THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION: ( )

Transcription

1 THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION: ( ) Period 3 ( ) Key Concept 3.1:II The desire of many colonists to assert ideals of self-government in the face of renewed British imperial efforts led to a colonial independence movement and war with Britain. CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( )

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3 BEFORE The French and Indian War ( ) 150 Years of an Independent Colonial Life Growing animosity lack of respect Attempts of GB to control trade: mercantilism Navigation Acts (1651) Molasses Act (1733) Am Col smuggling turning point AFTER Attempts of GB to govern Am Cols: BUT Dominion of New England( ).. first Am Revolution Proclamation of 1763 Salutary Neglect Enforcement of Mercantilist policies Am Cols practicing self-rule (republic) Raising Taxes without our consent habits of questioning authority established basic rights established colonial militias private ownership we began to see a vision of who we could be a nation within a nation Am Cols see an open west for settlement No taxation without representation CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 3

4 THE MERITS OF MERCANTILISM oppressive British laws on paper, but loosely enforced London paid liberal bounties to colonial producers Colonies had protection of world s most powerful navy and army THE MENACE OF MERCANTILISM Wealth measured by how much gold or silver in country s treasury. stifiled economic initiative opportunistic population Am Cols dependent of British agents and creditors Am Cols found economic relationship debasing MERCANTILISM: Wealth = Power wealth secured through a favorable balance of trade Mercantilist restrictions created currency shortages in colonies: forced to use paper money. Paper money illegal; Royal crown had right to veto legislation. CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 4

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6 Stamp Act Uproar Parliament s attempts to regain control of its Am Cols 1763: Prime Minister George Grenville Orders navy to strictly enforce Navigation Acts 1764 Sugar Act increased duties on Sugar from W Indies 1765 Quartering Act food and quarters for troops 1765 Stamp Act.. Act first direct tax Offenders tried in admiralty courts: no juries; guilty until proven innocent CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 6

7 STAMP ACT UPROAR legislation v. taxation Am Cols conceded right of Parliament to legislate matters related to the empire but taxation is robbery: only Am Col Assemblies had the consent to tax PM Grenville: argued virtual representation Parliament represented all subjects even those who did not elect members CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 7

8 1765 Stamp Act Congress NYC: 27 Delegates from 9 colonies A statement rights and grievances THE COLONIES GET ORGANIZED Declaration of Rights and Grievances II. subjects in these colonies are [entitled] to all the inherent rights and liberties of this natural born subjects within the kingdom of Great Britain III. it is essential to the freedom of a people that no taxes be imposedon them but with their own consent; given personally or by their representation although ignored by Parliament, a step towards colonial unity CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 8

9 THE COLONIES GET ORGANIZED HERE then, my dear countrymen, ROUSE yourselves, and behold the ruin hanging over your heads Never did the British Parliament, till the period above mentioned, think of imposing duties in America FOR THE PURPOSE OF RAISING A REVENUE If the Parliament may lawfully deprive New Yorko f any of her rights, it may deprive any or all the other colonies of their rights; and nothing can possibly so much encourage such attempts as a mutual inattention to the interests of each other. John Dickinson CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 9

10 Communication and Organization THE COLONIES GET ORGANIZED nonimportation agreements economic boycotts of British goods (ex. wool) adopted across colonial borders Sons of Liberty Daughters of Liberty liberty, property and no stamps taking the law into their own hands; enforcing eco boycotts; effigy hangings; ransacking homes of royal officials; targeting Loyalists; Economic toll is felt by English merchants; force Parliament to repeal Stamp Act but Parliament reaffirms its right to absolute sovereignty over colonies with Declaratory Act CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 10

11 TENSIONS BREWING Townsend Acts 1767) light, indirect customs duties to pay for salaries of royal governors Nonimportation Acts renewed, British land two regiments of troops in Boston in 1768 Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 11

12 TENSIONS BREWING Parliament again repeals most of Townsend Acts, but keeps tax on tea Committees of Correspondence Organized exchange of communications to keep alive British opposition. First started 1772, Boston, by Samuel Adams Adams continues to incite his trained mob. These committees will lead to the first American congresses CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 12

13 CHPTR 8: America Secedes from the Empire ( ) 13

14 TENSIONS BREWING 1773, British East India Co awarded a complete monopoly of American tea business Boston Tea Party December 16, 1773 CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 14

15 TENSIONS BREWING Intolerable Acts (1774) Parliament responds by punishing Boston and New England Boston port closed until damages paid Restrictions on New England Town Meetings Officials who killed colonists to be tried in England New Quartering Act CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 15

16 Quebec Act (1774) Covering French Subjects in Canada TENSIONS BREWING Guaranteed Catholic religion, maintain anti-democratic institutions, and boundary extended into Ohio Valley Colonists Feel Threatened An act limiting democracy; limiting land speculation, and extending Catholic jurisdiction Supporting Boston Others colonies feel Boston s pain and send aid CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 16

17 First Continental Congress Philadelphia, 1774 BLOODSHED 55 delegates from 12 colonies deliberate on actions to take Petition the King to repeal offensive legislation Declaration and Resolves (1774) First Continental Congress The foundation of English liberty, and of all free government, is a right of the people to participate in their legislative council; and as the English colonists are not represented in British parliament, they are entitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation in their several provincial legislatures, where their right of representation can alone be preserved. CHPTR 7: The Road to Revolution ( ) 17

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