Canadian Citizenship Preparation Workshop. Day 2

Transcription

1 Canadian Citizenship Preparation Workshop Day 2

2 Structure of Workshop Canadian Geography 10:00 10:45 Who we are Provinces, Regions, People and Culture Break 11:00 11:45 Refreshments and Questions Canadian Government 11:45 12:45 Rights and Responsibilities Structure of Government System Elections Judiciary and Enforcement Feedback and Questions 12:45 1:30

3 Canadian Geography Overview for understanding Details in book Who we are The People The Symbols The Land and Economy Economy Regions Provinces

4 Founding Peoples of Canada 3 founding peoples = Aboriginal, French and British 3 Categories of Aboriginal People in Canada: First Nations Indian Found across Canada (65% of Aboriginal Population) Inuit - formerly known as Eskimo Found in the North (4% of Aboriginal Population) Metis half European, half-aboriginal descendants Found mainly in the Prairies (30% of Aboriginal Population)

5 First Peoples of Canada

6 Founding Peoples of Canada Aboriginal Peoples Aboriginal and Treaty rights are in the Canadian Constitution Territorial rights first granted through Royal Proclamation of 1763 Set rules for negotiating treaties with Aboriginal Peoples

7 Founding Peoples of Canada Residential Schools (1800s to 1980s) Aboriginal children were forced to live at government sponsored residential schools Wanted to assimilate children into Canadian culture Language and culture were prohibited Physical abuse of children Formal Apology in 2008 by Ottawa

8 Founding Peoples of Canada Indian All Aboriginal people who are not Inuit or Metis Today called First Nations Half live on reserve 600 communities Other half live mainly in urban centres Renewed Pride and Confidence

9 Founding Peoples of Canada Inuit Name means the people in the Inuktitut Language Many small communities in the Arctic Have adapted to one of the harshest environments on Earth

10 Founding Peoples of Canada Metis Come from both French and English backgrounds Have their own dialect, Michif

11 Founding People of Canada English and French Canadian society today stems largely from English-speaking and French speaking Christian civilizations Federal Government Required by law to provide services throughout Canada in English and French. English as a First Language 18 million speakers Anglophones French as a First Language - 7 million speakers Francophones Most live in Quebec 1 million live in Ontario, New Brunswick and Manitoba

12 Founding People of Canada English and French Acadians Descendants of French Colonists who settled in the Maritimes from 1604 Great Upheaval Two thirds of Acadians were deported from their homeland by the British Acadians maintained culture today New Brunswick is a bilingual province (French and English)

13 French Empire Spread from Hudson

14 Founding People of Canada English and French Quebecers ( Quebecois ) People of Quebec, majority are French speaking Many are the descendants of 8,500 French settlers from the 1600s and 1700s Unique culture and identity Canadian government recognized Quebecois form a nation within a united Canada One million Anglo-Quebecers have a 250 year heritage in Quebec

15 Founding People of Canada English and French English Canadians British Origins Anglophones -- English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish Settled all over Canada from 1600s to 20 th Century

16 Diversity in Canada Land of immigrants; immigrants built and defended country over 200 yrs. Since 1970s, most immigrants coming from Asia Majority of Canadians identify as Christian, though other religions and nonreligious populations are growing the largest religious affiliation is Catholic, followed by protestant churches. Chinese languages, the second most spoken at home after English in Vancouver (13%) and Toronto (7%).

17 Diversity in Canada Canada has traditionally partnered with faith communities to: promote social welfare; harmony and mutual respect; to provide schools and health care; to resettle refugees; and to uphold religious freedom religious expression and freedom of conscience

18 Diversity in Canada Diversity includes gay and lesbian Canadians Enjoy full protection of and equal treatment under the law Includes access to civil marriage

19 Symbols The Crown Symbol of the state for 400 years Symbol of government including: Parliament Courts Police Armed Forces Canada is a Constitutional Monarchy

20 Symbols Flags Red Ensign Canada s flag for 100 years Red and white national colours 1921 Maple Leaf Flag

21 Symbols Fleur-de-Lys Lily Flower Symbol of the king of France, and new France

22 Symbols Coat of Arms and Motto Motto A mari usque ad mare = From sea to sea

23 Symbols Parliament Buildings Symbol of government

24 Symbols Beaver Symbol of Hudson s Bay Company and the fur trade

25 Symbols Popular Sports Hockey = National Winter Sport Stanley Cup donated by Lord Stanley, Governor General in 1892 Lacrosse = National Summer Sport First played by aboriginal people

26 Symbols Official Languages English and French are symbols of Canadian identity Official Languages Act Establish equality between French and English in government Maintain and develop official language minority communities Promote equality of English and French in society

27 Symbols National Anthem O Canada O Canada became nation anthem in Royal Anthem God Save the Queen Sung when honouring the sovereign

28 Symbols Order of Canada Official honours to recognize outstanding citizens Victoria Cross Highest honour available to Canadians Awarded for bravery Famous VCs: Alexander Roberts Dunn William Hall Filip Knowal Billy Bishop WWI flying ace Paul Triquet Robert Hampton Gray WW2 last VC recipient

29 Canada s Economy A Trading Nation Canada has always been a trading nation 1988 Free trade with USA 1994 North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Canada, USA and Mexico Largest trading partner is USA (75% of exports) World s longest undefended border Peach Arch Symbolizes close ties Children of a common mother

30 Canada s Economy 3 main types of industries Service 75% of working Canadians Manufacturing Paper, Aerospace, Automobiles, Machinery, Food, etc. Natural resources Forestry, Fishing, Mining, Agriculture and Energy

31 Regions of Canada Five main regions: Atlantic Provinces (Newfoundland, PEI, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick) Central Canada (Quebec and Ontario) Prairie Provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba) West Coast (BC) The North (Nunavut, NWT, Yukon Territory) Do I need to memorize which provinces in which Region and the capital cities? Yes

32 Regions of Canada Five main regions: Atlantic Provinces (Newfoundland, PEI, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick) Central Canada (Quebec and Ontario) Prairie Provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba) West Coast (BC) The North (Nunavut, NWT, Yukon Territory) Do I need to memorize which provinces in which Region and the capital cities? Yes

33 Atlantic Provinces Newfoundland Heritage is linked to the sea - Fisheries Has its own time zone - most easterly province PEI Beaches, red soil, farming (potatoes) Birthplace of Confederation Smallest province Nova Scotia Has world s highest tides Shipbuilding, fishers and shipping Canada s largest east coast port Celtic culture New Brunswick Founded by loyalists Canada s only bilingual province - Acadian culture

34 Central Canada Quebec 3/4 speak French as first language Largest producer of pulp and paper and hydroelectricity Montreal is second largest French speaking city In the world Ontario More than one third of Canadians Toronto, largest city in Canada Financial Centre Great Lakes found between Ontario and the USA.

35 Prairie Provinces Manitoba Economy agriculture, mining and hydro Largest aboriginal population 15%, large Ukrainian population 14 % Saskatchewan Breadbasket of the world 40% of Canada s farmland World s richest deposits of uranium and potash; also has oil and gas Home to training centre for RCMP Alberta Banff Lake Louise Large producer of oil and gas Famous for cattle ranches and dinosaur fossils

36 West Coast British Columbia Canada s Westernmost province Most valuable forestry industry in Canada Also famous for Okanagan wine and fruit industry Chinese and Punjabi are second and third most spoken languages.

37 The Northern Territories Yukon Famous for the Klondike Gold Rush in the 1890s Highest mountain in Canada, coldest temperature recorded Northwest Territories Diamond mining More than half of population is aboriginal Mackenzie River is second longest in North America (4,200 km) Nunavut Established in 1999 Population is 85% Inuit, Inuktitut is an official language

38 Break

39 Canada s Government Rights and Responsibilities Structure of Government System Elections Judiciary and Enforcement

40 Rights and Responsibilities Sources of Canadian Law = English common law, French civil law, laws from Parliament, and unwritten constitution from Britain Freedoms ( ordered liberty ) secured for Canadians since Magna Carta in 1215 the Great Charter of Freedoms Includes: Freedom of Religion Freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression includes free press Freedom of Peaceful Assembly Freedom of Association Habeas Corpus the right to challenge unlawful detention by the state comes from English common law

41 Rights and Responsibilities Canadian Constitution amended in 1982 to entrench the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Recognized founding principles Supremacy of God and Rule of Law Charter summarizes fundamental freedoms and add additional rights Mobility Rights free to live, work anywhere in Canada and travel to and from Canada Aboriginal Peoples Rights Official Language Rights & Minority Language Education Rights French and English equal status in Parliament and government Multiculturalism Respect pluralism and live in harmony

42 Citizenship Responsibilities Obeying the law Canadian founding Principle (Rule of Law) Individuals and governments are regulated by law Taking responsibilities for oneself and family Getting a job an important Canadian value Serving on a jury You re legally required to do so when called to serve

43 Citizenship Responsibilities Voting in elections Vote in federal, provincial or territorial and local elections Helping others in the community Volunteering in school, at charity and food bank *joining Canadian forces, Coast Guard, emergency services Protecting and enjoying our heritage and environment Avoid waste and pollution, and protect natural, cultural and architectural heritages

44 Equality of Women and Men In Canada, men and women are equal under the law. Any gender-based violence are not tolerated severely punished by Criminal Law: spousal abuse, honor killings, female genital mutilation and forced marriage

45 How Canadians Govern Themselves A federal state A constitutional monarchy A parliamentary democracy

46 3 parts of Parliament Sovereign/Head of State. Represented in Canada by the governor general Senate (appointed on the Prime Minister s recommendation) The House of Commons/members of parliament (elected by the people, government members and opposition members)

47 Democracy The people elect members to the house of commons in Ottawa and to the provincial and territorial legislatures.

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49 Prime Minister Leader of the Party with the most seats after an election Head of Government The Prime Minister selects the Cabinet ministers and is responsible for the operations and policy of the government

50 The House and Senate The House of Commons/members of parliament is elected by people, traditionally every four years 338 elected members Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of Prime Minister Serve until the age of 75

51 Head of State As a constitutional monarchy, Canada s Head of State is a hereditary Sovereign The Queen Represented by the Governor General appointed by the Sovereign by advice of the Prime Minster 5 years Currently Julie Payette In the provinces, the Lieutenant Governor represents the Sovereign Appointed by the Governor General by advice of the Prime Minister

52 How a bill becomes a law First Reading- the bill is considered read for the first time and is printed Second Reading- Members debate the bill s principle Committee Stage- committee members study the bill clause by clause Report Stage- Members can make other amendments Third Reading Members debate and vote on the bill Senate the bill follows a similar process in the senate Royal Assent- The bill receives royal assent after being passed by both house

53 Federal, Provincial / Territorial and Municipal governments in Canada

54 Levels of Government Canada British Columbia North Vancouver City

55 Powers Federal: national & international concern, defense, foreign policy, interprovincial trade, communications, currency, navigation, criminal law, citizenship Province: responsible for municipal government, education, health, natural resources, property and civil rights, and highways The federal government and province share jurisdiction over agriculture and immigration

56 Elections

57 Federal Elections Federal elections- 4 years The Prime Minister may ask Governor General to call an earlier election 308 electoral districts

58 Voting Canadian citizen, 18 years and on the voters list Election Canada mails a voter information card to each elector

59 How do I get on the list? When you apply for citizenship, you can check a box on the application form to show you consent to the transfer of your name, address, sex and date of birth to elections Canada

60 Winner of the election? The leader of the political party with the most seats in the House of Commons is invited by the Governor General to form the government. The leader of this party becomes Prime Minister The party holds more than half of the seats in the House of Commons-- majority; less than half--minority

61 Official Opposition The opposition party with the most members of the House of Commons is the Official Opposition or Her Majesty s Loyal Opposition Conservative Party Andrew Sheer

62 Parties There are four major political parties: the Bloc Quebecois, Conservative, Liberal New Democratic Party The political party in power - Liberal

63 The Justice System Our judicial system is founded on the presumption of innocence. Everyone is innocent until proven guilty

64 The Justice System Rule of law, freedom under the law, democratic principles and due process The courts settle disputes and the police enforce the laws The law in Canada applies to everyone, including judges, politicians and the police

65 The Justice System Our laws are intended to provide order in society, a peaceful way to settle dispute, and to express the values and beliefs of Canadians

66 The Justice System - Courts The Supreme Court of Canada is our country s highest court The federal court: matters concerning the federal government Provincial court: for lesser offences Family courts, traffic courts and small claims courts for civil cases involving small sums of money

67 The Justice System - Police The police are here to help you There are different types of police Provincial police force in Ontario and Quebec and municipal police department in all provinces. RCMP enforce federal laws and serve as the provincial police in all provinces and territories except Ontario and Quebec, as well as in some municipalities

68 The Justice System Legal Help Lawyers can help you with legal problems and act for you in court There are legal aid services available free of charge or at a low cost Pro bono

69 The Citizenship Test Study Tips Tips Anything in black, bullets or italics is very important Don t miss the side bars and information below and on the sides of pages Questions can come from any piece of information in the book Titles of sections are categories for questions Study P. 8 51, and you need to try to memorize as much as possible Take a class, get a study buddy, or even find a tutor Take as many practice tests as you can Use only information from the book, not other information to answer test questions Go in feeling like a Canadian knowledge machine!

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