PAPI 2010 HA TINH PROFILE. The Viet Nam Governance and Public Administration Performance Index. Introduction: What is PAPI?

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1 The Viet Nam Governance and Public Administration Performance Index PAPI 2 HA TINH PROFILE Introduction: What is PAPI? Contents Introduction: What is PAPI? Overall PAPI scores for Dimensional Performance of o Participation at the local level o Transparency o Vertical Accountability o Control of Corruption o Public Administrative Procedures o Public Service Delivery PAPI and Human Development The Viet Nam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index (PAPI) is a policy monitoring instrument developed collaboratively by the Viet Nam Fatherland Front (VFF), the Center for Community Support and Development Studies (CECODES) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). PAPI provides objective and evidence-based measures, based on citizens experiences and direct interactions, of the standards of provincial level governance, public administration, and public services performance. PAPI measures the performance of provinces in six key dimensions: (i) Participation at the local levels; (ii) Transparency; (iii) Vertical Accountability; (iv) Control of Corruption; (v) Public Administrative Procedures; and (vi) Public Service Delivery. Having grown out of a 29 pilot in three provinces including Phu Tho, Da Nang and Dong Thap, in 2 PAPI was implemented in 3 provinces and reflects on the direct experiences of 5,568 randomly selected citizens across the country on various aspects of local governance and public administration Through a range of indicators, similar to a dashboard instrument, the findings present a comprehensive and evidence-based assessment of performance levels of provincial authorities on six dimensions of governance and public administration. Overall PAPI scores for is assessed by citizens as a top performance above the 75th percentile of PAPI 2. In particular, in this assessment, based on objective citizens experiences, seems to perform particularly well in terms of participation, accountability, public administrative services and public service provision, but there is room for improvement in terms of transparency and control of corruption. is one of the 3 provinces selected in 2. The sampling of the provinces and their sub-administration units at district, commune and village level was done in compliance with modern computer-based sampling procedures by international standards to ensure the rigor; objectivity and scientific nature of PAPI (see more details in Chapter 3, PAPI 2 Report). In the survey was conducted in three districts, six representative communes and 2 representative villages. After selection of villages, 3 citizens were randomly selected from household registration lists, among which 2 were on the original and on replacement lists, in order to engage from each village between 8-2 citizens for interviews. The response rate for in PAPI 2 was 82%, with 97 out of the expected total number of 24 citizens being interviewed. 52.3% are male and 47.7& female, with an average age of 38 years for respondents. Findings for are encouraging. On the aggregated un-weighted index (see p. ), is among the top performing provinces (or among the top quintile) including HCMC, Da Nang, Binh Dinh and Thua Thien-Hue. At the dimensional level, is assessed by citizens to be performing well in the dimensions about participation at local levels, vertical accountability, public administrative procedures and public service delivery. Nevertheless, PAPI 2 findings indicate that needs to have improvement in the areas of transparency and control of corruption. Graphs and tables below present a fuller picture of strengths and weaknesses of from citizens assessment of the province s performance in governance and public administration.

2 TRANG 2 Dimensional Performance of Compared with other 29 provinces, ranks second in the composite un-weighted PAPI index. Its strengths seem to be in terms of participation at local levels (D), vertical accountability (D3), public administrative services (D5) and public service provision (D6). On vertical accountability in particular, gains the highest score. Still, there is room for to improve in terms of transparency (D2) and control of corruption (D4). province in comparative perspective D. Participation at local levels D6. Public Service Delivery D2. Transparency D5. Public Administrative Procedures D3. Vertical Accountability D4. Control of Corruption D. Participation at local levels D2. Transparency D3. Vertical Accountability D4. Control of Corruption D5. Public Administrative Procedures D6. Public Service Delivery PAPI composite (unweighted) (Hải Dương) (HCMC) (Hà Tĩnh) (HCMC) (Bình Phước) (Hải Phòng) (HCMC) (Phú Thọ) (Cao Bằng) (Hải Phòng) (Lai Châu) (Đak Lak) (Hải Dương) (Phú Thọ) (Lạng Sơn) (Kon Tum) (Yên Bái) (Kon Tum) (Cà Mau) (Lai Châu) (Kon Tum) PAPI2 2

3 TRANG 3 Dimension : Participation at Local Levels In this dimension,, according the citizens assessment, has performed well in ensuring quality of elections of village heads, and enabling citizens to make their own decision in contributing to public works projects at the commune and village levels. In both sub-dimensions, scores almost close to the highest scores of Hai Duong. also scores relatively high in aspects of citizens knowledge of the defined term of a village head and which positions in the state apparatus are subject to elections. However, needs to give more leverage for citizens to make use of their participation opportunities, given its score being close to the median score of Hung Yen. - Dimension : Participation at Local Levels Voluntary Contributions Civic Knowledge Participation Opportunities Elections Quality Civic Knowledge Participation Elections Voluntary Opportunities Quality Contributions (Đà Nẵng) (Hải Dương) (Hải Dương) (Hải Dương) (Hà Nam) (Hưng Yên) (Điện Biên) (Cao Bằng) (Lai Châu) (Lạng Sơn) (Lạng Sơn) (Phú Yên) PAPI2 3

4 TRANG 4 Dimension 2: Transparency From citizens assessment, does pretty well in informing citizens of annual commune budget revenue and expenditure. On poverty list transparency, scores close to the median score of Dien Bien, and a little higher than Kon Tum whose score is at the lowest. Similarly, on transparency in land use plan and pricing, the score Ha Tin gains is close to the median score of Phu Tho, and is farely higher than the lowest score of Kon Tum. Transparency is a dimension where more efforts from are needed to have a higher aggregate index. - Dimension 2: Transparency Poverty Lists Land Use Plan/Pricing Communal Budgets Poverty Lists Communal Budgets Land Use Plan/Pricing (Đà Nẵng) (HCMC) (HCMC) (Điện Biên) (Cà Mau) (Phú Thọ) (Kon Tum) (Yên Bái) (Kon Tum) PAPI2 4

5 TRANG 5 Dimension 3: Vertical Accountability Vertical accountability seems to be s strength. PAPI 2 findings show that obtains the highest scores in indicators regarding citizens awareness of the existence of Community Supervision Boards in their communes and citizens good assessment of the Boards operation. citizens tend to be satisfied with the results of their interactions with local authorities when they have personal, family concerns or concerns with local authorities. also scores relatively high regarding the coverage and effect of People s Inspection Boards. In all three sub-dimensions, scores in the top ranks, suggesting a great deal of room for the province to share and disseminate it practices in these areas with other less performing provinces.. - Dimension 3: Vertical Accountability Interaction w local authorities Community Investment Boards People's Inspection Boards Interaction with local People's Inspection Community Investment authorities Boards Boards (Hậu Giang) (Hải Dương) (Hà Tĩnh) (Bình Định) (Vĩnh Long) (Hà Nam) (Hà Nội) (Lạng Sơn) (Lạng Sơn) PAPI2 5

6 TRANG 6 Dimension 4: Control of Corruption Control of corruption tends to be the area of special focus for when compared with other measured dimensions and other provinces. This is an interesting performance considering citizens of tend to believe that the provincial authorities have willingness to fight against corruption, and rate relatively high on limits on public sector corruption. In particular, nepotism in employment of civil servants and public employees seems to be problematic from citizens points of view. gains only.54 points in the subdimension of Equity in Employment, much lower than the top province, Long An, and slightly higher than that of the lowest score by Dien Bien. In citizens assessment, petty corruption in public services in is relatively common, evident in the low score gains. - Dimension 4: Control of Corruption Willingness to Fight Corruption Limits on Public Sector Corruption Limits on Corruption in Public Service Delivery Equity in Employment Limits on Public Limits on Public Equity in Willingness to Sector Corruption Sector Corruption Employment Fight Corruption (TP. HCM) (Long An) (Long An) (Đồng Nai) (Lai Châu) (Đak Lak) (Lạng Sơn) (Hưng Yên) (Kon Tum) (Điện Biên) (Điện Biên) (Yên Bái) PAPI2 6

7 TRANG 7 Dimension 5: Public Administrative Procedures citizens tend to be satisfied with public administrative procedures handling in three areas under study, including public notary services, application procedures for construction permits, and application procedures for land use rights. At the sub-dimensional level, s scores are quite close to the highest or best performing provinces. s performance on indicator of construction permits procedures is close to the highest score of Quang Tri. scores less than Hanoi in regards to the performance of handling land use rights application for citizens, and slightly less than Binh Phuoc in the indicator about public notary services. - Dimension 5: Public Administrative Procedures Public Notary Services Land Use Right Certificates Construction Permits Public Notary Services Construction Permits Land Use Right Certificates (Bình Phước) (Quảng Trị) (Hà Nội) (Nam Định) (Hải Phòng) (Đồng Nai) (Cà Mau) (Lạng Sơn) (Lạng Sơn) PAPI2 7

8 TRANG 8 Dimension 6: Public Service Delivery Delivery of key public services in tends to gain a good level of citizens satisfaction. In particular, the indicator about public primary education in shows a score that is close to the highest score that Hai Phong gains. Residential safety is also viewed as good by the citizens. Citizens also tend to give credits to authorities for relatively good public health care and basic infrastructure, as shown in s scores ranging between the best and the median provinces. - Dimension 6: Public Service Delivery Public Health Law and Order Primary Education Infrastructure Public Health Primary Education Infrastructure Law and Order (Lạng Sơn) (Hải Phòng) (Đà Nẵng) (Kon Tum) (Long An) (Cao Bằng) (Hậu Giang) (Bắc Giang) (Kiên Giang) (Lai Châu) (Lai Châu) (Lai Châu) PAPI2 8

9 Composite PAPI (unweighted) TRANG 9 Governance, Public Administration and Human Development A key significant finding of PAPI is that provinces with higher levels of performance in PAPI also tend to have higher human development levels. is no exception as suggested in figure below. At the aggregated composite level, it can be noted scores above the prediction line. The relationship can run either way, suggesting that both processes go hand in hand in. At the sub-dimensional level, also ranks above the prediction line in all dimensions except the dimension on control of corruption. Figure. Association between PAPI and Human Development Index (HDI)* at the provincial level in Viet Nam 38 HCMC Dien Bien Yen Bai Cao Bang Binh Dinh Da Nang TT-Hue Hai Duong Binh Phuoc Long An Dong Nai Hau Giang Phu Yen Hai Phong Ca Mau Ha Nam Phu Tho Vinh Long Bac Giang Ha Noi Quang Tri Hung Tien Yen Giang Nam Dinh Kien Giang Dak Lak Lang Son Lai Chau 3 Kon Tum Human Development Index (HDI) 28 95% CI Fitted values Composite PAPI (unweighted) *HDI is a composite measure of general well-being that include levels of (i) education, (ii) health and (iii) income. The provincial level calcultations are based on GSO data and aggregated by the United Nation Development Programme (UNDP). PAPI2 9

10 TRANG Figure 2. 2 Viet Nam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index (PAPI) un-weighted HCMC Binh Dinh Da Nang Hai Duong TT-Hue Long An Binh Phuoc Dong Nai Hau Giang Hai Phong Phu Yen Ca Mau Ha Nam Phu Tho Vinh Long Bac Giang Ha Noi Quang Tri Hung Yen Tien Giang Nam Dinh Kien Giang Cao Bang Dak Lak Dien Bien Yen Bai Lang Son Lai Chau Kon Tum Participation/Elections at Local Levels Transparency Vertical Downward Accountability Control of of Corruption Administrative Procedures Public Service Delivery For further information see CECODES, VFF and UNDP (2).The Viet Nam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index (PAPI): Measuring citizens experiences. Ha Noi. or, contact: Giang Dang, CECODES giang.dang@cecodes.org Jairo Acuña-Alfaro, UNDP jairo.acuna@undp.org Center for Community Support and Development Studies Viet Nam Fatherland Front United Nations Development Programme PAPI2