Insect Control Research for Pecan

Transcription

1 Insect Control Research for Pecan

2 Pecan Insects Pecan nut casebearer Pecan aphids Black pecan aphid Blackmargined aphid Yellow aphid Brown stink bug Root-feeding weevils Twobanded Japanese Weevil Fuller Rose Beetle

3 Managing PNC.in a nutshell (1 st generation) Pheromone traps 3 to 5 traps per orchard (< 50 acres); 5 traps if > 50 acres. Spread traps out Place each trap near May a nut 9 cluster. Put out traps before 2006 moth flight. April 28 Sample traps at 2007 least 3x per week for April adult 25 PNC moths. Plenty of photos on the web to help you ID PNC adults! PNC: First Capture at Byron, GA Year Date 2008 April Pecan April bud 29 moth 2010 April April April April 29 PNC

4 Managing PNC.in a nutshell (1 st generation) Scout orchard for PNC eggs on nutlets 7-10 days after capturing the first PNC adult in a trap. Use a hand lens to aid in this process. If an insecticide treatment is needed, it is typically applied to the orchard 2 weeks after the first male moths are captured in traps. Do not apply insecticide due to high trap capture. If an application is even warranted, application based on high trap capture usually results in the application being made too early to provide needed residual activity for PNC control. Trap capture (low or high) DOES NOT indicate whether an insecticide needs to be applied.

5 Tips for scouting PNC Start scouting for PNC eggs on nutlets 7-10 days after capturing the first PNC in pheromone traps. Examine 10 nut clusters/tree on 31 trees If you find 2 infested clusters (eggs or nut entry) before sampling all trees, apply an insecticide within the next few days. Mark some infested nut clusters with ribbon to determine egg hatch. Newly laid eggs are white but turn pink/red before hatching. Apply insecticide 1-2 days after egg hatch. Scout for infested clusters again 5-7 days later. If you find < 2 infested clusters, sample again 2-3 days later. If you then find 2 infested clusters, immediately apply treatment. If no treatment is needed, sample again 2 days later. This sample is very important if weather conditions have been cool or rainy.

6 2012 PNC Trap Capture, Byron, GA Average Daily Capture Data Average Moths / Trap Orchard 1 Orchard 2 Orchard 3 0 Data collected from 3 PNC traps/orchard

7 Cumulative Capture of PNC Moths Over Time PNC Trap Capture, Byron, GA Cumulative Data Is trap capture an indicator of the amount of future damage? Orchard 1 Orchard 2 Orchard 3 Data collected from 3 PNC traps/orchard

8 Percentage PNC Infestation of Nut Clusters in Unsprayed Pecan Orchards May 31, 2012 Percentage of Clusters Trap capture is not an indicator of the amount of future damage!! Infested Not Infested % 1.5% 2.0% Orchard 1 Orchard 2 Orchard 3 Sampled 20 nut clusters per tree on 20 trees in each orchard

9 2013 PNC Capture in Traps May 1 May 8 May 15 May 22 Average Moths/Trap/Week Trap height (ft) in the pecan tree

10 2013 Capture of PNC Moths and Nut Damage During 2013 PNC moth flight, we sampled 1,200 nut clusters for PNC eggs. Nut clusters were sampled from the bottom of the tree to the top of the tree. We found 0 eggs. No PNC control action was taken this past Spring (2013). Later, we sampled 300 nut clusters for signs of PNC nut entry. We found 0 infested clusters.

11 For your consideration: Some of the nuts you save from PNC will drop in June. Heavy/Light crop. The cost of traps/lures and scouting will pay you in pesticide and fuel savings. Spraying for PNC just to be safe is another way to redistribute your wealth. SO.. You may need to treat your orchard for PNC. OR You may not need to treat your orchard for PNC. Trapping adult moths and scouting for eggs/nut entry will let you make that decision with confidence!

12 2013 Insecticide Treatments & Application Dates Aphids and Pecan Weevil Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 July 12 ProGibb 4% 20oz Jul 17 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz Sept 3-4 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz Sept Danitol 16 oz Closer 2.75 oz Carbaryl 4L 3 qt Closer 2.75 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 40oz White untreated Control

13 Black Pecan Aphid Aphids per Compound Leaf Jul 12-Jul 22-Jul 1-Aug 11-Aug 21-Aug 31-Aug 10-Sep Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 Control Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 July 12 ProGibb 4% 20oz Jul 17 Belay 6 oz Grandevo 3 lbs Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz Sept 3-4 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz

14 Aphids per Compound Leaf Blackmargined and Yellow Pecan Aphids Jul 12-Jul 22-Jul 1-Aug 11-Aug 21-Aug 31-Aug 10-Sep Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 Control Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 July 12 ProGibb 4% 20oz Jul 17 Belay 6 oz Grandevo 3 lbs Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz Sept 3-4 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz

15 2013 Closer Insecticide Trial Black Pecan Aphid Data Aphids per Compound Leaf Jul 25-Jul 1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep Closer Control Closer (2.75 oz/a and 100 gpa) applied on July 18 and August 6.

16 2013 Closer Insecticide Trial Blackmargined + Yellow Pecan Aphid Data Aphids per Compound Leaf Jul 25-Jul 1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep Closer Control Closer (2.75 oz/a and 100 gpa) applied on July 18 and August 6.

17 Insecticide Assay against Brown Stink Bug June 2011 Peaches sprayed in field, 24 h later taken to lab and SB s placed on fruit in cups. % Dead + Moribund Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 1 day after SB s added to cup control Danitol (21.3 oz/a) Danitol (10.7 oz/a) Endigo ZC (5.5 oz/a) Imidan (2.25 lbs/a)

18 Brown Stink Bug Assay on Peach Peaches sprayed in orchard, next day peaches picked and put in a cup with a stink bug. Observations made 24 hours later. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Control Danitol Endigo Belay and Karate % Dead % Moribund % Alive Danitol = 16 oz/a --- Endigo = 5.5 oz/a --- Belay (2.9 oz/a) + Karate (2.3 oz/a)

19 Root-feeding Weevils: Potential for damage in nurseries and newly established orchards Previously unobserved damage to peach roots.

20 Monitoring insects emerging from the peach orchard floor Use cone emergence traps to monitor emergence in: early-, mid- and late-ripening commercial peach orchards (April to November 2007) Sunbrite (late May), Harvester (late June) and Sunprince (mid-july) Ripening date affects number of insecticide applications to an orchard non-sprayed peach orchards (Sept Sept. 2009) Traps were placed under the tree canopy OR in a missing tree space within a row (i.e., where a tree had died)

21 Avg. Adults/ Trap Commercial Orchard Missing tree site traps Fuller Rose Beetle Ripening Time Early Mid Late

22 Commercial Orchards Under the Canopy traps Fuller Rose Beetle 4 Avg. Adults/ Trap Ripening Time Early Mid Late 0.5 0

23 Non-sprayed Peach Orchards Twobanded Japanese Weevil Emergence Avg. Adults/ Trap Missing tree sites Under canopy

24 Non-sprayed Peach Orchards Fuller Rose Beetle Emergence 5 Missing tree sites Under Canopy Avg. Adults/ Trap No foliage on trees!

25 M.C. Thomas, Bugwood.org Twobanded Japanese Weevil Callirhopalus bifasciatus (Roelofs) Clemson Univ, Bugwood.org Fuller Rose Beetle Naupactus cervinus Boheman General Biology: Flightless adults feed on foliage; NO males, females reproduce asexually; Eggs are laid on foliage and bark crevices; Feed on MANY plant species; Larvae hatch and enter soil through cracks, feed on roots; Pupation occurs in soil Target-specific trunk applications of a contact insecticide (e.g., carbaryl) can provide control.

26 Acknowledgments Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Pecan Ann Amis, Saleah Starks, Ryan Burciaga and Stacy Byrd technical assistance