UNIT II: ABSOLUTISM AND CONSTITUTIONALISM POLITICAL UNIFICATION IN EUROPE UNIT II: REVIEW MATERIALS. UNIT II: Readings

Transcription

1 UNIT II: ABSOLUTISM AND CONSTITUTIONALISM POLITICAL UNIFICATION IN EUROPE UNIT II: REVIEW MATERIALS AP Achiever Chapter 6: Absolutism and the Balance of Power in West and East Modern European History Chapter 7: England Chapter 8: France Chapter 9: Austria, Prussia, and Russia UNIT II: Readings Date Due: Wednesday 10/20 section 17: The Grand Monarque and the Balance of Power McKay pp : stop at Absolute Monarchy of Louis XIV 1. What general statements may be made about the nature of Louis XIV s rule in France and about the role of France in European affairs during his reign? 2. Why did Louis XIV s foreign policy arouse the opposition of the rest of Europe? 3. Explain the nature of the balance of power that was employed against Louis XIV. Of what broad significance has the balance of power concept been in diplomatic history? Date Due: Thursday 10/21 section 21: The France of Louis XIV ( )--The Triumph of Absolutism McKay pp : The Absolute Monarchy of Louis XIV, Financial and Economic Management/Edict of Nantes 1. What factors accounted for France s leadership during the age of Louis XIV? Describe French cultural contributions and achievements in this age. 2. How did Louis XIV develop the state in its modern form? What is suggested as the deeper meaning of his reputed boast L état, c est moi? 3. Discuss Louis XIV s a)military and administrative reforms b)economic and financial policies c)religious policies Date Due: Friday 10/22 section 22: The Wars of Louis XIV--The Peace of Utrecht, 1713 McKay pp : Louis XIV's Wars 1. Describe Louis XIV s foreign policy in the years prior to the War of the Spanish Succession. Of what significance were the chambres de réunion in Alsace and Lorraine? 2. What features of the War of the Spanish Succession made it distinctive? Why was the war fought? Summarize the main developments of the war. What motives prompted each state to continue to fight? 3. What were the major provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht? In what basis were differences between the great powers settled?

2 Date Due: Monday 10/25 section 23: Three Aging Empire McKay pp : Lords and Peasants in Eastern Europe (stop at Austria and Prussia) McKay pp ; : Absolutism and the Baroque in Eastern Europe 1. What major differences may be noted between eastern and western Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries? 2. Why may the Holy Roman Empire, the Republic of Poland, and the Ottoman Empire in the mid-17th century be characterized as old fashioned political organizations? 3. Describe the changes in the HRE brought about by a)the Reformation b)the 30 Years War c)the Peace of Westphalia What may be said about the ambitions and activities of various individual rulers in the Empire? 4. What was distinctive about the political life of the Republic of Poland in the 17th century? 5. How would you characterize the nature of Ottoman rule in eastern Europe? What changes were taking place in the 17th century? Date Due: Tuesday 10/26 section 24: The Formation of an Austrian Monarchy McKay pp : Austria 1. What were the major episodes and outcomes of the conflict between the Habsburgs and the Turks from 1526 to 1739? 2. Describe the territorial boundaries of the Habsburg Empire about In what sense was the empire international? 3. How successful were the Habsburgs in their efforts at consolidation and centralization? What steps did Charles VI take to guarantee the integrity of his territories? Date Due: Wednesday 10/27 section 25: The Formation of Prussia McKay pp : Prussia 1. Explain the role of each of the Hohenzollern rulers from 1640 to 1740 in the formation of Prussia. 2. Describe the special characteristics of Prussia as it was developing in the 17th and 18th centuries. What observations may be made about a)the army b)government and economic life c)the social development and economic structure of the country What possible effects might Lutheranism have had on Prussian life? 3. Why did Frederick II s (aka Frederick the Great) act of agression seem to be an exception to the policies of his predecessors? What did he accomplish by this act? Date Due: Thursday 10/28 section 26: The Westernizing of Russia McKay pp : Development of Russia, Peter the Great 1. Describe Russia before Peter the Great s accession to the throne. Why had Russia not shared more fully in European developments? How was this fact reflected in prevailing social conditions? 2. In what ways did changes in Russia between the time of Ivan the Terrible and the accession of Peter the Great resemble developments in other parts of Europe? 3. What was happening to the peasantry in 17th century Russia? Describe peasant reactions to a)economic changes b)religious changes 4. Discuss the tempo, nature, and results of Peter the Great s internal reforms, with special attention to a)the church b)the army c)the new capital d)economic policies e)administrative reforms 5. How would you characterize Peter the Great s foreign policy? What territory did he win for Russia? 6. How would you assess the significance of Peter the Great in the history of Russia?

3 Date Due: Friday 10/29 section 27: The Partitions of Poland (also review section 23 pp ) McKay pp : Decline of Spain 1. How did Austrian and Prussian concern about Russian strength in eastern Europe, and about the balance of power, lead to the first partition of Poland? 2. What effect did the partition have on the Poles? Why did they not create a more effective national resistance? 3. Summarize the key problems facing Spain by the seventeenth century. Date Due: Monday 11/01 section 19: Britain--The Puritan Revolution McKay pp : Constitutionalism, Puritanical Absolutism 1. What comparisons may be made between events in England in the 17th century and developments on the continent? 2. Why did Parliament come into conflict with James I? With Charles I? How did the special nature of Parliament make its resistance effective? 3. How did the Civil War begin? How did Cromwell emerge as ruler of England? 4. What policies did Cromwell follow towards: a)scotland b)ireland c)in foreign affairs d)radical opposition developing within England itself Date Due: Tuesday 11/02 section 20: Britain--The Triumph of Parliament McKay pp : The Restoration and Constitutional Monarchies 1. Explain the general nature of the Restoration in England. Of what significance was the legislation enacted by the Restoration Parliament? 2. How did religious matters again bring Parliament and king into conflict? What policies of James II precipitated the Revolution of 1688? 3. Of what constitutional significance for England was the Revolution of 1688? Why have writers of more recent times deglorified the revolution? Give arguments both for and against this point of view. Date Due: Thursday, 11/04 section 18: The Dutch Republic McKay pp : The Dutch Republic 1. Describe Dutch cultural and commercial accomplishments in the 17th century. 2. Explain the nature of government and political life in the 17th century Dutch Republic. (continued on next page) 3. How did the Dutch and English come into conflict in the 17th century? With what results? 4. How did the Dutch become involved in conflict with Louis XIV? With what results? UNIT II TEST TENTATIVELY SCHEDULED FOR MONDAY NOVEMBER 8 th UNIT II TERMS Palmer section 17: The Grand Monarque and the Balance of Power McKay pp : stop at Absolute Monarchy of Louis XIV terms: 1. Louis XIV 2. Charles II of Spain 3. expansionist policies of Louis XIV 4. "universal monarchy" 5. "balance of power"--its aims, rules, and purposes

4 Palmer section 21: The Triumph of Absolutism McKay pp : terms: 6. parlements 7. The Fronde 8. Louis XIV 9. deeper meaning of "L'etat c'est moi" 10. absolutism 11. Bishop Bossuet 12. armies before Louis XIV 13. military innovations of Louis XIV 14. Versialles 15. weaknesses of French tax system 16. policies of Colbert 17. Louis XIV: views on religion Palmer section 22: The Wars of Louis XIV; The Peace of Utrecht McKay pp : Louis XIV's Wars terms: 18. War of Devolution 19. Treaty of Nimwegen 20. War of the League of Augsburg 21. Peace of Ryswick 22. Charles II of Spain 23. William III 24. Duke of Marlborough 25. Philip V of Spain 26. Grand Alliance of Prince Eugene of Savoy 28. treaties of Utrecht and Rastadt 29. asiento Palmer section 23: Three Aging Empires McKay pp : Lords and Peasants in Eastern Europe (stop at Austria and Prussia ) and McKay pp ; : Absolutism and the Baroque in Eastern Europe terms: 30. similarities of "the 3 empires" 31. economic problems of the HRE 32. "Germanic Liberties" 33. Mazarin's involvement in the HRE 34. HRE imperial diet--problems of 35. ethnic groups within Poland 36. szlachta 37. "exploding the diet" 38. Polish government--failings of 39. janissaries 40. Ottoman law--characteristics of 41. religion in the Ottoman Empire 42. "terrible turk" Palmer section 24: The Formation of an Austrian Monarchy McKay pp : Austria terms: dominions of Austria 44. Siege of Vienna Prince Eugene of Savoy 46. Austrian Empire--"international" characteristics 47. Pragmatic Sanction section 25: The Formation of Prussia McKay pp : Prussia terms: 48. influence of small armies 49. Charles XII 50. geography of Prussia 51. Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg 52. Frederick William--the Great Elector 53. uniqueness of Prussian army 54. Junkers 55. Prussian economic policies 56. army's effect on Prussian social classes 57. Prussian middle class 58. Frederick William I Palmer section 26: The "Westernizing" of Russia McKay pp : Development of Russia, Peter the Great terms: 59. Mongol invasions 60. Ivan the Terrible 61. "windows on the west" 62. battle of Narve 63. Time of Troubles 64. Michael Romanov 65. battle of Poltava 66. rebellion of the streltsi 67. St. Petersburg 68. Stephen Razin 69. Old Believers 70. Peter the Great--character of 71. Peter the Great-- goals of 72. Russian absolutism--differences from the west Palmer section 27: The Partitions of Poland McKay pp : Decline of Spain

5 terms: 116. John Sobieski 117. War of the Polish Succession 118. Treaty of Kuchuk 119. Polish dissolution--effects on Europe Galacia 121. West Prussia Palmer section 19: The Puritan Revolution McKay pp : Constitutionalism terms: 73. Puritans and Anglicans 74. religious emigration 75. English economy--17th century 76. unique aspects of English government 77. James I 78. James I--conflict with Parliament 79. organizational structure of English parliament 80. "ship money" case 81. Scottish Rebellion Long Parliament 83. Solemn League and Covenant 84. Oliver Cromwell and the "Roundheads" 85. the "Ironsides" and their demands 86. "Prides Purge" and The Rump 87. Commonwealth's Irish policies 88. Levellers 89. Cromwell as "Lord Protector" Palmer section 20: The Triumph of Parliament McKay pp : The Restoration and Constitutional Monarchies terms: 90. Restoration of Parliamentary legislaton during the Restoration 92. Dissenters 93. Act of Settlement Charles II and religion 95. Treaty of Dover Test Act of Tories and Whigs 98. James II 99. William and Mary 100. Bill of Rights United Kingdom of Great Britain 102. post 1688 Irish "penal code" 103. Bank of England Glorious Revolution Palmer section 18: The Dutch Republic McKay pp : The Dutch Republic terms: 105. United Provinces--17th century 106. Baruch Spinoza 107. Christian Huyghens 108. religion in Holland--17th century 109. Araminius 110. Dutch shipping 111. Bank of Amsterdam 112. government structure of Holland (Estates General etc.) 113. William III 114. Navigation Act Triple Alliance