United States Government

Transcription

1 United States Government

2 I. Early Governments (Intro) 100 years ago governments were led by rulers, who ruled by force Direct democracy- Greeks invented this government, government run by the people to decide issues When the Romans overtook the Greeks their government changed until it was revived again. This was called Direct Democracy

3 II. Ideals & purposes of Government

4 II. Ideals & purposes of Government John Locke & Jean Rousseau thought that government was like a contract between the people and the government They also believed the people were sovereign not the government Sovereign= supreme ruler Mayflower Compact of 1620 was based on the consent of the people In England they had a representative government. Parliament was made of the house of commons elected by the people The Monarchy they had before was inherited.

5 Continued Jefferson relayed the ideas of Greek philosopher Plato, Locke and Rousseau. Republican government is one in which the government is responsible to the people. 3 Ideas in the declaration Jefferson wrote: 1. Republicanism 2. Democracy 3. Representation

6 Continued Other than being a declaration it was also: Rights that all people should have People must consent to be governed Listed the tyrannical acts of King George The impact would effect many other nations including the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in the French revolution.

7 A) Constitution, Preamble, and the Federal Government Preamble- Begins the constitution We the people Constitution created a better government than the articles Made a court system Make peace, fight enemies Wellbeing of the nation Protect individual freedom

8 A) Constitution, Preamble, and the Federal Government Articles were too loose New government created Taxation Executive Branch Supreme court; judiciary act made the rest of the system complete Federal and state gov. to handle law breakers Congress can call national guard for issues that threaten peace Democratic system allows for people to pick their representatives in gov. (they will serve the interest of the people) Bill of rights (first 10 amendments) Civil Rights Act & Voting Rights Act of 1965 added in (14 th amend.)

9 B) Constitution & rule of law Governments purpose is to provide rules of law and conduct = order and security. Bill of rights( first 10 amendments) Speech clauses (1 st amendment); Freedom of: (SPAP) Speech Press Assembly Petition Not everything is allowed if it is speech that will cause Violence Endanger Slander

10 4 th Amendment: B) Constitution & rule of law Protects against illegal search and seizures 5 th & 6 th Amendment: List rights citizens enjoy when arrested: Jury Trial Timely & public Trial No retrial Right to remain silent Knowing accusation ( what did I do?) Own witness Own counsel 8 th Amendment: Protects against cruel & harsh punishment Miranda Rights The right to remain silent, anything said can/will be used against you in the court of law, you have the right to an attorney, court will provide if you can t.

11 B) Constitution & rule of law 9 th amendment government cannot take away rights NOT listed in the constitution. 10 th Amendment States get all powers not given to the federal government

12 B) Constitution & rule of law Federal government & states have different laws. Constitution for states and the USA Some laws take precedence over others: Constitution Federal Law State Law Courts will nullify or cancel laws that don t fit the constitution, known as JUDICIAL REVIEW. This power occurred after Marbury v. Madison. By chief justice John Marshall.

13 C) Constitutional Limit of gov. and delegate power Article I lists the denied powers of the federal government: they cannot Suspend Habeas Corpus (jailing someone without charging for a crime) unless public safety is risked Punish without trying Make a something illegal after it occurred in order to charge a person Tax exports Laws that favor one state over another Spend money not appropriated (approved) Title of nobility (no illegal gifts) Three different types of government powers to know: 1. Delegated- given to the federal government 2. Reserved- for the states 3. Concurrent Both federal and state

14 III. Democracy in Action

15 A) Civil v. Criminal procedure Civil law covers disputes between people or government Criminal Law protects people from harming each other Plaintiff- Brings the lawsuit Defendant- who the lawsuit is against Breach of Contract- most cases are because one person failed to do what they agreed to Pleadings- exchange of material between attorneys

16 IV. United States and government abroad

17 A) Branches of Government Executive Branch- President: 1. Makes treaties with other nations 2. Carries out laws 3. Vetoes (cancels) bills Congress passes if he thinks they are wrong 4. Appoints judges in the Judicial Branch for a life term 5. Makes Budget Legislative- House of Representatives & Congress 1. Makes laws 2. Can override a President's veto of a bill by 2/3 vote 3. Can impeach a President 4. Must approve presidential appointments for judges and justices 5. Gives the O.K. on budget spending and treaties 6. Can remove judges from office for misconduct Judicial- Court systems (state & federal) 1. Interprets laws 2. May decide that some laws that Congress makes or decisions that the President make are not right according to the Constitution.

18 B) Checks & Balances Checks and balances are a system where each branch is able to check the other and balance that branch so they do not receive to much power.

19 C) Different Types of Governments Theocracy government connected to a religion The laws from the holy book example nations are: Iran and Vatican City Absolute Monarchy king or queen have absolute power over the nation & DIVINE RIGHT Constitutional Monarchy the king or queen do not have the ultimate political power. The laws and decisions from: Prime minister/parliament. King and Parliament Sometimes are just figure heads like the Queen of Great Britain example nations are: Great Britain, Jordon, Morocco Dictatorship one person controls a country through force. Tyrant- cruel and unjust Example nations are: Former Iraq and Cuba

20 C) Different Types of Governments A Totalitarian system Anarchy run by a one party dictatorship, army general Public and private lives are controlled Example nations are: North Korea no government structure at all Democracy means rule by the people Representative Democracy or Democratic Republic. Oligarchy the citizens elect representatives and leaders they represent the people of their area they vote on issues and laws on behalf of the citizens Example nation is: The United States of America Rule by a small group of people Individual rights don t exist