CALIFORNIA COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT ELECTION OUTCOMES. County Offices and Ballot Measures

Transcription

1 CALIFORNIA COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT ELECTION OUTCOMES 1998 ELECTIONS County Offices and Ballot Measures Institute for Social Research Center For California Studies California State University, Sacramento

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3 CALIFORNIA COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT ELECTION OUTCOMES: CANDIDATES AND BALLOT MEASURES, 1998 ELECTIONS COUNTY OFFICES AND BALLOT MEASURES Timothy A. Hodson, Ph.D., Director, Center for California Studies Carole Barnes, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Social Research Center for California Studies California State University, Sacramento 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA (916) FAX: (916) Institute for Social Research California State University, Sacramento 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA (916) FAX: (916)

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5 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... i 1998 County, City and School District Election Dates by County... vii 1998 ELECTION SERIES SUMMARY: ELECTION OUTCOMES FOR COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT BALLOT MEASURES AND CANDIDATES... 1 Table A Table B Table C Summary of Outcomes for All County, City and School District Ballot Measures by Type of Measure and County, Summary of Outcomes for All County, City and School District Ballot Measures by Topic of Measure and County, Summary of Election Outcomes for All County, City and School District Offices, PART 1 VOTE TOTALS, ELECTION OUTCOMES AND TEXT FOR COUNTY BALLOT MEASURES... 9 Table 1.1 Vote Totals for County Ballot Measures by County, Table 1.2 Text for County Ballot Measures by County, Table 1.3 Table 1.4 Summary of Election Outcomes for County Ballot Measures by Type of Measure and County, Summary of Election Outcomes for County Ballot Measures by Topic of Measure and County, PART 2 VOTE TOTALS FOR COUNTY OFFICE CANDIDATES Table 2.1 Vote Totals for County Office Candidates by County and Election Date, Table 2.2 Summary of Election Outcomes for County Offices,

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7 CALIFORNIA ELECTIONS DATA ARCHIVE INTRODUCTION The California Elections Data Archive (CEDA) is a joint project of the Center for California Studies and the Institute for Social Research, both of California State University, Sacramento and the office of the California Secretary of State. The purpose of CEDA is to provide researchers, citizens, public agencies and other interested parties with a single repository of local election data. With over 6,000 local jurisdictions in California, the task of monitoring local elections is nearly impossible for individuals. CEDA addresses this problem through the creation of a single, cost-effective and easily accessible source of local election data. CEDA includes both candidate and ballot measure results for county, city, community college, and school district elections throughout the State. CEDA thus represents the only comprehensive repository of local election results in California. Election data are collected periodically throughout the year. This enables CEDA to incorporate results from special elections as well as all regularly scheduled elections. Election results from counties, cities, and community college and school districts are entered in the CEDA database from which three standard CEDA reports are generated. These reports include: County Elections: Candidates, ballot designations, and vote totals for all elected county offices; vote totals and text for county ballot measures. City Elections: Candidates, ballot designations, and vote totals for all elected city offices; vote totals and text for all city ballot measures. Community College and School District Elections: Candidates, ballot designations, and vote totals for all elective community college and school district offices; vote totals and text for all district ballot measures. Ballot measures for all jurisdictions are coded according to type (e.g., charter amendment, bond measure, initiative, etc.) and to subject (e.g., taxes, education, public safety, governance, etc.). THE CENTER FOR CALIFORNIA STUDIES Located at California State University, Sacramento, the Center for California Studies is a public policy, public service and curricular support unit of the California State University. The Center s location in the state Capital and its ability to draw upon the resources of the entire State University system give it a unique capacity for making contributions to public policy development and the public life of California. Center programs cover four broad areas: administration of the nationally known Assembly, Senate, Executive, and Judicial Administration Fellowship Programs; universitystate government liaison and applied policy research; civic education and community service through forums, conferences and issue dialogues; and curricular support activity in the interdisciplinary field of California Studies.

8 ii CALIFORNIA ELECTION OUTCOMES INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH Established in 1989, the Institute for Social Research (ISR) is an interdisciplinary center serving the research needs of federal, state and local government agencies, non-profit organizations and university administration, faculty and students. ISR s services include program evaluation, needs assessment, workload studies, and surveys (by mail, telephone, personal interview and laptop computer. ISR s full-time staff offer expertise in all stages of the research process including: research and sampling design, focus groups, measurement, coding and data entry, computer assisted telephone and field interviewing, data base management, statistical analysis and report production. Faculty affiliates of the Institute offer expertise in a wide variety of disciplines, including the social sciences, health and human services, engineering and education. CALIFORNIA SECRETARY OF STATE The Secretary of State is, among other duties, California's chief elections officer with the responsibility of administering the provisions of the Elections Code. The Secretary must compile state election returns and issue certificates of election to winning candidates; compile the returns and certify the results of initiative and referendum elections; certify acts delayed by referendum and prepare and file a statement of vote. Recent legislation permits but does not mandate that the Secretary of State compile local election results ELECTION DATA In 1998, the 148 th year of the California Republic, voters in local elections rendered judgment on 572 local ballot measures and 5,502 candidates for local elective office. This constitutes more electoral activity than 1997 but comparable to 1996, which saw 573 local ballot measures and 5,530 local candidates. This is a consequence of the trend in the 1980s and 1990s of local governments moving their elections to even-numbered years so as to consolidate with statewide elections. BALLOT MEASURES 1998 was another good year for ballot measures with 344 or 60.1 percent being approved by the voters. This is consistent with the overall pass rates in 1996 (57 percent) and 1997 (60 percent). Charter Amendments and recalls were particularly successful, with pass rates of 77 percent and 74 percent respectively. Voters were not as supportive of bonds (with 58 percent passing), ordinances (58 percent) or initiatives (56 percent) and even less so with tax measures (48 percent passed). Measures dealing with general services (80 percent pass rate), transportation (70 percent) and land use issues (70 percent) were the most likely to pass although education (63 percent) and governance (64 percent) measures exceeded the pass rate (60 percent) for all measures. Environmental and public safety issues fared poorly, with pass rates of 43 percent. It should be noted that the total numbers of ballot measures (572) and the number of successful measures (344) does not represent an explosion in local initiatives. Only 28 of the local ballot measures in 1998 were placed on the ballot through the initiative process and that includes 19 recall measures. The bulk of ballot measures were placed on the ballot by boards of supervisors, city councils and school district boards pursuant to the constitutional and statutory demands of the

9 1998 SCHOOL DISTRICT OFFICES AND BALLOT MEASURES iii State. Moreover, although recalls had a pass rate of 73.7 percent, initiatives had a pass rate of 55.5 percent, less than the overall pass rate of 60.1 percent. County Measures. All of the state s fifty-eight counties voted on ballot measures in 1998, though the activity level ranged from one to three measures in most counties to El Dorado s 17 county measures and San Francisco s 22. Of the 121 county measures, 71 or 58.7 percent, passed. Interestingly, only one county submitted a bond measure to its voters and that (San Francisco s Measure A) failed. Seven of El Dorado County s 17 measures could be attributed to the rapid growth in the county (e.g., measures dealing with allowable densities under the general plan, placing a limit on total county population, a Control Traffic Congestion Initiative and several improvement districts levies). As usual, San Francisco s ballot ranged from the ordinary (a freeze on water and sewer rates, police pensions, and compensation of elected officials government) to the unusual (creation of a Taxi Commission and cutting the supervisors staff). Perhaps the most creative county measure was in Santa Clara County where, in a wonderful display of Silicon Valley optimism, voters approved Measure F which authorized the Board of Supervisors to adopt an instant run-off voting system once the necessary technology is available. Most county measures dealt with tax issues (50 or 41.3 percent of all county measures) or were charter amendments (25 or 20.6 percent) or ordinances (32 or 26.4 percent). The most frequently addressed topics of county measures were governance issues (24 or 19.8 percent of all county measures), transportation (16 or 13.2 percent), general services (15 or 12.4 percent), public safety (14 or 11.5 percent) and land use (13 or 10.7 percent). Santa Clara County voters adopted a measure limiting county supervisors to three terms City Measures. More than 150 California cities generated 287 municipal ballot measures of which 59.9 percent or 172 passed. Charter amendments and ordinances made up 51.6 percent of city measures, with pass rates of 76.8 and 53.2 percent, respectively. Over a third of city measures were tax issues, which had only a 48 percent pass rate. City voters faced only 9 bond measures of which 7 or 77.8 percent passed. The more popular subjects of city measures included governance issues (101 or 35.2 of the total, with a pass rate of 62.4 percent) and land use (33 or 11.5 percent with a pass rate of 72.7 percent). Although representing less than 4 percent of all city measures, the 10 measures dealing with general services enjoyed a 100 percent pass rate. It is also interesting to note that municipal voters faced 19 measures seeking to eliminate elected positions and make the positions appointive instead. Voters characterized by public opinion polls as distrustful of politicians and elected officials nevertheless defeated 15 of those measures. On the other hand, ballot measures also included recall efforts. Seven city officials faced recall elections; three were actually recalled. Eight cities passed term limits measures; no city rejected term limits, though San Marcos defeated a measure banning consecutive terms while approving a measure limiting city council members to three terms. The most unusual city measure was Measure F in Arcata which required the City Council to hold town hall meetings on the subject, Can we have democracy when large corporations wield so much power and wealth under the law? Measure F passed. School Measures. Bonds and recalls are the story of the 164 measures on school and community college district ballots. Bond measures represented 81.7 percent, or 134, of all school measures with 12 recall elections accounting for another 7.3 percent. Of the 134 bond measures, 76 passed for a pass rate of 56.7 percent. The bond sales approved by the voters ranged from $233,000 for Bella Vista Elementary School District in Tulare County to $1.5 billion for the San Diego Unified School district. Overall, California voters approved school bond measures totaling more than $4

10 iv CALIFORNIA ELECTION OUTCOMES billion in Voters in nine districts also approved parcel tax increases. Finally, 12 members of school boards were subject to recalls and 11 were actually recalled. CANDIDATE ELECTIONS A total of 5,502 men and women sought local elective office in California in This was only 28 fewer than the 5,530 local candidates who ran in If nothing else, the willingness of over 5,500 Californians to tempt the "slings and arrows of outrageous fortune" in offering themselves to examination and very public judgment by their fellow citizens is a rough indication of the health of the California Republic. Incumbent office-holders at the county, city and school district levels fared well in 1998 with an overall re-election rate of 85.4 percent. This compares favorably with overall incumbent re-election rates of 75.5 percent in 1997, 78.5 percent in 1996 and 79.3 percent in Incumbent reelection rates are not the whole story and certainly do not translate into unchanging and unchangeable memberships on county boards, city councils and school district boards. The reality of local elective politics in California is that while incumbents who opt to run for re-election are frequently successful, substantial numbers of winning candidates are not incumbents. In 1998, for example, the 1,499 incumbents who were re-elected accounted for 55.3 percent of all winners while 44.7 percent or 1,210 winners, were non-incumbents. Indeed, in 1995, 1996 and 1997, re-elected incumbents accounted for less than half of all winning candidates. County races. Of the 99 incumbent county supervisors who sought re-election in 1998, 85 were successful for a re-election rate of 85.9 percent. This is, perhaps, the most significant development in local candidate elections in Four years ago, the re-election rate for county supervisors was only 42.1 percent. This increased to 69.3 percent in Another interesting development is the emergence of elected directors of community service districts. In 1998, eleven such positions were on county ballots. City races. City council members enjoyed a strong re-election rate of 81.6 percent with 345 of 423 council incumbents being re-elected. Incumbents, however, accounted for only 47.9 percent of all winners with non-incumbents winning a majority of council seats. This is, however, an increase over 1996 when city council incumbents represented only 41.5 percent of winning candidates and 1997 when 44.5 percent of winners were also incumbents. Other incumbent elected officials were more successful in 1998 with 91.1 percent of mayors, auditors, city attorneys, treasurers and city clerks being re-elected. Moreover, incumbents represented the winners in more than half of these elections. Seven members of city councils faced recall elections in 1998 and three were actually recalled. As in previous years, the recall was a small town phenomenon with the three successful recalls occurring in Etna and the unsuccessful efforts in Windsor and Colton. School District Races. A total of 2,432 Californians ran for 1,218 positions on community college or school district boards. Incumbent board members enjoyed an 82.8 percent re-election rate and accounted for 52.5 percent of all winners. Thus 47.5 of board members elected in 1998 were nonincumbents. A total of 12 board members faced recall elections in 1998 with all but one being recalled. The successful recalls took place in Bella Vista Elementary (Shasta County), Dehesa Elementary (San Diego County), Grossmont (San Diego County) and Sausalito Elementary (Marin County). The failed recall occurred in Alpaugh Unified in Tulare County.

11 1998 SCHOOL DISTRICT OFFICES AND BALLOT MEASURES v BALLOT MEASURES TRENDS CEDA began with the November elections in In addition to this incomplete gubernatorial election year, the archive now contains four full years of election data, including one complete gubernatorial year (1998), one featuring statewide elections (1996) and two odd-numbered years devoted to local races, bond and tax measures. Fewer ballot measures were offered during the two odd-numbered years (252 and 343 in 1995 and 1997 respectively) than in years with statewide elections (573 and 572 in 1996 and 1998). Although November remains the most popular month for elections, many counties held oddnumbered year elections in March and June. In 1996, almost all counties held elections in March and November, with very few in June. In 1998, half of the counties had April elections, while all held primary elections in June and the gubernatorial and statewide elections in November. Bonds were more common in the odd-numbered years, making up over a third of all measures in 1995 and 1997, but 11 percent and 26 percent in 1996 and Conversely, ordinances and charter amendments were more common in even-numbered years. Ordinances made up a third and a fifth of all measures in 1996 and 1998 respectively; only one appeared on the ballot in Charter amendments constituted roughly a fifth of all measures in three of the four years. Tax issues constituted an increasing percentage of ballot measures, making up 10 percent in 1995, but percent in 1996 through Overall pass rates for ballot measures were remarkably similar in the four years, varying between 57% in 1996 and 60 61% in the other three years. Pass rates were highest for charter amendments, ranging between 73 and 93% over the four years. Recalls were also likely winners, with pass rates in the 69 74% range for the three years with a reasonable number of cases. Ordinances and bonds were more likely to win than lose, with pass rates between 58 and 61% in three of the four years. In contrast, tax measures were more apt to be defeated, with pass rates between 35 and 48% in 1995, 1996 and Education and governance were by far the most common topics of ballot measures, constituting over half (56%) of all measures during the four years. Land use and general services issues together made up 15% of all measures, public safety and public facilities another 12%. Water, transportation, the environment and miscellaneous issues were the least common subjects of ballot measures. Although measures dealing with education were numerous in three of the four years, governance, land use, public safety and public facilities measures were concentrated in the evennumbered years. Pass rates were highest for governance measures, varying between 84% in 1995 to 65 67% in the last three years. Land use measures had slightly lower and more variable pass rates, ranging from 56% to 70%. Education and general services issues maintained healthy pass rates in all four years, varying between 53 and 67% for education and 51 77% for general services measures. Public safety and public facilities measures had marginal pass rates, the former varying between 42% and 51% and the latter between 37% and 59%. County Measures. County measures were concentrated in the even-numbered years, where they make up 20% of all ballot measures. Only 7% of ballot measures deal with county issues in oddnumbered year elections. Most county measures are either charter amendments, ordinances or tax-related. The first two are more apt to pass, the last more apt to fail. In 1995 and 1996,

12 vi CALIFORNIA ELECTION OUTCOMES governance issues dominated, making up 39 41% of all county measures. In 1997, governance issues and public facilities accounted for a similar percentage (21% each) of all county measures. The gubernatorial election brought out a much greater diversity of issues. While governance measures accounted for 20% of all county measures, transportation, general services, public safety, land use, and public facilities each made up another 10 13%. City Measures. Although city measures are much more common than those proposed by counties and school districts, they are not as concentrated in the even-numbered years as county measures are. They made up almost two-thirds of all measures in 1996, but only 50% in 1998 which was similar to their proportion in 1995 (47%). Most city measures are charter amendments, taxes or ordinances. Like the county measures, city charter amendments and ordinances tended to pass while tax measures tended to fail in all four years. In each of the four years, governance issues dominated city measures as well. General services issues were more frequent in 1996 and 1997, while land use issues were common in 1996 and Public safety and public facilities were other frequent topics for city ballot measures. School District Measures. While school district and city measures make up comparable proportions of all ballot measures in the odd-numbered years (between 42 and 51%), school district measures occur with a similar frequency to county measures during the even-numbered ones (between 15 and 29% of all measures). Changing from a marginal pass rate (51%) in 1995 to pass rates equaling the average for all measures (61 62%) in may have contributed to a doubling of the number of school district measures during the past three years (from 87 in 1996 to 174 and 164 in 1997 and 1998). The success of school bonds and taxes during the same three years may also have encouraged their addition to the ballot. Pass rates for school bonds varied between 57% and 66% during the past three years, while % of the less numerous tax measures were approved. Recalls, generally less frequent than tax measures, usually received a high rate of approval (88 92% in three of the four years, although none of the 4 in 1996 were approved). Gann limit measures suddenly flourished in 1997, when there were 18 dealing specifically with schools (out of a total of 29 on the state s ballots that year); there were only two education-related Gann measures in each of the other 3 years (1995, 1996 and 1998). Collectively, half of them passed. CANDIDATE ELECTIONS Elections for county offices are almost entirely held during the even-numbered years. While city and school board offices are more common in those years, roughly 40% of candidates for these offices run during the odd-numbered years. The proportion of candidates who were incumbents rose slightly from 26 27% in 1995 and 1996 to 30 32% in 1997 and This apparent rebound in the number of incumbent candidates may signal an end to the post-term limit adjustment period when many city council members and county supervisors moved to fill the spots being vacated in Sacramento. Incumbent candidates were heavily favored in all four years, but particularly so in the gubernatorial election year (1998) when 82% or more won re-election.

13 1998 COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT ELECTION DATES BY COUNTY 1/6 1/13 1/27 2/3 2/24 3/3 4/14 4/28 6/2 7/21 7/28 8/4 11/3 12/8 Alameda Alpine 3 3 Amador 3 3 Butte 3 3 Calaveras 3 3 Colusa 3 3 Contra Costa Del Norte 3 3 El Dorado Fresno 3 3 Glenn Humboldt Imperial Inyo 3 3 Kern Kings Lake 3 3 Lassen 3 3 Los Angeles Madera 3 3 Marin Mariposa 3 3 Mendocino 3 3 Merced 3 3 Modoc 3 3 Mono 3 3 Monterey Napa Nevada Orange COUNTY OFFICES AND BALLOT MEASURES vii

14 1998 COUNTY OFFICES AND BALLOT MEASURES viii 1998 COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT ELECTION DATES BY COUNTY 1/6 1/13 1/27 2/3 2/24 3/3 4/14 4/28 6/2 7/21 7/28 8/4 11/3 12/8 Placer 3 3 Plumas 3 3 Riverside Sacramento 3 3 San Benito 3 3 San Bernardino San Diego San Francisco 3 3 San Joaquin 3 3 San Luis Obispo San Mateo Santa Barbara Santa Clara Santa Cruz Shasta Sierra 3 3 Siskiyou Solano Sonoma Stanislaus 3 3 Sutter Tehama Trinity 3 3 Tulare 3 3 Tuolumne 3 3 Ventura 3 3 Yolo 3 3 Yuba 3 3 3

15 1998 ELECTION SERIES SUMMARY: ELECTION OUTCOMES FOR COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT BALLOT MEASURES AND CANDIDATES

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17 TABLE A SUMMARY OF OUTCOMES FOR ALL COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT BALLOT MEASURES BY TYPE OF MEASURE AND COUNTY, 1998 CHARTER BONDS ADVISORY INITIATIVE GANN LIMIT ORDINANCE TAXES RECALL POLICY/POSITION ALL MEASURES AMENDMENT PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL TOTAL Alameda Alpine Butte Calaveras Colusa Contra Costa Del Norte El Dorado Fresno Glenn Humboldt Imperial Kern Kings Lake Lassen Los Angeles Madera Marin Mariposa Mendocino Mono Monterey Napa Nevada Orange Placer COUNTY OFFICES AND BALLOT MEASURES PAGE 3

18 CALIFORNIA ELECTION OUTCOMES PAGE 4 TABLE A SUMMARY OF OUTCOMES FOR ALL COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT BALLOT MEASURES BY TYPE OF MEASURE AND COUNTY, 1998 CHARTER BONDS ADVISORY INITIATIVE GANN LIMIT ORDINANCE TAXES RECALL POLICY/POSITION ALL MEASURES AMENDMENT PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS FAIL TOTAL Riverside Sacramento San Benito San Bernardino San Diego San Francisco San Joaquin San Luis Obispo San Mateo Santa Barbara Santa Clara Santa Cruz Shasta Sierra Siskiyou Solano Sonoma Stanislaus Sutter Tehama Tulare Tuolumne Ventura Yolo Yuba All Counties

19 TABLE B SUMMARY OF OUTCOMES FOR ALL COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT BALLOT MEASURES BY TOPIC OF MEASURE AND COUNTY, 1998 EDUCATION LAND USE PUBLIC SAFETY GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT TRANSPOR- TATION PUBLIC FACILITIES GENERAL SERVICES SOCIAL SERVICES WATER USAGE/SVC. HOUSING OTHER ALL MEASURES Alameda Alpine Butte Calaveras Colusa Contra Costa Del Norte El Dorado Fresno Glenn Humboldt Imperial Kern Kings Lake Lassen Los Angeles Madera Marin Mariposa Mendocino Mono Monterey Napa Nevada Orange Placer COUNTY OFFICES AND BALLOT MEASURES PAGE 5

20 CALIFORNIA ELECTION OUTCOMES PAGE 6 TABLE B SUMMARY OF OUTCOMES FOR ALL COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT BALLOT MEASURES BY TOPIC OF MEASURE AND COUNTY, 1998 EDUCATION LAND USE PUBLIC SAFETY GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT TRANSPOR- TATION PUBLIC FACILITIES GENERAL SERVICES SOCIAL SERVICES WATER USAGE/SVC. HOUSING OTHER ALL MEASURES Riverside Sacramento San Benito San Bernardino San Diego San Francisco San Joaquin San Luis Obispo San Mateo Santa Barbara Santa Clara Santa Cruz Shasta Sierra Siskiyou Solano Sonoma Stanislaus Sutter Tehama Tulare Tuolumne Ventura Yolo Yuba All Counties

21 TABLE C SUMMARY OF ELECTION OUTCOMES FOR ALL COUNTY, CITY AND SCHOOL DISTRICT OFFICES, 1998 County Supervisor Other County Offices City Council Other City Offices School Board Member Total Percent N Percent N Percent N Percent N Percent N Percent N Incumbent Candidates Non- Incumbent Candidates Winning Candidates Losing Candidates All Candidates Win ,499 Lose Total ,755 Win ,210 Lose , ,537 Total , , ,747 Incumbent ,499 Non-Incumbent ,210 Total , ,709 Incumbent Non-Incumbent , ,537 Total , ,793 Incumbent ,755 Non-Incumbent , , ,747 Total , , , COUNTY OFFICES AND BALLOT MEASURES PAGE 7

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23 PART 1 VOTE TOTALS, ELECTION OUTCOMES AND TEXT FOR COUNTY BALLOT MEASURES

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25 TABLE 1.1 VOTE TOTALS FOR COUNTY BALLOT MEASURES BY COUNTY, 1998 VOTE IN TOTAL PERCENT PASS COUNTY DATE MEASURE TITLE TYPE OF MEASURE TOPIC OF MEASURE FAVOR VOTE OF VOTE OR FAIL ALAMEDA 6/2/98 Measure B Sales Tax Transport 153, , % Fail T ALPINE 6/2/98 Measure A Advisory Other % Pass AMADOR No county measures BUTTE 11/3/98 Measure H Advisory General Services: Sewage 7,220 13, % Pass CALAVERAS 11/3/98 Measure A Miscellaneous Tax Other: Tax Repeal/Reduction/Limit 8,079 15, % Fail T COLUSA 6/2/98 Measure A Ordinance General Services: Refuse Collection 1,988 3, % Pass 11/3/98 Measure B Ordinance Environment: Regulation 1,425 4, % Fail CONTRA COSTA 6/2/98 Measure A Sales Tax Facilities: Libraries 134, , % Fail T 11/3/98 Measure Q Gann Limit Other: Appropriation Limit Increase 2,528 4, % Fail T Measure S Ordinance Environment: Parks/Recreation 1,486 2, % Pass DEL NORTE 6/2/98 Measure B Sales Tax Facilities: Public Works 2,207 5, % Fail T 11/3/98 Measure A Sales Tax Environment: Parks/Recreation 3,354 7, % Fail T Measure B Sales Tax Facilities: Libraries 3,696 7, % Fail T EL DORADO 6/2/98 Measure A Ordinance Land Use: Zoning 18,057 39, % Fail Measure B Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 22,880 35, % Pass Measure C Charter Amendment Governance 19,697 32, % Pass Measure D Charter Amendment Governance 24,762 34, % Pass Measure E Charter Amendment Other: Noise/Nuisance Abatement 25,175 35, % Pass Measure F Charter Amendment Governance: Conracting/Leasing 24,942 35, % Pass Measure H Property Tax Transport: Roads % Fail T 7/21/98 Measure M Property Tax Transport: Roads % Pass T Measure N Property Tax Transport: Roads % Pass T Measure O Property Tax Transport: Roads % Pass T Measure P Property Tax Transport: Roads % Pass T 11/3/98 Measure G Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 25,218 50, % Fail Measure T Ordinance General Services: Refuse Collection 2,937 5, % Pass Measure V Charter Amendment Land Use: Growth Cap 18,472 52, % Fail Measure W Ordinance Environment: Regulation 20,364 54, % Fail Measure Y Ordinance Transport: Traffic Regulation/Reduction 32,847 53, % Pass 12/8/98 Measure X Property Tax General Services: Flood Control/Drainage % Pass T FRESNO 6/2/98 Measure B Sales Tax Facilities: Libraries 108, , % Pass T 11/3/98 Measure C Ordinance General Services: Graffiti Abatement % Pass GLENN 11/3/98 Measure U Miscellaneous Tax Other: Tax Creation/Increase/Continuation 2,448 7, % Fail HUMBOLDT 6/2/98 Measure A Sales Tax Facilities: Libraries 18,491 36, % Fail T IMPERIAL No county measures INYO No county measures T Measure required a two-thirds vote to pass. All other county measures required a majority vote COUNTY OFFICES AND BALLOT MEASURES PAGE 11

26 CALIFORNIA ELECTION OUTCOMES PAGE 12 TABLE 1.1 VOTE TOTALS FOR COUNTY BALLOT MEASURES BY COUNTY, 1998 VOTE IN TOTAL PERCENT PASS COUNTY DATE MEASURE TITLE TYPE OF MEASURE TOPIC OF MEASURE FAVOR VOTE OF VOTE OR FAIL KERN 6/2/98 Measure A Property Tax Other: Bond Interest Payment 923 1, % Fail T KINGS No county measures LAKE No county measures LASSEN No county measures LOS ANGELES No county measures MADERA No county measures 11/3/98 Measure E Ordinance General Services: Postal Services 1,323 1, % Pass Measure F Ordinance General Services: Landscape Maintenance 1,212 1, % Pass Measure G Ordinance Environment: Parks/Recreation 1,419 2, % Pass Measure H Property Tax Environment: Parks/Recreation 1,032 2, % Fail T Measure I Ordinance General Services: Graffiti Abatement 1,359 2, % Fail T MARIN 11/3/98 Measure A Advisory Transport: Mass Transit 58,707 92, % Pass MARIPOSA No county measures MENDOCINO No county measures MERCED No county measures MODOC No county measures Measure B Sales Tax General Services 39,263 92, % Fail MONO 6/2/98 Measure A Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 1,308 3, % Fail Measure B Miscellaneous Tax Other: Tax Creation/Increase/Continuation 1,474 3, % Fail MONTEREY 11/3/98 Measure N Sales Tax Transport: Roads 46,103 87, % Fail T NAPA 3/3/98 Measure A Sales Tax General Services: Flood Control/Drainage 19,107 28, % Pass T 7/28/98 Measure C Property Tax Safety: Fire 4,188 6, % Fail T 11/3/98 Measure D Ordinance Land Use: Zoning 21,309 40, % Pass NEVADA 6/2/98 Measure B Sales Tax Facilities: Libraries 21,598 31, % Pass T ORANGE 6/2/98 Measure B Property Tax Safety: Police % Pass T PLACER 6/2/98 Measure E Property Tax Transport: Roads % Pass T PLUMAS No county measures 11/3/98 Measure J Charter Amendment Governance: Benefits/Compensation 26,647 74, % Fail Measure L Miscellaneous Tax Other: Tax Creation/Increase/Continuation 9,863 30, % Fail T RIVERSIDE 6/2/98 Measure J Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 153, , % Pass Measure K Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 158, , % Pass Measure L Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 156, , % Pass SACRAMENTO 6/2/98 Measure D Charter Amendment Governance: Personnel/Labor Relations 131, , % Pass Measure E Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 117, , % Pass Measure J Property Tax Safety: Private Security 1,349 1, % Pass T Measure K Property Tax General Services: Flood Control/Drainage 1,398 1, % Pass T 11/3/98 Measure M Sales Tax Safety 103, , % Fail

27 TABLE 1.1 VOTE TOTALS FOR COUNTY BALLOT MEASURES BY COUNTY, 1998 VOTE IN TOTAL PERCENT PASS COUNTY DATE MEASURE TITLE TYPE OF MEASURE TOPIC OF MEASURE FAVOR VOTE OF VOTE OR FAIL SAN BENITO 6/2/98 Measure I Sales Tax Facilities: Libraries 6,054 10, % Fail T 11/3/98 Measure J Sales Tax Transport: Roads 7,153 12, % Fail T SAN BERNARDINO 6/2/98 Measure F Property Tax Other: Revenue Use/Limits % Fail T 11/3/98 Measure P Property Tax Other: Tax Creation/Increase/Continuation % Pass T SAN DIEGO 6/2/98 Measure C Property Tax Safety: Communication Systems 84, , % Fail T Measure D Property Tax Safety: Communication Systems 43,256 77, % Fail T Measure E Property Tax Safety: Communication Systems 9,661 16, % Fail T Measure F Property Tax Safety: Communication Systems 896 1, % Pass T Measure G Property Tax Safety: Communication Systems 5,921 11, % Fail T Measure H Property Tax Safety: Communication Systems 1,636 2, % Fail T Measure J Property Tax Safety: Communication Systems 6,794 9, % Pass T Measure K Property Tax Safety: Communication Systems 4,599 7, % Fail T Measure L Property Tax Safety: Communication Systems 2,262 3, % Pass T 11/3/98 Measure A Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 331, , % Pass Measure B Initiative Land Use: Zoning 251, , % Fail Measure DD Property Tax Safety: Fire % Fail T SAN FRANCISCO 6/2/98 Measure A GO Bond Facilities: Museum/Cultural/Comm Ctrs 118, , % Fail T Measure B Charter Amendment Governance: Benefits/Compensation 105, , % Pass Measure C Utility Tax Other: Revenue Use/Limits 64, , % Fail Measure D Charter Amendment Environment: Funding 107, , % Pass Measure E Ordinance Housing: Rent Control 70, , % Fail Measure F Ordinance Facilities: Administrative 102, , % Pass Measure G Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 78, , % Fail Measure H Ordinance General Services 100, , % Pass Measure I Ordinance Facilities: Administrative 106, , % Pass Measure J Ordinance Land Use: Private Projects 104, , % Pass Measure K Initiative Land Use: Military Base 93, , % Pass Measure L Policy/Position Land Use 93, , % Pass 11/3/98 Measure A Ordinance Governance: Benefits/Compensation 125, , % Pass Measure B Ordinance Other 118, , % Pass Measure C Ordinance Governance: Benefits/Compensation 132, , % Pass Measure D Ordinance Transport 143, , % Pass Measure E Ordinance Transport: Roads 115, , % Pass Measure F Miscellaneous Tax Other: Tax Creation/Increase/Continuation 150, , % Pass Measure G Ordinance Housing 121, , % Pass Measure H Miscellaneous Tax Other: Tax Creation/Increase/Continuation 180, , % Pass Measure I Policy/Position Transport: Mass Transit 131, , % Pass Measure J Policy/Position Social Services 140, , % Pass 1998 COUNTY OFFICES AND BALLOT MEASURES PAGE 13

28 CALIFORNIA ELECTION OUTCOMES PAGE 14 TABLE 1.1 VOTE TOTALS FOR COUNTY BALLOT MEASURES BY COUNTY, 1998 VOTE IN TOTAL PERCENT PASS COUNTY DATE MEASURE TITLE TYPE OF MEASURE TOPIC OF MEASURE FAVOR VOTE OF VOTE OR FAIL SAN JOAQUIN 6/2/98 Measure A Charter Amendment Governance: Term Limits 59,016 83, % Pass T SAN LUIS OBISPO 11/3/98 Measure M-98 Sales Tax Facilities: Health Facilities 39,715 81, % Fail T SAN MATEO No county measures SANTA BARBARA 11/3/98 Measure K98 Initiative Land Use: Zoning 53, , % Fail Measure O98 Initiative Land Use: Zoning 40, , % Fail SANTA CLARA 6/2/98 Measure A Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 128, , % Pass SANTA CRUZ No county measures SHASTA No county measures SIERRA No county measures SISKIYOU No county measures 11/3/98 Measure A Ordinance Housing: Affordable 221, , % Pass Measure B Charter Amendment Other 182, , % Pass Measure C Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 180, , % Pass Measure D Charter Amendment Governance: Organization 133, , % Fail Measure E Charter Amendment Governance: Term Limits 169, , % Pass Measure F Charter Amendment Governance: Elections 158, , % Pass SOLANO 6/2/98 Measure B Sales Tax Facilities: Libraries 47,712 70, % Pass T 11/3/98 Measure F Advisory Transport 66,856 87, % Pass SONOMA 11/3/98 Measure B Advisory Transport 104, , % Pass STANISLAUS No county measures Measure C Sales Tax General Services 68, , % Fail Measure D Ordinance Land Use: Zoning 106, , % Pass SUTTER 6/2/98 Measure II Ordinance General Services: Flood Control/Drainage 12,074 18, % Fail T TEHAMA No county measures TRINITY No county measures TULARE No county measures TUOLUMNE No county measures 11/3/98 Measure JJ Ordinance General Services: Flood Control/Drainage 13,546 21, % Fail T VENTURA 11/3/98 Measure A Advisory Land Use: Open Space 132, , % Pass Measure B Ordinance Land Use: Open Space 120, , % Pass YOLO 6/2/98 Measure J Ordinance Governance: Organization 13,126 34, % Fail YUBA 1/27/98 Measure R Ordinance Land Use: Zoning 7,052 8, % Pass 11/3/98 Measure N Miscellaneous Tax Other: Tax Creation/Increase/Continuation 4,769 12, % Fail T

29 1998 COUNTY OFFICES AND BALLOT MEASURES PAGE 15 TABLE 1.2 TEXT FOR COUNTY BALLOT MEASURES BY COUNTY, 1998 ALAMEDA 6/2/98 Measure B Fail (2/3 required) Shall Alameda County voters authorize a 15-year extension of the 1/2 cent sales tax to fund the following transportation projects: expand BART; increase AC Transit, bus, rail and ferry service; maintain local streets; I-880/ I-680/ I-580/ I-238 improvements; Altamont Commuter Rail; Pedestrian and bicycle access and safety; transit services for seniors and persons with disabilities. All geographic areas shall receive their fair share of revenues. Expenditures shall be audited by a Citizens Watchdog Committee. ALPINE 6/2/98 Measure A Pass Shall the Board of Supervisors of the County of Alpine, State of California, urge the Governor of the State of California and the California State Legislature to authorize the California Department of Conservation Camp in Alpine County, for the purpose of housing only nonviolent criminals, in a location acceptable to the Board of Supervisors; and to expeditiously solicit the necessary funding for construction of said Conservation Camp from the California State Legislature? BUTTE 11/3/98 Measure H Pass Groundwater nitrate contamination in the Chico area is considered a serious health issue. The State of California has ordered over 7,000 residences to eliminate their septic systems. Connecting these properties to the City of Chico's sewer system without mandatory annexation is a solution. These residents would pay their costs and City residents would not incur any costs. Should the residents affected by the order be required to annex to the City of Chico in order to connect to the sewer system? CALAVERAS 11/3/98 Measure A Fail (2/3 required) Shall the County Transient Occupancy Tax Ordinance be amended effective January 1, 1999 to increase the rate of tax from six percent (6%) to eight percent (8%) and to allocate the proceeds equally with one-third (1/3) going to the County Road Fund for improvement and maintenance of County roads, one-third (1/3) going to programs that exclusively promote county-wide tourism, and one-third (1/3) going to the County General Fund? COLUSA 6/2/98 Measure A Pass Shall the 1989 Colusa County General Plan governing approval of solid waste disposal facilities be amended? COLUSA 11/3/98 Measure B Fail Shall the Ordinance amending the 1989 Colusa County General Plan Governing Landfill Regulations and Siting be adopted? CONTRA COSTA 6/2/98 Measure A Fail (2/3 required) To maintain and improve local neighborhood libraries by buying books, educational materials, technology and computers; to increase and make more consistent the number of hours local libraries will be open; to improve educational programs for children, adults and seniors and to maintain, improve and expand community libraries, shall Ordinance 98-8 of the Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors be approved to impose a sales tax at the rate of one-eighth of one percent? CONTRA COSTA 11/3/98 Measure Q Fail (2/3 required) Shall the appropriations limit under California Article XIII-B for County Service Area R-7A be increased to $500,000 and adjusted for changes in the cost-of-living and population, with the increase effective for the fiscal years 1998/99 through 2001/2002 (inclusive) to provide for the expenditure of funds that will be available to the Service Area during the stated fiscal years? CONTRA COSTA 11/3/98 Measure S Pass Shall the Discovery Bay Community Services District adopt the additional purpose of providing for public recreation, including, but not limited to, aquatic parks and recreational harbors, equestrian trails, playgrounds, golf courses, swimming pools, or recreational buildings? DEL NORTE 6/2/98 Measure B Fail (2/3 required) Shall the County impose a retail sales tax of one-quarter percent for a period of ten years, effective July 1, 1998, in order to raise revenue for essential County public services? DEL NORTE 11/3/98 Measure A Fail (2/3 required) Shall the County impose a retail sales tax of one-quarter percent for a period of ten years, effective January 1, 1999 in order to raise revenue to support youth and adult recreation programs and community parks and recreation facilities? DEL NORTE 11/3/98 Measure B Fail (2/3 required) Shall the Del Norte County Public Library Transactions and Use Tax Ordinance, Chapter 3.05 of the Del Norte County Code be approved? EL DORADO 6/2/98 Measure A Fail Shall Measure A, which would make various amendments to the El Dorado County General Plan with regard to allowable densities for residential development and would add Section 16.12/031 to the El Dorado County Ordinance Code relating to findings required in connection with approvals of final subdivisions maps be adopted? EL DORADO 6/2/98 Measure B Pass Shall Measure B, which would amend Section 210.a(3) of the El Dorado County Charter to reflect the fact that the positions of Superior Court Executive Officer and Municipal Court Executive Officer have been combined in the single position of Court Executive Officer, and to specify that, except when otherwise provided by charter, federal or state law, members of appointed county boards and commissions shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Supervisors, be adopted? EL DORADO 6/2/98 Measure C Pass

30 PAGE 16 CALIFORNIA ELECTION OUTCOMES TABLE 1.2 TEXT FOR COUNTY BALLOT MEASURES BY COUNTY, 1998 Shall Measure C, which would amend Section 210.a(9) of the El Dorado County Charter relating to the format to be used by the county and all county officers in responding to reports of the Grand Jury, be adopted? EL DORADO 6/2/98 Measure D Pass Shall Measure D, which would amend Section 210.a of the El Dorado County Charter by adding subsection 210.a(12) which would require adoption of policy and procedures for the wide distribution of the Grand Jury Final Report and the Board of Supervisors Response to the report, be adopted? EL DORADO 6/2/98 Measure E Pass Shall Measure E, which would amend Section 210.c of the El Dorado County Charter to harmonize its provisions with those of Proposition 218 which was adopted by the voters of the State of California in November of 1996, relating to required voter or property owner approval of new or increased benefit assessments on real property, be adopted? EL DORADO 6/2/98 Measure F Pass Shall Measure F, which would amend Section 210.b(6) of the El Dorado County Charter relating to the findings required in connection with the approval of contracts by the county for the performance of work by independent contractors, be adopted? EL DORADO 6/2/98 Measure H Fail (2/3 required) Shall the Board of Directors of the Golden West Community Services District be authorized to increase the present tax of $ per year by $ per year for a total not to exceed $240.00, and to annually tax each parcel within the District said amount of $ for the improvement and maintenance of roadways and easements within the District, and for other lawful purposes of the District? EL DORADO 7/21/98 Measure M Pass (2/3 required) Shall an annual special tax be levied in an amount of not more than $ on each parcel of real property commencing with fiscal year and each year thereafter? (Holly Drive Road Zone Benefit #11) EL DORADO 7/21/98 Measure N Pass (2/3 required) Shall an annual special tax be levied in an amount of not more than $ on each parcel of real property commencing with fiscal year and each year thereafter? (Fernwood Cothrin Road Zone Benefit #14) EL DORADO 7/21/98 Measure O Pass (2/3 required) Shall an annual special tax be levied in the amounts as shown on Exhibit A on each parcel of real property commencing with fiscal year 1998/99 and each year thereafter? (Green Valley Oaks Road Zone Benefit #69) EL DORADO 7/21/98 Measure P Pass (2/3 required) Shall an annual special tax be levied in an amount of not more than $ on each parcel of real property commencing with fiscal year and each year thereafter? (Rolling Ranch Road Zone Benefit #40) EL DORADO 11/3/98 Measure G Fail Shall Measure Y ( The Control Traffic Congestion Initiative ) be adopted, which would add five policies to the El Dorado County General Plan related to: (I) maintenance of specified levels of service on roads in unincorporated areas of the county; (ii) a requirement that new development fully fund roadway capacity improvements needed to offset the traffic impacts of new development projects; and, (iii) establishment of a requirement of voter approval prior to the expenditure of County tax revenues to pay for road capacity improvements to mitigate impacts of new development? EL DORADO 11/3/98 Measure T Pass Shall Measure G be adopted, which would amend Section 403e of the El Dorado County Charter to remove the office of Public Administrator from the currently combined elected office of Sheriff/Coroner/Public Administrator, and to make the office of Public Administrator a separate appointed office of the County? EL DORADO 11/3/98 Measure V Fail Should the El Dorado County Board of Supervisors include the Tahoe West Shore Area (Franchise Area No. 4) within the mandatory residential refuse collection provisions of the El Dorado County Ordinance Code, which would require, subject to limited exceptions, that improved residential property have and pay for at least "one can" of refuse collection service? EL DORADO 11/3/98 Measure W Fail Shall Measure V be adopted, which would amend the El Dorado County General Plan to add an objective of limiting the total county-wide population to 260,000 people? EL DORADO 11/3/98 Measure Y Pass Shall Measure W ( El Dorado County Streams and Rivers Preservation Act ) be adopted, which would add Section to the El Dorado County Ordinance Code to: (1) reduce current levels of commercial rafting operations on the South Fork of the American River by imposing an annual limit of 45,820 user days; and, (2) include all institutional and not-for-profit groups within the definition of commercial rafting operations? EL DORADO 12/8/98 Measure X Pass (2/3 required) Shall an annual special tax be levied in an amount of not more than $ on each developable parcel of real property within the boundaries of the zone as