Cover Page. The following handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation:

Transcription

1 Cover Page The following handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation: Author: Tol, J.J.S. van den Title: Lobbying in Company: Mechanisms of political decision-making and economic interests in the history of Dutch Brazil, Issue Date:

2 Lobbying in Company Mechanisms of political decision-making and economic interests in the history of Dutch Brazil, PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College van Promoties te verdedigen op dinsdag 20 maart 2018 klokke 16:15 uur door Joris Job Sebastiaan van den Tol geboren te Rotterdam in 1987

3 Promotores: Promotiecommissie: prof. dr. C.A.P. Antunes prof. dr. W. Klooster (Clark University) prof. dr. E. Amann dr. M. De Campos Françozo prof. dr. M. van Groesen prof. dr. G.H. Janssen (Universiteit van Amsterdam) dr. A.J.A.M. Schuurman (Wageningen Universiteit) dr. G. Vermeesch (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) Dit proefschrift is tot stand gekomen mede dankzij financiering van het NWO-project Challenging Monopolies aan de Universiteit Leiden, het Leids Universiteits Fonds, en Fulbright.

4 To my mother

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6 Table of contents LIST OF TABLES... IV LIST OF FIGURES... IV ABBREVIATIONS... V 0. INTRODUCTION LOBBYING CONCEPTS DEBATES Interest groups Organization The Atlantic SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY LOBBYING FOR THE CREATION OF THE WIC THE DUTCH REPUBLIC The cities Provincial States States General The Stadtholders Conflicting powers THE WEST INDIA COMPANY Willem Usselincx The lay-out of the WIC BRAZIL CONCLUSION LOBBYING IN BRAZIL / : AD HOC SOLUTIONS : CONSOLIDATION AND A PRINCE IN THE TROPICS The Diet as a colonial tool The Brazilian Diet of The 81 petitions of August Petitions for regulations RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS The power of the church SLAVERY Access to institutions for non-europeans THE POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCE OF TOP-DOWN DECISION-MAKING Johan Maurits reaction The Reactions from the Council of Justice and the ministers CONCLUSION i

7 3. TRADING REGULATIONS OR FREE TRADE THE OPENING MOVES SELECTING THE PLAYING FIELD MAKING IT COUNT MAKING IT COUNT EVEN MORE THE ROLE OF THE AMSTERDAM CITY COUNCIL DELAYING A DECISION LOBBYING TO AND FROM THE COLONY CONCLUSION PETITIONING THE PUBLIC SPHERE WHAT IS THE PUBLIC SPHERE? THE DUTCH PUBLIC SPHERE Pamphlets and Dutch Brazil PETITIONS AND PUBLIC OPINION Printed petitions MULTIPLE SIGNATURES ON PETITIONS Group petitions to the States General MANAGING INFORMATION OF THE REVOLT IN BRAZIL PETITIONING THE PUBLIC SPHERE ON BRAZIL PETITIONING THE PUBLIC SPHERE ON THE ATLANTIC Other forms of signatures CONCLUSION PERSONAL CONNECTIONS AND DIRECT LOBBYING PERSONAL CONNECTIONS AND SOCIETAL CAPITAL APPOINTING A NEW HIGH GOVERNMENT IN BRAZIL BACKGROUND ISSUES Peace negotiations in Münster A Frisian chamber in the WIC CONTROL OF INFORMATION PERSONAL RELATIONS CONCLUSION THE LAST HOPE, THE SECOND BATTLE OF GUARARAPES WHY WAS BRAZIL LOST? THE DELEGATES FROM BRAZIL REQUESTING A RESOLUTION FROM THE STATES GENERAL A DELEGATION TO FRIESLAND The report from the Friesland commission SPEEDING UP THE ADMIRALTIES SEIZING MOMENTUM PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE IT IS ALL ABOUT THE MONEY ii

8 It is about the people THE LOSS OF BRAZIL CONCLUSION LOBBYING FOR MONEY IN THE AFTERMATH OF DUTCH BRAZIL RETURN TO THE REPUBLIC CLAIMING WAGES TRAVEL PENNIES SHARED FEATURES THE PRINTED PETITION FROM THE ARMY CONCLUSION MAKING THE COMPANY WORK MANUSCRIPT SOURCES SECONDARY LITERATURE AND PUBLISHED SOURCES SUMMARY IN DUTCH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CURRICULUM VITAE iii

9 List of Tables Table 1-1: Stadtholders in the Dutch Republic, Table 2-1: Property auction prices Recife / Mauritsstad September Table 3-1: Representatives of the WIC chamber of Amsterdam to the States General in January Table 3-2: Competing calculations for economic policy in Table 3-3: Sugar prices in the Dutch Republic with East Indian sugar as a comparison Table 3-4: Familial connections to the two main chartered companies for Amsterdam Burgomasters ( ) Table 6-1: Requests sent to the States General by the delegates of Brazil Table 6-2: Subsidies for Brazil by the States General List of Figures Figure 1-1: The institutional basis of the Republic after Figure 1-2: The provinces, voting cities, and Generality Lands of the Republic of the United Provinces in Figure 1-3: Percentage of survived Dutch language pamphlets dealing with war and peace 37 Figure 1-4: The governance structure of the West India Company Figure 2-1: Examples of markings on sugar crates with from left to right: WIC, variety of producers, and Gaspar Dias Fereira on the ship Soutberg in Figure 3-1: The call option for WIC shares in Figure 4-1: Front and back of the petition requesting a place for the Remonstrant's religion with around 250 signatures Figure 4-2: Portrait of Hartman Hartmansz holding a piece of paper as part of Rembrandt's The Anatomy Lesson of dr. Nicolaes Tulp, Oil on canvas, 1632 (Mauritshuis) Figure 4-3: The 92 signatures in a round-robin supplied on 15-Oct Figure 4-4: A less organized round-robin Figure 7-1: Sixteen signatures on the petition on 3 December iv

10 Abbreviations BMGN EIC NL-HaNA NL-UtHUA NL-AsdSAA NL NNBW TSEG US-nar VOC VRBM WIC Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis van de Nederlanden English East India Company Nationaal Archief, The Hague, The Netherlands Het Utrechts Archief, Utrecht, The Netherlands Stadsarchief, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tresoar, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Nieuw Nederlands Biografisch Woordenboek Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis New York State Archives, Albany, NY, United States Dutch East India Company Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscript Dutch West India Company v

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