STANDARD 1.2 EARLY GOVERNMENTS AND ROAD TO REVOLUTION

Transcription

1 STANDARD 1.2 EARLY GOVERNMENTS AND ROAD TO REVOLUTION

2 REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT A form of government in which elected officials would vote on the laws for the good of the society. The American model is based on this premise.

3 Why a representative government? American representative government was developed due to: 1. A transfer of ideas of representative government from England 2. Circumstances in the New World

4 Magna Carta 1215 Also called the Great Charter - recognized the rights of Englishmen to be consulted on the levying of taxes and to have their rights protected by a jury of their peers

5 So what? The Magna Carta is the basis of the English parliamentary and judicial system Many colonial charters guaranteed that the English colonists continued to enjoy the rights of Englishmen

6 ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS Reiterated that the people have a right to be consulted about taxation. It limited the power of the king (executive) through checks and balances with Parliament and granted religious freedom.

7 ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS States that people have the right to religious freedom which is also included in the First Amendment in the American Bill of Rights

8 Early Representative Colonial Governments Mayflower Compact- New England House of Burgess New England Town Meetings

9 House of Burgesses The Virginia Company allowed the colonists in Jamestown to start the House of Burgesses. This was a way to maintain order and attract new colonists. Only property owners were allowed to vote causing a social elite to which others deferred Virginians did not have a true democracy.

10 Mayflower Compact In New England Puritan ideals supported representative government in Massachusetts Bay and it was spread as the Puritans migrated Early example that government derives its authority from the people

11 New England Town Meetings Puritans governed their civil society through town meetings. Each town sent a representative to the General Court in Boston. By the 1700s, all male property owners were allowed to vote.

12 Other Circumstances in England SALUTARY NEGLECT! English Civil War which ended in the overthrow (Glorious Revolution) of King James by William and Mary who agreed to abide by the English Bill of Rights. They were forced to recognize the supremacy of Parliament and its right to make tax laws.

13 John Locke Primary Document Analysis of Treaties of Two Civil Governments Read the handout from John Locke s book. Turn and talk with a partner about the meaning of his writings.

14 THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR ( ) -Lasted ten years -also called the French and Indian War They fought on SAME side: Great Britain, Colonists, Indians VS. French and Indians

15 COLONIAL RESISTANCE AND England s Parliament and Big Ben REBELLION Why were the colonists so angry? 1. The policy of salutary neglect was abandoned during and after French/Indian War 2. Colonists wanted to keep the local governments that they had established under salutary neglect 3. They felt that they had loss their rights as Englishmen

16 Taxation Issues Colonists protest Huge debt from the French- Indian War caused the English Parliament to impose a series of taxes on the colonists

17 THE SUGAR ACT The Sugar Act (1764) placed duties (taxes) on certain imports that had not been taxed before More importantly, it meant colonists accused of violating the Act were tried in Vice-Admiral Courts rather than Colonial Courts These courts denied them the right to a trail by a jury of their peers Reaction: protest and increased smuggling

18 TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION THE STAMP ACT In March of 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act which imposed a tax on documents and printed items such as wills, newspapers, and cards (a stamp would then be placed on the item) This was vehemently opposed because it was a direct tax rather than an indirect (import tax)

19 RESISTANCE GROWS In response the colonists created: 1. Sons and Daughters of Liberty 2. Stamp Act Congress 3. Economic boycott which led to the repeal of the Stamp Act

20 TENSION MOUNTS IN MASSACHUSETTS The atmosphere in Boston was extremely tense The city erupted in bloody clashes and a daring tax protest, all of which pushed the colonists and England closer to war Boston Massacre was in 1770 when a mob taunted British soldiers 5 colonists were killed BOSTON MASSACRE 1770 BY PAUL REVERE

21 MORE TAXES, MORE PROTESTS More taxes and acts soon followed: Declaratory Act Townshend Acts The Townshend Acts taxed goods brought into the colonies from Britain including lead, paint, glass, paper and TEA

22 BOSTON TEA PARTY 1773

23 BRITS RESPOND TO TEA VANDALS After 18,000 pounds of tea was dumped by colonists into Boston Harbor, King George III was infuriated Parliament responded by passing the Intolerable (Coercive) Acts; which included the closing of the Harbor, the Quartering Act, Martial law in Boston

24 THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION Colonists start to organize and communicate First Continental Congress met in 1774 and drew up rights Military preparation began England reacts by ordering troops to seize weapons FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS PHILLY ATTENDEES INCLUDED SAMUEL ADAMS, PATRICK HENRY, AND GEORGE WASHINGTON

25 LEXINGTON AND CONCORD With Paul Revere s announcement, the Colonists and the British began fighting in April of 1775 The first battle of the American Revolution lasted only 15 minutes, but its impact has lasted for over 200 years The shot heard round the world!

26 SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS May 1775, Colonial leaders met for a Second Continental Congress Some called for Independence, some for reconciliation Finally, the Congress agreed to appoint George Washington as head of the Continental Army Patrick Henry addresses Congress

27 BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL June 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill British General Thomas Gage decided on an attack on Breed s Hill (near Boston) Deadliest battle of war as over 1,000 redcoats and 450 colonists died Battle misnamed Bunker Hill (Breed s Hill would have been more accurate)

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29 OLIVE BRANCH PETITION By July 1775, the Second Continental Congress was readying for war, though still hoping for peace Most delegates deeply loyal to King George III July 8 Olive Branch Petition sent to King who flatly refused it