The French Revolution CH

Transcription

1 The French Revolution CH

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3 The Assembly Reforms France National Assembly, declared: 1. All citizens (men) of France EQUAL. 2. Declaration of the Rights of Man Copied from US Dec. of Ind. *Protect the rights of the people. Freedom of speech, religion, equal rights, etc. Political document created by National Assembly

4 3 new political groups form within National Assembly: 1.Radicals (Jacobins): lots of change, no king 2.Moderates: small changes 3.Conservatives: don t change anything! We like the king. 4.Parisians = residents of Paris, France

5 Radicals (The Jacobins) dissolve National Assembly, new govt. called installed: National Convention (1792) Representative All citizens can vote King has no power Jacobins Takes Over

6 Jacobins execute the king Use the guillotine War still continues Many European forces against French Rev. to preserve monarchies National Convention drafts 300,000 men to fight French Guillotine

7 Terror Grips France Max Robespierre (Jacobin) takes power in National Convention (1792) 2 Groups Form : 1. Republic of Virtue: eliminate all traces of old govts. Monarchy abolished

8 2. Committee of Public Safety Executes 40,000 people who are against the Republic of Virtue, or are suspected. This period called the REIGN OF TERROR Queen executed No one is safe Robespierre accuses many Jacobins (enemies of the State)

9 End of the Terror Robespierre executed by his own people New government formed 1794 called: The Directory 5 male leaders 2 houses of legislature Appoint Napoleon Bonaparte as general (oops)

10 7.3- Napoleon Forges an Empire

11 Napoleon Seizes Power Hero of the Hour: Joined the Army during the French Revolution Defended Paris against Royalists People who supported the king Became famous through war victories Won many victories in Italy, Austria, and Sardinia Napoleon

12 Coup d Etat (How he came to power) New govt. (Directory) failed in 1799 Returned to Paris Surrounds National Legislature with his army Coup d Etat- Quick military takeover Runs off most of the members Those who remained dissolve directory

13 Napoleon Rules France (1800) Napoleon arranges a popular vote for his elected position of power Called plebiscite: vote of the people Napoleon won with majority vote People wanted change, gave total power to Napoleon Why?

14 Napoleon s Reforms (How he strengthened the French government) 1. NAPOLEONIC CODE: One set of laws for everyone Promoted order, authority over individual rights Restricted free speech and press,

15 Napoleon s Reforms Cont. (How He Strengthened The French government) 2. Fair tax system 3. Public schools (free for all) 4. Govt. Jobs based on merit, not family 5. Signed Concordat Agreement with Pope to bring back Catholicism to France peasants happy! Pope Pius VII of Rome

16 Napoleon Creates an Empire Goal: control ALL of Europe Gave up French territories in America Sold Louisiana Purchase to U. S. for: 15 million dollars Use money to:»conquer Europe

17 Battle of Trafalgar Attack GB by water! Bad move. Britain is the world s dominant naval power GB took half the French Fleet France backs off from GB! 1812 Extent of Napoleon s empire Napoleon controls all of Europe (except GB)

18 Map

19 Govt. Power Shifts National Assembly Jacobins establish National Convention (Robespierre) The Directory (failed) Napoleon Bonaparte Reign of Terror

20 7.4- Napoleon s Empire Collapses

21 Napoleon s Costly Mistakes 1 1. The Continental System Naval Blockade Failed to defeat GB, economically Failed BLOCKADE Failed to block goods into GB GB remains a strong trading partner with all Europe

22 Mistake #2 2. Invading Portugal Had to march through Spain Spanish outraged Napoleon replaces the king of Spain with his brother Spanish guerillas fight Napoleon for six years in Spain Called: Peninsular Wars British sent help to defeat Napoleon Success of Spanish inspired other countries to fight for freedom (nationalism)

23 The Invasion of Russia (1812) Biggest Mistake #3 Russia did not stop trading with GB Czar (leader) wanted to expand into Poland Napoleon invades with 420,000

24 Czar retreats further into Russia, burns everything behind him SCORCHED EARTH POLICY» Why? What are the French troops living off of? Napoleon reaches capital, Moscow» In flames, ¾ destroyed Napoleon decides to return to France» WINTER NOW SETS IN» Russians attack the French!» ONLY 10,000 French soldiers make it out of Russia

25 Napoleon s campaign thru Russia. 422,000 start campaign, 10,000 remain at the end.

26 Napoleon s Downfall All of his enemies unite to attack him Napoleon surrenders his empire Banished to the island of Elba (1814) Europeans sweeping Napoleon back to France.

27 The Hundred Days Louis XVIII takes power in France People unhappy again Napoleon escapes Elba (1815) People of France make him Emperor AGAIN! Napoleon was in power for 100 days.

28 Napoleon s Final Battle British and Prussians attack defeat Napoleon at Waterloo (Belgium) Exiled to island of St. Helena BY HIMSELF. Off African Coast Dies in 1821

29 Napoleon loses in Russia Enemies unite to attack; exile Bonaparte to Elba Napoleon escapes, takes power for 100 days in France Waterloo sends Napoleon into exile, St. Helena..dies Congress of Vienna

30 7.5- The Congress of Vienna Back to Legislative Bodies

31 Metternich s Plan for Europe Most decisions made by: power players 1. Russia 2. Prussia 3. Austria 4. GB 5. France All are Monarchies, and want to stay Monarchies. So much for democracy!

32 Klemens von Metternich plan 1) Contain France 2) Balance Power among all Euro nations including France 4) Alliances among European powers. Collective security. (Holy Alliance) 3) Restore leaders de-throned by Bonaparte kings are back!

33 1. The Containment of France Make weak countries strong and unite them Creates new countries: Netherlands Ind. Switzerland Italy stronger Austria controls new Germany France can t beat it s neighbors now!

34 2. Balance of Power Make each country have equal power Even empower France, but just enough Limit military buildup Prevent war

35 3. Legitimacy Return conquered Royal families back to power Monarchs = peace Democracy Bad = Revolution Easier for Monarchs to lead System brought peace for 40 years!

36 4. Alliances: 1. Holy Alliance: Russia, Prussia, Austria monarchies Protect one another no matter what 2. Concert of Europe: all other countries Built by Metternich in his PLAN.

37 3, 2, 1s (in complete sentences) (ET) Three things you found out 1) do after notes in isn! (et) 2) 3) Two things you found interesting 1) 2) One question you still have 1)