bulgaria (kg/ha) Bulgaria North-West Region North-Central Region North East Region Data source: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria -62-

63 Average national production North-West Region North-Central Region North-East Region Figure 4.11 The evolution of the average production of grapes per hectare in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region Romania Bulgaria (kg/ha.) Livestock production In which regards the Romanian area of the cross-border region, the total production of milk and wool during the period , continues to decrease. Although the total production of meat has decreased in 2008 by % compared to 2007, in 2009 it increased by +6.31%. The opposite situation is encountered in the total production of eggs and honey extracted, which in 2008 increased compared to 2007, and in 2009 decreased compared with Comparing 2009 with 2007, the quantity of honey extracted in 2009 was above the level of the honey extracted in 2007 (with 6.34%). In 2009, the Romanian counties of the cross-border region produced 17.10% of the total Romanian production of meat, 14.20% of the milk, 14.88% of the wool, 19.40% of the eggs and 16.08% of extracted honey. In 2009, Calarasi County had the highest share in the region in terms of the amount of meat produced (Calarasi produced 35.32% of the meat produced in the Romanian area of the cross-border region). Also in 2009, Constanţa County has contributed with 30.34% to the total quantity of wool produced in the Romanian border area. Table 4.20 Agricultural production in the Romanian counties of Romania-Bulgaria cross-border region Romania 6 Meat - total (tons) Milk - total (thou. hl) Wool - total (tons) Eggs - total (mil. eggs) In the file corresponding to the indicator are presented more details regarding the agricultural production in Romania -63-

64 Honey (tons) Constanţa Meat - total (tons) Milk - total (thou. hl) Wool - total (tons) Eggs - total (mil. eggs) Honey (tons) Călăraşi Meat - total (tons) Milk - total (thou. hl) Wool - total (tons) Eggs - total (mil. eggs) Honey (tons) Giurgiu Meat - total (tons) Milk - total (thou. hl) Wool - total (tons) Eggs - total (mil. eggs) Honey (tons) Teleorman Meat - total (tons) Milk - total (thou. hl) Wool - total (tons) Eggs - total (mil. eggs) Honey (tons) Dolj Meat - total (tons) Milk - total (thou. hl) Wool - total (tons) Eggs - total (mil. eggs) Honey (tons) Mehedinţi Meat - total (tons) Milk - total (thou. hl) Wool - total (tons) Eggs - total (mil. eggs) Honey (tons) Olt Meat - total (tons) Milk - total (thou. hl) Wool - total (tons) Eggs - total (mil. eggs) Honey (tons) Data source: National Institute of Statistics Romania -64-

65 19.40% 20.00% 18.00% 16.00% 17.10% 14.20% 14.88% 16.08% 14.00% 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% Meat - total (tons) Milk - total (thou. hl) Wool - total (tons) Eggs - total (mil. eggs) Honey (tons) Figure 4.12 The contribution of the Romanian area of the cross-border region, for the animal agricultural production in Romania, in 2009 (%) In 2008 in Bulgaria, there has been a decrease in the agricultural production, both overall and for the main categories of meat producers (compared with 2007). In 2009, although the total agricultural production increased compared to 2008, the meat from cattle, pigs, sheep and goats decreased, only meat from poultry recorded an increase tendency in 2009 compared to Table 4.21 Animal agricultural production in Bulgaria (tons) Bulgaria 226, , ,298.9 Cattle 12, , ,302.0 Swine 63, , ,189.3 Sheeps 19, , ,236.8 Goats Poultry 129, , ,570.8 Data source: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria , , , Figure 4.13 The evolution of agricultural production in Bulgaria during the period (tons) -65-

66 Total vegetable agricultural production (tons) During the vegetable agricultural production for agricultural products analysed at the level of the Romanian area of the cross-border region Romania-Bulgaria, has increased constantly. And during the period , it increased almost for all products analyzed. Exceptions make the tomato production in 2009 which decreased in the area by -9.56% compared to 2008 and the white cabbage production, which decreased by -3.25%. In 2009, the 7 counties in the cross-border region between Bulgaria-Romania contributed with 32.17% to the total production of watermelons and melons of Romania and 21.78% to the total production of tomatoes. Mehedinţi County brought in % of the total production of potatoes in the crossborder area while Olt County has contributed with 32.20% to the production of tomatoes in the Romanian border area. The largest part of the production of white cabbage and melons from the Romanian border region in 2009 originated from Dolj county (53.03%, respectively 34.19%). Table 4.22 Total agricultural vegetable production in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region (tons) 7 Romania Potatoes - total 3,712,410 3,649,020 4,003,980 Tomatoes 640, , ,596 Onion 324, , ,106 White cabbage 893, ,625 1,001,940 Watermelons and melons 407, , ,844 Constanţa Potatoes - total Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Călăraşi Potatoes - total Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Giurgiu Potatoes - total Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons In the file corresponding to the Romanian indicator are presented other crops -66-

67 2.03% 4.98% 7.49% 4.23% 2.67% 7.30% 5.38% 8.91% 4.89% 5.17% 2.22% 7.45% 6.55% 11.05% 12.15% 11.15% 10.25% 9.73% 10.15% 10.53% 11.67% 19.12% 17.88% 15.88% 15.62% 20.35% 16.15% 16.46% 21.92% 22.47% 26.15% 32.62% 32.20% 34.19% 53.03% Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between Teleorman Potatoes - total Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Dolj Potatoes - total Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Mehedinţi Potatoes - total Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Olt Potatoes - total Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Data source: National Institute of Statistics Romania 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Potatoes - total Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Constanţa Călăraşi Giurgiu Teleorman Dolj Mehedinţi Olt Figure 4.14 Distribution of agricultural vegetable production in the Romanian counties of the crossborder region, in 2009 (%) -67-

68 In Bulgaria, at national level, the year 2008 was generally better, in terms of agricultural vegetable production than the year 2007 (with an increase of +8.06%), while in 2009 there has been a significant decrease in production compared to 2008 (-18.07%). At the cross-border regions level, in 2008, the North Central region almost doubled its agricultural production compared with 2007 (with an increase of %), mainly due to the production of watermelons and melons (an increase of %) and cabbage (an increase of %). The economic crisis of 2009 has affected this region, however, the agricultural vegetable production decreased by % compared to However, the decrease phenomenon was slower in 2009 than in the other two cross-border regions, North-West and North-East (where the rhythm of decrease in 2009 was over -41%). The three Bulgarian cross-border regions have contributed in 2009 with 10.47% to the total agricultural production in Bulgaria. In 2009, 23.13% of the pepper production in Bulgaria was ensured by the three regions of the cross-border area. The Northwest region has contributed in 2009 by 45.29% to the dry onion production of the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region and by 69.58% to the strawberries production for this region. The North-East region contributed by 88.47% to the pepper production in the area, by 57.38% to the cucumber production and 57.09% to the watermelons and melons production. Table 4.23 Total agricultural production in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region Romania Bulgaria (tons) Bulgaria Tomatoes Cucumbers Peppers Dry onion Cabbage Potatoes Watermelons and melons Strawberries North West Region Tomatoes Cucumbers Peppers Dry onion Cabbage Potatoes Watermelons and melons Strawberries North Central Region Tomatoes Cucumbers Peppers Dry onion

69 4.34% 7.19% 17.52% 10.33% 24.26% 18.36% 20.59% 9.83% 40.13% 42.35% 45.29% 25.16% 29.55% 27.44% 33.31% 39.26% 31.57% 27.53% 40.90% 32.58% 57.38% 88.47% 57.09% 69.58% Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between Cabbage Potatoes Watermelons and melons Strawberries North East Region Tomatoes Cucumbers Peppers Dry onion Cabbage Potatoes Watermelons and melons Strawberries Data source: National Institute of Statistics Bulgaria 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% North-West Region North-Central Region North-East Region Figure 4.15 The distribution of agricultural production in the Bulgarian area of the cross-border region, in 2009 (%) The area cultivated with the main crops The area cultivated with the main crops raised in Romania during the period The largest areas cultivated with the main crops at the national level were cereals for grains (especially wheat and maize), followed by oil plants (notably sunflower). Constanţa County had the largest area cultivated with the main crops ( ha) in 2009, and Mehedinţi had the smallest area cultivated ( ha). -69-

70 Table 4.24 The area cultivated with the main crops in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region (ha) Romania *) Cereals Wheat Rye Barley and two-row barley Oats Corn Vegetables for beans Pea beans Beans Potatoes-total Autumn potatoes Beet sugar Feeders Textile plants Oleaginous plants Sunflower Soy beans Tobacco Vegetables Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Green feeders Annual green feeders Perennial feeders Constanţa Cereals Wheat Rye Barley and two-row barley Oats Corn Vegetables for beans Pea beans Beans Potatoes-total Autumn potatoes Beet sugar Feeders Textile plants Oleaginous plants Sunflower Soy beans Tobacco Vegetables Tomatoes

71 Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Green feeders Annual green feeders Perennial feeders Călăraşi Cereals Wheat Rye Barley and two-row barley Oats Corn Vegetables for beans Pea beans Beans Potatoes-total Autumn potatoes Beet sugar Feeders Textile plants Oleaginous plants Sunflower Soy beans Tobacco Vegetables Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Green feeders Annual green feeders Perennial feeders Giurgiu Cereals Wheat Rye Barley and two-row barley Oats Corn Vegetables for beans Pea beans Beans Potatoes-total Autumn potatoes Beet sugar Feeders Textile plants

72 Oleaginous plants Sunflower Soy beans Tobacco Vegetables Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Green feeders Annual green feeders Perennial feeders Teleorman Cereals Wheat Rye Barley and two-row barley Oats Corn Vegetables for beans Pea beans Beans Potatoes-total Autumn potatoes Beet sugar Feeders Textile plants Oleaginous plants Sunflower Soy beans Tobacco Vegetables Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Green feeders Annual green feeders Perennial feeders Dolj Cereals Wheat Rye Barley and two-row barley Oats Corn Vegetables for beans Pea beans

73 Beans Potatoes-total Autumn potatoes Beet sugar Feeders Textile plants Oleaginous plants Sunflower Soy beans Tobacco Vegetables Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Green feeders Annual green feeders Perennial feeders Mehedinţi Cereals Wheat Rye Barley and two-row barley Oats Corn Vegetables for beans Pea beans Beans Potatoes-total Autumn potatoes Beet sugar Feeders Textile plants Oleaginous plants Sunflower Soy beans Tobacco Vegetables Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Green feeders Annual green feeders Perennial feeders Olt Cereals Wheat

74 Rye Barley and two-row barley Oats Corn Vegetables for beans Pea beans Beans Potatoes-total Autumn potatoes Beet sugar Feeders Textile plants Oleaginous plants Sunflower Soy beans Tobacco Vegetables Tomatoes Onion White cabbage Watermelons and melons Green feeders Annual green feeders Perennial feeders *) The family gardens area, the greenhouses area, the greeneries and solaria area are not included. Data source: National Institute of Statistics Romania In Bulgaria, as in Romania, the cultivated area has increased during the period The district with the largest area cultivated with the main crops is Dobrich (316,276 ha in 2009), followed by Pleven (269,514 ha in 2009). Vidin district has the smallest cultivated area (57,769 hectares in 2009). Table 4.25 The area cultivated with the main crops in the Bulgarian districts of the cross-border region Bulgaria Romania (ha) Bulgaria 2,591,024 2,657,202 2,769,276 Vidin 37,025 45,808 57,769 Montana 107, , ,956 Vratsa 148, , ,953 Pleven 247, , ,514 Veliko Tarnovo 150, , ,264 Ruse 160, , ,946 Razgrad 126, , ,907 Silistra 129, , ,146 Dobrich 313, , ,

75 37,025 45,808 57, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,276 Analysis report for the IV-th quarter for the project "Conducting statistical studies and surveys in the cross-border area between 350, , , , , ,000 50,000 0 Vidin Montana Vratsa Pleven Veliko Tarnovo Ruse Razgrad Silistra Dobrich Figure 4.16 The area cultivated with the main crops in the Bulgarian districts of the cross-border region Bulgaria Romania (ha) The productive orchards area (ha) The area of productive orchards in Romania registered a slight increase during the period (0.34%), followed by a slight decrease during the period (-1%). The largest orchard areas are in Mehedinţi and Dolj counties (7389 ha, respectively 7933 ha in 2009), while in Călăraşi and Teleorman such areas are very small (only 178 ha, respectively 121 ha in 2009). Table 4.26 The area of productive orchards in the Romanian counties of the cross-border region, Romania-Bulgaria (ha) Romania Constanţa Călăraşi Giurgiu Teleorman Dolj Mehedinţi Olt Data source: National Institute of Statistics Romania The tendencies in Bulgaria had an opposite direction to those of Romania, with a decrease in , followed by an increase in At the level of the three regions, there were different tendencies, the North-East region was the region with the largest area of productive orchards in 2007, and became the smallest area of productive orchards in 2009, with a decrease of -71.6%. -75-