Building Trust In Government

Transcription

1 Building Trust In Government By G. Shabbir Cheema Principal Adviser and Programme Director Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations, New York 1

2 Trust: The Foundation of Good Governance The recent 2005 World Summit Outcome Document emphasized the importance of centrality of governance capacity development in multiple contexts, including the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, the promotion of economic growth, and economic development. Good Governance and effective public administration are necessary condition to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). 2

3 Trust: The Pillar of Good Governance Key components of good governance are public sector capacity; decentralization and local governance; e-governance; e electoral and parliamentary processes; accountability and transparency of governance; government, civil society and private sector partnerships; and social trust. 3

4 Governance Challenges in Crisis and Post-Crisis Situation Strengthening the institutions and processes of governance is an important tool for conflict prevention, recovery and reconciliation. In nations facing crisis and post-crisis situations, building trust towards government should be of primary importance. 4

5 Trust: The Pillar of Good Governance One of the challenges of good governance throughout the world is that people are losing confidence in the ability of democratic institutions to ensure economic stability and access to employment opportunities and services. 5

6 Building Trust in Government The Global Forum on Reinventing Government has been one of the most significant international conference to address the need for improvements in governance. In 2005, the 6th Forum was hosted by the Republic of Korea. The theme was Reinventing Government: Toward Participatory and Transparent Governance. 6

7 Building Trust in Government Hosted by the first time by the United Nations, the 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government will offer plenary sessions, workshops and meetings designed to contribute to the MDGs, by strengthening state capacity and improving the quality of governance. 7

8 Trust in Government Effective Policy and Implementation Mechanisms Leadership Commitment Trust in Government Popular Participation Effective Democratic Governance Public Sector Capacity Decentralization and Local Governance Service Delivery and Access The Electoral and Parliamentary Process Civil Society Engagement and Partnerships Transparent Governance and Access to Information Conflict Management & Recovery 8

9 List of Surveys on Trust in Government N. Survey Source Period Coverage 1. Declining Public Trust Foremost a Leadership Problem World Economic Forum 2003 Group of 20 countries (n = 1,000 per country) 2. Trends in Democracy World Economic Forum countries N=50000 total of 20,791 interviews 3. Trust in Governments, Corporations and Global Institutions Continues to Decline World Economic Forum 2006 across 20 countries (n = 1,000 in most countries 4. Public Mistrust in Governments Edelman's Trust Barometer Survey 2005 (presente d January 2006) 20,791 interviews with citizens across 20 countries (n = 1,000 in most countries) 9

10 List of Surveys on Trust in Government N. Survey Source Period Coverage 5. South Eastern Europe: New Means for Regional Analysis SEEDS ,000 face-to to-face interviews Nation Poll Finds Strong Global Consensus: Support for Free Market System, But also More Regulation of Large Companies World Public Opinion countries, poll of 20,791 individuals 7. Building the Trust Accenture countries 8. Public Confidence, Trust and Participation In Post- soviet Central Asia Asia Barometer 2005 Most Central Asian countries (except Turkmenistan) 10

11 List of Surveys on Trust in Government N. Survey Source Period Coverage 9. Lower Support for Democracy Latinobarometro 2005 Latin America Countries (18) 10. Poll of 18 African Countries Finds All Support Democracy, Afro barometer World Public Opinion 2005 African Countries (18) 11. Australians Use of and Satisfaction with e-government Services Australian Government Information Management Office (AGIMO) 2006 National Survey 12. Survey reveals global dissatisfaction BBC and Gallup International Countries 11

12 List of Surveys on Trust in Government N. Survey Source Period Coverage 13. Your Voice on e-government 2010 European Commission citizens and organizations across Europe 14. Attitudes to e-government increasingly different in France, Germany and the UK TNS Sofres for Cap Gemini France 2004 France (1000 Citizen), Allemagne (517 Citizen), et Grande- Bretagne (617 Citizen) 15. E-government Readiness Profile of UN Member States UNPAN member state 16. New survey finds strong public support for ID cards in the UK UK- MORI 2004 About 80% of the population is in favor of an ID card scheme 12

13 List of Surveys on Trust in Government N. Survey Source Period Coverage 17. National/Local Corruption Diagnostics and Measurement Tools in Africa UNDP and Transparency International measurement tools in 25 African countries 18. Corruption and Governance Measurement Tools in Latin American countries UNDP and Transparency International 2006 The mapping covers close to 100 tools in 17 countries in Latin America 19. Global Corruption Barometer 2005 Transparency International 2005 Public Opinion Survey of about 55,000 people in 69 low, middle, and high-income income countries. The Barometer now encompasses almost 70 countries. 13

14 Surveys on Trust in Government For the purpose of this presentation, focus has been centered on surveys in the following five specific areas. 14

15 Surveys on Trust and Mistrust in Institutions: : Main Findings Trust in a range of institutions has dropped significantly since January Regional Barometer Surveys (Latinobarometer( Latinobarometer, Afrobarometer,, etc.) confirm that parliaments as an institution do not stand high in public esteem, though there are significant regional differences, and that party, parliament and court have less confidence. Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union,

16 Surveys on Trust and Mistrust in Institutions: : Main Findings Trust in National Institutions: Regional Averages Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union,

17 Surveys on Trust and Mistrust in Institutions: : Main Findings From the Edelman s Survey conducted among 2,000 opinion leaders in the United States (400), China (200), the UK, France, Germany, Spain and Italy (150 each) Canada, Brazil, Japan and South Korea (150 each) has emerged that trust in business, government and the media is lower in Europe than in any other country or region. 17

18 Surveys on Trust and Mistrust in Institutions: : Main Findings Trust in Institutions 2005: Global Tell me how much you TRUST each institution to do what is right.? Business Government Media 45% 35% 36% 43% 48% 42% 34% 27% 31% 44% 54% 33% 46% 28% 31% 32% 63% 67% Trust is high in the U.S.: Highest in Brazil and China Brazil Canada China Europe Japan U.S. NGOs 36% 45% 42% 57% 55% 65% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 3 So urce : E del ma n A n nu al T rust B aro met er, Ja n 05 18

19 Surveys on Support for Democracy: : Main Findings Democracy is alive and well, according to results from Voice of the People 2005, a regular Gallup International global survey, conducted across more than 65 countries and which interviewed over 50,000 people between May and July 2005, and represents the views of more than 1.3 billion global citizens. A majority supports democracy as the best system of government and is satisfied with it. 19

20 Surveys on Support for Democracy: : Main Findings Latinobarometro Polls taken in 18 countries suggests that only about half of Latin Americans are convinced democrats and only one in three is satisfied with the way their democracy works in practice. 20

21 Surveys on Support for Democracy: : Main Findings The State is viewed with both expectation and distrust. While 43.9% believe that economic development is more important than democracy, 35.8% prefer democracy to other forms of government to achieve development. Support for democracy is lower in a dozen countries today than in Nevertheless, the poll suggests a growing resilience in Latin American democracy. 21

22 Surveys on Support for Democracy: : Main Findings A Poll of 18 African Countries (Afrobarometer) Finds all Support Democracy ; Africans strongly support democracy, despite frustration in some countries with unfair elections, corruption and unresponsive political leaders. 22

23 Surveys on Trust and Mistrust in e-government: Main Findings Governments have made rapid progress worldwide in embracing ICT technologies for e-government e in the past years (UNPAN, 2005). As e-government e services have continued to expand around the world, website assessment in 2005 indicates that most UN Member States have embraced electronic service delivery. Of the 191 Member States, 179 were online in some form or another in 2005 compared to 178 in 2004 and 143 Member States in Positive trends of e-government foster less corruption, more transparency, greater convenience, efficiency, revenue growth and legitimacy. 23

24 Surveys on Corruption and Governance: : Main Findings The findings of the Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2005 are an indictment of political and justice systems around the world. Citizens in the countries surveyed ranked political parties, parliaments, the police, and the judiciary as the most corrupt institutions in their societies. s. Corruption Perceptions Index 2005 Source: Transparency International,

25 Surveys on Corruption and Governance: : Main Findings Sectors and Institutions Most Affected by Corruption Political parties Parliament/Legislatur Police Legal Business/Private Tax revenue Customs Media Medical services Utilities Education system Military Registry and permit NGOs Religious bodies Source: Global Corruption Barometer

26 Surveys on Trust in Government: Conclusion Surveys reveal global dissatisfaction with modern government: 65% in Western Europe, 73% in Eastern and Central Europe (worrying that post-communist governments have not done that well), 60% in North America, 61% in Africa, 65% in Asia- Pacific, and 69% % in Latin America (BBC/Gallup International, 2005). In order to build public trust, the government has to be credible. e. Citizens must consider their governments worthy of the trust they place in them. Key elements to successful trust include methods and techniques of establishing, developing, and reinforcing trust by means of reconciliation and other participatory mechanisms allowing citizens to get closer to each other and government. 26

27 Thank you for your time! 27