India s Urban Awakening The Way Ahead

Transcription

1 India s Urban Awakening The Way Ahead Mr. Narinder Nayar Chairman, Bombay First at World Cities Summit, Singapore June 1 4, 2014

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3 3 Urban population Million Cities are likely to house 40 percent of India s population by Total population Million 856 1,040 1,210 1,467 Urbanisation rate 1 Percent Defined as the ratio of urban to total population based on the census definition of urban areas; population >5,000; density >400 persons per square kilometre; 75 percent of male workers in non-agricultural sectors; and statutory urban areas

4 The situation on the ground in our cities is grim Water supply Sewage Affordable Housing Public Transportation Only 105 lpcd supplied, need Only 30% of sewage is treated 24% of urban population Public transport share lives in slums has declined to ~30% Storm water drains Private Transportation Solid waste Open Space Storm water drain coverage of only 20% Peak morning travel time of hours in large Only 70% of solid waste Only 2.7 m2 open space per capita compared to 14 m2 in Beijing

5 Historically cities have been distanced from India s political and development process Voter turnout in India s General election Number of Urban Elects in India s Parliament Rural Urban 494 Total number of seats in the lower house of parliament Number of urban seats Total population Million Urbanisation Rate , , % 20% 23% 26% 27% 28% In 2014 Urban India elected ~178 of the 543 parliamentarians SOURCE: Election commission of India; team analysis

6 City of Gold Big Advantage : Time Zone World s 6 th largest Metropolitan region. Generates 38% of the country s GDP and pays 40% of its taxes. Bombay Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in South Asia, the 12th largest in the world. Mumbai is home to country s key financial regulators. Major hub of business, industry and services. 97% of foreign banks are located in Mumbai.

7 The Maximum City was in danger of losing its edge Some factors contributing to the problem: Poor infrastructure and services Inadequate investment Lack of urban planning Rapid increase in population Out-of-date regulations on land use and rent control Mushrooming of slums High cost of living and doing business

8 WAKE UP CALL Stepped In Carried out a study together with Mckinsey

9 Public Private Partnership Citizen s Action Group (CAG) Consists of 30 eminent citizens from cross sections of society, To be managed by citizens - self-driven and self-regulated - for membership and process Bombay First to act as the Secretariat of CAG Empowered Committee (EC) Chaired by Chief Minister Vice Chairman Narinder Nayar Chaired by Chief Secretary, Government of Maharashtra (includes 8 other members from the Private sector)

10 Bombay First Government of India AIILSG Cities Alliance Government of Maharashtra World Bank Citizens Action Group USAID

11 Housing: 9 million live in slums 500,000 migrants annually 1 mn homes required Challenges The population density is estimated to be about 37,000 persons per sq. km. Transport: Multiple agencies. 21 st century traffic carried on 19 th century infrastructure. Climate Change: o Consequences not fully Realized o Battling the sea water rise

12 Planning: Lack of proper planning, ad hoc buildings constructed, no open spaces. 0.33% of the city is open space VS the global standard of 2.5 % Implementation: Lack of accountability Governance: This is a big challenge 17 agencies run the city - we have the orchestra but no conductor or director.

13 Governance : Mumbai is currently run by multiple agencies

14 If one does not know to which port one is sailing, no wind is favourable...seneca? Where are we heading Where do we want to be by 2052

15 Unique Initiative - 40 year Concept Plan Bombay First strongly advocated the need of a 40 year Concept Plan for the city of Mumbai. Government accepted the recommendation and International Consultants appointed and work commenced March 2010

16 Proposed Concept Plan 2052 Paths Towards Transformation

17 City of Cities The Base Case Regional Concept Options

18 City of Islands The Enhanced Case Regional Concept Options IN THE LONG TERM A MORE BREAKTRHOUGH APPROACH CAN BE ADOPTED KEY PROPOSALS Building upon the base case and creating land for CBD expansion in Harbor Bay Re-creation of Mumbai s legacy as island city Creation of strong identity and strategic land bank Development of a new generation, state-ofthe-art, international financial centre Venues for thematic waterfront uses Expo, MICE, Integrated Resort, Theme Parks and lifestyle destinations

19 In Sync with Nature TOWARDS A GREEN CITY Preserving & bringing people closer to nature Creating major Urban Park & integrating cultural features Revitalizing waterfront areas Injecting variety of Sport & Recreation facilities. Establishing Green Connectors

20 METRO 1 (Versova Andheri - Ghatkopar) Cost : USD 40 Million (Rs. 2,356 Crore) (Will be revised after completion of Project) O P P O R T U N I T I E S WATER TRANSPORT Cost: USD 22 Million (Rs. 1,300 Crore) * *Construction of Jetties METRO 2 (Ghatkopar Bandra Mankhurd) Cost: METRO 3 USD 139 Million (Rs. 8,250 Crore) (Colaba to SEEPZ, Via Bandra) Cost: MONORAIL Cost: USD 4119 Million (Rs. 24,500 Crore) USD 47 Million (Rs. 2,800 Crore)* Cost which will be revised after completion of project WESTERN FREEWAY (Coastal Road) Cost: USD 134 Million (Rs. 8,000 Crore) * For Coastal Road NAVI MUMBAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Cost: USD 247 Million (Rs. 14,700 Crore)* *Estimated Cost SEWRI NHAVA SEA LINK (Mumbai Trans Harbour Link) Cost: USD 162 Million (Rs. 9,630 Crore) * *Estimated cost CHURCHGATE - VIRAR ELEVATED CORRIDOR Cost: USD 395 Million (Rs. 23,500 Crore)* MUMBAI URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT PH-II Cost: USD 96 Million (Rs. 5,300 Crore) *

21 But the growing importance of cities is being recognized: Launch of JnNURM II in 2005 JnNURM: GoI s flagship program for inclusive and sustainable urban development Objective: dismantle structural constraints in the urban sector i.e. outdated practices; incomplete devolution of functions to the elected bodies as per 74 th Constitutional Amendment; lack of municipal autonomy; fragmented governance structures 4 components of JnNURM: UIG: water supply, sewerage, solid-waste management, roads etc in all 65 mission cities BSUP: Housing and slum development projects in 65 mission cities UIDSSMT: Urban infrastructure in small and medium towns IHSDP: Housing and slum redevelopment in non-mission cities Outlay of ` 66,000 crores from Dec 2005 to March 2013 Funding linked to implementation of mandatory and optional reforms by state governments and ULBs Successfully catalyzed ~` 50,000 crores of investments into the physical infrastructure of cities

22 India s urban operating model should focus on five elements Detailed sections Elements of operating model Funding Where will resources come from? Governance Who will lead and be accountable? Sector Policies Economic growth Affordable housing Sustainability and climate change mitigation Shape How will the country s population be distributed? Planning How will cities make and enforce land-use and transportation choices? Building new planned smart spaces

23 6 ideas for to spur urban development and renewal 1 Merge the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation and Ministry of Urban Development to create one unified Ministry in-charge of housing and urban development in India at the centre Revamp the Next Generation Urban Renewal Mission based on experiences and 2 learnings from JnNURM I 3 Introduce stroke of pen policies and legislations to change the urban landscape: Empower architects to certify and sanction building plan approvals similar to chartered accountants Notify quality and cost benchmarks for housing and basic urban infrastructure to establish standards across projects Establish a National Urban Transport Regulator to establish safety, quality and regulatory standards for mass transit systems being built across the country Build political consensus, create the legislative framework, and incentives for 4 metropolitan governance including the concept of directly elected mayors Institutionalise and push land monetisation framework and ring fenced city 5 development funds Address the capacity deficit in urban India identified as one of the root 6 causes of India s urban woes

24 Urban Institute of India has been conceived as an apex level institution by Government of India to address the capacity deficit in urban areas Objectives 1. 1 Conduct high quality independent research, analysis and advocacy on contemporary urban issues 1. 2 Provide policy research, design and implementation support to 3 tiers of Government to improve service delivery outcomes and offer customised short term training programs Mission Catalyse inclusive and sustainable urban renewal and development 1. 3 Work with all tiers of Government and the private sector to assimilate and disseminate standards and best practices to improve service delivery and governance 1. Catalyse capacity and capability building by facilitating the creation of a 4 network of independent world class urban development institutes and through the launch of existing urban sector focused programs in order to equip the country with a large and qualified cadre of experts 1. 5 Establish a platform for dialogue and collaboration between all tiers of government, private and social sectors and academia 1. 6 Assist with strengthening of existing institutions and build synergies with Government programs 1. 7 Establish standards in urban development education by enabling the formation of an independent accreditation system 1. 8 Create meaningful career paths for qualified urban professionals in collaboration with Government and the private sector

25 UII will be structured along 3 dimensions: verticals, service lines and regional chapters Mission Catalyse urban reforms and create inclusive and livable cities in India Verticals Where will we focus? Target relevant and important sectors and build deep research-based expertise 2 Service lines What do we do? Offer a full portfolio of activities and delivery modes to best achieve UII s mission 1 Research & advocacy Consulting services Training & capacity building Events & publications Urban poverty alleviation and Affordable housing Sustainable cities Water Sewage/ Sanit ation Urban governance Land-use and planning Urban finance Urban transport Data bank for creation of data analytics service line 2 to 3 state chapters to be established on a demand driven basis by Year 5 with support and involvement of state governments 3 Chapters Where do we reach? Establish regional hubs in different states for regionspecific research and engaging directly with regional actors