MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF DENMARK EVALUATION OF DANISH SUPPORT TO WATER AND SANITATION ( )

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1 EVALUATION OF DANISH SUPPORT TO WATER AND SANITATION ( )

2 SEVEN COUNTRIES VISITED Bangladesh Benin Burkina Faso Egypt Ghana Uganda Vietnam 2

3 EVALUATION TEAM Royal Haskoning ECORYS Nederland IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre Copenhagen Development Consulting A/S 3

4 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS Danida was a major player in the WWS sector during the evaluation period accounting for 20-40% of sector investments (in the 7 countries) The evaluation estimates that DK support provided : million people with improved water supply million people with improved sanitation facilities Total Danish disbursements to the sector during the evaluation period amounted to app. 2.5 billion DKK (about two percent of the 4global allocations to the sector).

5 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS CONT. The evaluation thus finds that Danida contributed substantially to the achievement of the Millennium Developments Goals (MDG) concerning halving of the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. Even so, much more efforts by recipient countries, Danida and other donors are required to reach the goal. Additional funds must be raised and the capacity to absorb investments and maintain 5 systems must be strengthened.

6 UDENRIGSMINISTERIET, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF DENMARK OVERALL CONCLUSIONS (CONT.) Danida is a highly appreciated development partner Danida plays an active and stimulating role in the international WSS arena Monitoring systems in many countries are weak, leading to difficulties in assessing e.g. actual number of functioning water supply and sanitation systems (causing doubts about real coverage). 6

7 AFRICA IS LAGGING BEHIND THE MDG If the rate of progress from remains at the same level in the coming years, the water target in sub-saharan Africa will not be reached before The situation is even worse when it comes to sanitation. Thus, expansion of sanitation needs to be more than doubled to meet the MDGs in

8 SANITATION IN PARTICULAR IS LAGGING BEHIND Responsibilities for sanitation are scattered and often not clearly defined Only Bangladesh had at the time when the evaluation was carried out formulated a national sanitation policy Achieving the MDGs for sanitation will require: Extra effort by all parties National champions 8

9 REACHING THE POOR Evaluation found that Danida has worked within the framework of the national Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) and generally has supported WSS in poor regions in poor countries In Bangladesh, Danida played an explicit role in assisting the national government in formulating a pro-poor WSS strategy which was incorporated in the PRS. Evaluation found little evidence of systematic and comprehensive poverty 9 analysis and explicit pro-poor policies.

10 BUILDING CAPACITY Danida substantially contributed to the development of national sector policy frameworks on water during the evaluation period. Regarding sanitation, Danida often tried to support the development of a national policy framework but with less success. In six out of seven countries (Egypt was the exeception), Danida has contributed substantially in developing planning and implementation capacities at national level. Danida has substantially supported capacity building at lower levels, e.g. through supporting decentralisation and de-concentration processes. Capacities at these levels were increased, however the implementation of policies still remained at low pace. 10

11 USER GROUPS AND NGOs Evaluation found that user groups and NGOs were supported vigorously, but also that: 11 Support focused mainly on the construction period and too little on maintenance and post-intervention sustainability Groups were insufficiently involved in the planning and design The use of demand responsive approaches should be increased The lack of formal legal status and ownership rights of user groups should be addressed

12 PRIVATE SECTOR AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Support to develop private sector involvement was limited and the evaluation calls for increased private sector involvement. Danida has actively worked on cost sharing arrangements for investments in rural WSS. The level of user contribution remains however still low; poverty levels as well as total cost of investment are main obstacles in these. 12

13 NEW AID DELIVERY MECHANISMS Danida was often a driving force in working towards enhanced sector coordination and the implementation of new aid modalities such as earmarked budget support, SWAps and basket funds. However, sector coordination and alignment was limited due to: a) Capacity constraints on the recipient government side b) Lack of national systems and policies c) Donors inclination to stick to own approaches 13 and procedures

14 SECTOR WIDE APPROACHES (SWAp) Ideal timing of SWAps no consensus. Starting early can help move the sector in the right direction. Risk: Innovative concepts and approaches risk losing out if not given special attention. Risk: Too much government-to-government cooperation. Too little involvement of nongovernmental stakeholders (private sector, NGOs, etc.). 14

15 SELECTED RECOMMENDATIONS Danida should take the lead in identifying ways and means to raise more ressources especially for sanitation in sub-saharan Africa. Focus on increasing the absorption capacity and the financial sustainability. Maintain and increase focus on poor countries development of systematic and pro-active approaches to reach the poor Facilitate the identification and development of national champions in order to successfully develop and implement sanitation policies 15

16 UDENRIGSMINISTERIET, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF DENMARK RECOMMENDATIONS CONT. Continue to be focused on investing in innovation and supporting outside-the-box thinking Support the development of a comprehensive monitoring system that provides adequate information about sector progress and efficiency. Intensify support to grass root level organisations and water user groups, also to give substance to demandresponsive approaches, post-intervention back-up and involvement in design. Explore options for increased private sector involvement Jointly with Governments and other development partners prepare roadmaps for development of SWAPs 16

17 UDENRIGSMINISTERIET, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF DENMARK DANIDA COMMENTS Danida welcomes the evaluation and the documentation of the Danish contribution towards fulfillment of the MDGs on water and sanitation. Many of the recommendations are already being implemented. Finds that recommendations concerning private sector involvement and on user fees may be difficult to realise in particular in the poor countries in Africa South of Sahara. 17

18 UDENRIGSMINISTERIET, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF DENMARK THANK YOU 18