3.5 Canada s Current Government (Part 1) How the system works
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1 3.5 Canada s Current Government (Part 1) How the system works
2 The Dominion of Canada Four Provinces
3 Capital City Ottawa, Ontario Already chosen by Queen Victoria On the border of Ontario and Quebec
4 Levels of Government
5 Confederation Federal Government (Canada - Ottawa) responsible for Foreign Affairs First Nations Treaties Fisheries and Oceans CPP and EI Equalization Payments etc. Provincial Government (ex. BC - Victoria) responsible for Health Care Education Natural Resources Ferries/Highways Programs etc. Municipal Government (ex. Chilliwack) responsible for Local infrastructure By-laws etc.
6 Government Structure House of Commons Elected Representation by Population (Rep by Pop) Larger Provinces get more seats in parliament Appointed Senate Representation by Region (Rep by Region) Ontario 24 Quebec 24 New Brunswick 12 Nova Scotia 12
7 Federal Government: Three Branches Legislative Executive Judicial Make laws and debate them Carry out the laws and run things Enforce laws and interpret them
8 Federal Government: Branch 1: Legislative Members of Parliament (MP s) in the House of Commons debate new laws and vote on them Senate then gives each law sober second thought before passing them Governor General approves of each law on behalf of the Queen.
9 Federal Government: Branch 2: Executive The leader of the largest party in the House of Commons is called the Prime Minister (and his office staff is the PMO) He appoints Cabinet Ministers (with portfolios like Defense and Finance ) The Prime Minister must ask the Governor General to approve elections and introduce each session of Parliament The executive is responsible to the House of Commons (ie. Can be voted out)
10 Federal Government: Branch 3: Judiciary The Supreme Court of Canada oversees all judges and court cases as the court of final appeal. They enforce and interpret all laws, which are bound by the Canadian Constitution and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The government cannot pass a law that is unconstitutional without changing the constitution (which is almost impossible).
11 BNA Issue #1: Federal/Provincial Relations 1) Should have provinces really pay to support havenot provinces? 2) Why does money for things like Health Care have to go through the federal government first? 3) Should natural resources really belong to the Provinces? 4) Shouldn t there be more consistency across the country in areas such as education? 5) What happens when culture disagrees?
12 BNA Issue #2: Quebec Discontent 1) Are we a country with 10 Provinces or 2 founding nations? 2) Does the rest of the country gang up on Quebec? 3) On what issues should Quebec have veto power?
13 BNA Issue #3: the Senate 1) Does the Senate really represent the regions? 2) Is the Senate a waste of time and money? 3) Is it possible to reform the Senate? 4) What would a triple-e senate look like? Elected? Equal? Effective?
14 BNA Issue #4: First Nations 1) Do we have 2 founding nations, or 3+? 2) Is Canada bound by the promises made by Britain? 3) Are First Nations people citizens of Canada? 4) Should First Nations people be represented in government? 5) How could have problems for First Nations people been prevented?
15 Patriating the Constitution 1982 In 1982, Pierre Elliot Trudeau introduced the Constitution Act Includes an amendment formula so that Canada can change the Constitution Includes the Charter of Rights and Freedoms The document was never signed by Quebec
16 Charter of Rights and Freedoms Part of the Constitution Every individual is equal before the and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age, or mental or physical disability.
17 Constitution Issues Power to Judges The Constitution of Canada is the "supreme law of Canada", and any law inconsistent with it is of no force or effect. This gives Canadian courts the power to strike down legislation. Should appointed judges have more power than elected members of parliament? First Nations The Constitution of 1982 did not grant First Nations people any representation in government. It also did not repeal the Indian Act, meaning it is still Canada s stated goal to assimilate Indians into our culture. Should First Nations people be given representation in government?
18 Constitution Issues Quebec Quebec was not completely happy with aspects of the Canadian Constitution and did not agree to pass it, but Trudeau passed it anyways and the Queen signed it. Why can t we have a Constitution that ALL Provinces agreed to? Amendments In order to change the Constitution, it requires 7 Provinces plus 50% of the population. Two unsuccessful attempts have been made to fix the Constitution: 1) Meech Lake Accord in ) Charlottetown Accord in 1992 Should we continue trying to change the Constitution so that Quebec will sign?
19 Summary Parliamentary Democracy Constitutional Monarchy Representatives Follows set laws Voted by the people With the King or Queen as the head of state
20 Canada Explained
21 Current Municipal Government Mayor + Council School Trustees
22 2014 Election Results MAYOR 1. *GAETZ, Sharon 10, HULL, Cameron 2, CAUCHI, Raymond1,066
23 2014 Election Results COUNCILLOR Six (6) to be elected 1. * WADDINGTON, Sam 8, * LUM, Jason 7, * POPOVE, Ken 7, * STAM, Chuck 7, * ATTRILL, Sue 6, * KLOOT, Chris 4,916
24 Current Provincial Government: Premier: Christy Clark Chief Justice: Christopher Hinkson The Cabinet Lieutenant Governor: Judith Guichon The Premier s office
25 2013 BC Election Results Everyone over 18 votes for a local candidate (not for the leader!) 1. Liberal 44% 2. NDP 40% 3. Green 8% 4. Conservative 5% 5. Other 3%
26 Current Parliament Total of 85 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA s) 48 Liberals (majority: Christy Clark) 35 New Democrats (official opposition: John Horgan) 1 Green, 1 Independent
27 Specific Issues in 2013 election: 1. The Economy (Pipeline) 2. Past Errors (HST vs. Fast Ferries and Bingogate)
28 Current Federal Government: Prime Minister: Justin Trudeau Chief Justice: Beverly McLachlin The Cabinet Governor General: The PMO David Lloyd Johnston (prime minister s office)
29 Current Appointed Senate Total of 105 Senators 40 Conservatives 21Liberals 32 Independent 12 Vacant
30 Regional Representation British Columbia 6 Alberta 6 Ontario 24 Quebec 24 Manitoba 6 Saskatchewan 6 Newfoundland 6 New Brunswick 10 Northwest Territories 1 Prince Edward Island 4 Yukon 1 Nunavut 1 Nova Scotia 10
31 2015 Canada Election Results Everyone over 18 votes for a local candidate (not for the leader!) 1. Liberals 40% 2. Conservatives 32% 3. NDP 20% 4. Bloc Quebecois 5% 5. Green 3%
32 Current Parliament Total of 308 Members of Parliament (MP s) 184 Liberals (majority: Justin Trudeau) 99 Conservatives (official opposition: Rona Ambrose) 44 NDP (leader: Thomas Mulcair) 11 Other (Bloc, Green, etc.)
33 Seats in Parliament Blue = Conservative Red = Liberal Orange = NDP Blue = Quebec
34 Majority Government Canadians do NOT vote for a Prime Minister. We vote for a local representative. Second place in each riding does not count, because the first past the post wins. If one party wins more than half of the seats, they are called a majority government and their leader becomes the Prime Minister. If one party wins, but has less than half of the seats, then a minority government is formed. This is a more fragile situation.
35 Why do people NOT vote? Only 68% of eligible voters went to vote in the last Canada election (this was an increase) Some people are too busy, don t care, or don t understand Some people don t like any of the parties and so end of not voting, or voting for the group they dislike the least Some people don t figure out what the issues are, and just vote the way their parents did or for who has better ads on TV.
36 Why is it important to vote? Because we should value democracy We pay a LOT of taxes The government should be held accountable It s not that hard If you don t vote, then you don t have a right to complain
37 VOTE!
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