AP EURO. Unit #5 Nationalism of 19 th Century. PPT #507 Nationalism and Unifications of the Late 19 th Century (Lesson 9 notes from the book)

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1 AP EURO Unit #5 Nationalism of 19 th Century PPT #507 Nationalism and Unifications of the Late 19 th Century (Lesson 9 notes from the book)

2 Essential Questions 17. What was Cavour s role in determining the future of Italy? 18. Why was Bismarck willing to go to war several times prior to German unification?

3 France,

4 French Nationalism Feb 1848: February Days Leads to the end of the July Monarchy Start of a new Republic June 1848: election of new National Assembly Conservatives elected (leads to June Days) Sep. elections Several 1848 l Bonaparte's elected Dec Presidential Election 1852 Presidential Coup 1853 France transforms back to an Empire

5 France becomes an Empire, again President Louis Napoleon ( ) nephew to Napoleon born in Fontainebleau 1810 raised in arrogance of Bonaparte's attempted a coup in 1836 exiled to Switz against Louis Philippe Citizen King returned 1848 elected in Sept ran for President Dec elected with overwhelming majority (75%) Who do you suppose loved him most? Popular with the poorest workers, farmers and soldiers Promised to stimulate economy also: avoid future rebellion

6 Emperor Napoleon III Focused on Public Works projects Why? click

7 French 19 th C. wars Italian campaign Defended Pope, 1848 Crushed rebellion Crimean War 1854 Joined by British Crushed Russians Restored balance of power prevent expanding Russia War against Austria in N. Italy 1859 Joined Italian monarchists to crush Austria How will success in these wars affect their attitude? Franco-Prussian War 1870

8 France overconfident Napoleon III insulted by Germ. Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck (The IRON CHANCELLOR) A Hohenzollern prince invited to throne of Spain France insists on redress or they will declare war France got goaded into war They were SURE they could quickly defeat Prussia (who now led North Germ. Confed.) Instead, the technologically superior Germans defeated and humiliated the French in 6 weeks France forced accept defeat in Versailles France forced to pay reparations, give up land, and Napoleon forced to Abdicate German states united to defeat France France will seek revenge

9 Italian Unification

10 Italian Nationalists Goal: create an Italian Republic Free of Austrians, French and Papal control Started with Mazzini s Young Italy Declaration of Roman Republic in 1848 Crushed by French troops and they stayed Camillo Cavour appointed PM of Sardinia Served his king, Victor Emmanuel Goal: create monarchial Italian state VE was a prince and a general Ascended to king turned power over to Cavour 1852

11 Unification of Italy What was the plan of Camillo Cavour? Step #1 economic development Step #2 expel the Austrians Step #3 inspire other regions to join Which part of Italy benefitted most? What did the Crimean War have to do with Italians winning in the North, and getting independent from Austria?

12 Giuseppe Garibaldi Kingdom of Italy declared in 1860 What was Cavour s plan for Garibaldi? How did Victor Emmanuel get all power in Italy? click

13

14 German Unification

15 Otto von Bismarck The Iron Chancellor German unification by BLOOD AND IRON Loyal Prime Minister to Prussian King William I Appointed 1862 Used Zollverein for Prussia Prussia dominated this trade union Austria remained outside Prussia modernized Austria lagged behind

16 Unification of Germany Otto von Bismarck was like Cavour Step #1 economic development Step #2 become the dominant section of Germans Step #3 inspire other regions to join Actions Step #1 Zollverein Step #2 force Austria into an unwinnable war Step #3 goad the French into declaring war

17 Bismarck s wars Were limited in size, region and length Denmark (1864) Schleswig and Holstein Seven Weeks War (1866) Austro-Prussian War Proved Prussian dominance VERY soft on Austrians Goal: develop friendship with Prussians as dominant, not create enemy Franco-Prussian War (1870) Six weeks Unified all Germans Treaty of Versailles insult to the French

18 click

19 New German Nation The second Reich Bismarck transformed From a IRON CHANCELLOR (of war) To powerful, pragmatic diplomate of peace became a diplomat and man of peace Europe became a German continent German industry booming Bismarck dominated international politics Ex: several Berlin Conferences in coming years

20

21 (we ll do this later ) Great Migration

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